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Determination of PLA microplastics in soil by using pyrolysis methods
Románeková, Ivana ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Nowadays, plastic waste poses one of the greatest risks to the environment. Plastics affect the environment at all stages of their life cycle. Bioplastics have become widely used as a substitute for conventional plastics, without detailed examination of their behavior in real environmental conditions. As a result, it is assumed that they can accumulate in the environment and the question arose as to how to identify them. The main goal of this thesis is to develop a method based on sample pyrolysis that is suitable for the identification and determination of the amount of PLA microplastics in soil and other solid matrices. Three types of soils and sludge were used for analysis. These matrices were spiked to obtain concentration ranges 0,2% - 5,0%. The pyrolysis resulted in evolution of gases with the signals m/z 29, 43 and 44, witch originated from PLA and are suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Analysis of PLA in sludge was more complicated due to similarity of gases evolved from pure matrices. We tested three approaches based on analysis of signal´s peak areas, intensities and temperatures of gas evolution. While the first approach failed, the last two approaches appeared to be promising for qualitative and quantitative analysis of PLA in the sludge. Several methods suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of even very small amounts of PLA in soils and sludge have also been designed/developed. These methods were based on analysis of the composition and dynamics of the released gases and the characterisctic degradation temperatures.
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Using flotation in water treatment plants
Litschmann, Patrik ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The bachelor thesis processes the principle of dissolved air flotation (DAF), its history, modifications and parameters. It also describes efficiency in removing cyanobacteria, algae and turbidity on surface sources. Additionally, the experience with flotation is described at the first separation stage in the Czech Republic and abroad. It has turned out that pre-project preparation, model tests and pilot tests are absolutely crucial for dissolved air flotation. Finally, flotation with sedimentation is compared in terms of flocculation, coagulation, sludge and their economic impacts.
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Technical economical valuation of WWTP´s sludge treatment
Petřík, Jiří ; Raček,, Jakub (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on sludge management of wastewater treatment plant. The research work contains an overview of the related legislation, outlines the problems of sludge treatment in the Czech Republic and also deals with technologies and technical solutions that are related to the processing and treatment of sewage sludge for various size categories of wastewater treatment plants. The second part is devoted to the technical and economic assessment of wastewater treatment plants in the category from 500 EO to 2 000 EO. The assessment is based on real data provided by WWTP operators and focuses on electricity consumption, investment costs and operating costs. Part of the diploma thesis is also determining the rentability of drainage equipment, and studying the convenience of using mobile or stationary drainage equipment.
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Screw conveyor
Kaňa, Vojtěch ; Pokorný, Přemysl (referee) ; Jonák, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with proposal tilted screw conveyor in term of calculation and construction solution of tilted screw conveyor for sludge transportation in waste water treatment plant. There is a calculation of the basic parameters, proposal of gearing, proposal of bearings and strength calculation of the main parts. In the attachment we can see drawing documentation.
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Alternative Biomass Fuels Properties
Krejčiřík, Jiří ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis follows up attributes of alternative fuels made from biomass and burning them in home combustion equipment with taking into account the process of creating emissions of solid pollutants. There can be found definition of solid alternative fuels with descripition of how are they made and also their attributes as fuels in the first chapter of this thesis. In the second part can be found description of burning alternative fuels made from biomass with taking into account the process of creating emissions. The third chapter of this bachelor thesis is focused on experimental testing of fuel attributes of alternative fuels made from biomass. There is also practical test of creating emissions with focus on creating solid pollutants in this part.
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The design of the digestion tank heating
Cupra, Šimon ; Jegla, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kilkovský, Bohuslav (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the design of heating of the digestion tank, which is part of the waste water purification process and where the process of sludge digestion takes place. Anaerobic digestion (methanisation) is a process main goal of which is the hygienesation of incoming sludge and related biogas production. In the first part the reader is introduced to the subject of mixed and heated industrial vessels. In the second part of the thesis thermo-hydraulic calculation of the heating process is carried out in case the vessel is agitated and in case the agitation is not applied. The next part of the thesis describes the procedure for creating a calculation tool, which is later used to solve two sample problems. The last part describes the experimental measurement of the pumping characteristics of the agitator.
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Evaluation of operational parameters of sludge pumps.
Kuzmová, Barbora ; Hodáň, Václav (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to determine the parameters of sludge pumps. In the first part of the thesis is processed by a general search of pumps and their basic division. There are described properties of individual pumps. There are mentioned the reasons influencing parameters of the pump. This study is more closely engaged with sludge pumps and their comparison. For review, in the thesis is chart with sludge impellers. In this work are compares channel, vortex, screw and other impellers. This comparison is shown in chart of impellers. There are also described methods of measuring the parameters of the pumps, mentioned test procedures and diagrams of experiments. The practical part is described clogging test. The experiment was conducted on a channel pump. The process and result of the experiment is mentioned in thesis.
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Properties of anaerobic sewage sludge from small producers
Pospíšil, Jaroslav ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (referee) ; Hyánková, Eva (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with today's wastewater treatment from small producers and characteristics of primary sludge. Work is focused on natural ways of wastewater treatment. The main attention is devoted to the primary sludge. In the next section are based on laboratory tests, where samples are tested properties. There is tested the primary sludge from the mechanical pre-treatment, and namely from the sedimentation tank.
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Sludge Pumping on WWTP
Fadrný, Tomáš ; Medek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Boráň, Jaroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the best solution design for a sludge fitting, especially focusing on the right choice of pumps for the waste water treatment plant in Prostějov. The pumps were selected for a circulation pipeline, which heats up the sludge. Several measurements were carried out in order to determine the statistical evaluation of the properties of the pumped medium. The figures gained were used to calculate pressure losses.The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first part provides a theoretical analysis of the problem and the second part presents the results and subsequently the reasoning for the new selection of pumps in order to change the WWTP technology from the mesophilic to the thermophilic sludge digestion. The test records describing the testing of the individual samples of the pumped sludge are attached.
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Design of Sludge Disintegration Unit
Brtna, Filip ; Beňo, Zdeněk (referee) ; Boráň, Jaroslav (advisor)
The target of the first part of this diploma thesis is focused on the problems relating to the sludge production from the wastewater treatment plant and subsequent sludge treatment. In this thesis complete process of the wastewater treatment is described. Predominantingly is described the process in digestion tanks, therefore stabilization process, whereas the paper is focused on sludge pre-treatment (disintegration) of waste activated sludge before stabilization. The second part of this thesis is focused on the design of the disintegration unit for the wastewater treatment sludge in assist with experimental data. According to measured and fixed parameters the unfired pressure vessel has been designed. On the vessel has been further realized the strength calculation, the heat balance and the economic balance.
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