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Annual progress of radial increment of selected species in Arboretum FFWS in Kostelec nad Černými lesy
Chržová, Anna ; Bažant, Václav (advisor) ; Vítámvás, Jan (referee)
Abstract
This thesis deals with the evaluation of the annual radial increment measured during the vegetation period 2014 and 2015 on three species of trees in the Arboretum of The Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague in Kostelec. Evaluation of the seasonal dynamics of radial increment of Abies grandis (Grand fir), Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce) and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) on plot stands in the Arboretum in Kostelec was made by comparing the climate in the time period and the annual radial increment as it changed during the season. Annual radial increment of Abies grandis, Picea sitchensis and Pseudotsuga menziesii was detected by device EMS DRL26A. This device also subscribed information about the temperature during the growing season. Data was processed by software EMS Mini32 and exported to Microsoft Excel 2016. Information about the temperature, I determinated with using a meteorological station in the area of the Arboretum. Data fromdendrometer and weather station and their interdependence was evaluated using Microsoft Excel 2016 in the form of line charts. In 2014, I was dealing also phenological phases and the time of onset and end of it on observed species. Due to the extremely warm and dry year 2015, I had the opportunity to compare the responses of individual species at these climatic phenomens. In conclusion, the results are confronted with the literature searches and the discussion in this thesis, where I focused on the characteristics of measured trees and their application in European conditions
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Torrefaction of biomass for energy use
Sverkunová, Kristina ; Ivanova, Tatiana (advisor) ; Krepl, Vladimír (referee)
The Bachelor thesis is focused on torefaction of biomass for an energy use. It describes the technology including basic reactors, compares wet and dry torefaction and used materials that can be used for an agricultural waste. In the thesis I compared advantages and disadvantages of torefaction considering all hydrophobic, grindability and emission of greenhouse gasses.
Second and the important part of the thesis is the recent commercial use of biomass. Data are mainly taken from the SECTOR study, which was made in March 2016. So it can be considered as a recent data. This part is also concentrated on possibilities of faster development of this technology thanks to the commercial use. It is also explaining the importance of norms, which have not been regulated yet.
The conclusion refers to the main assets of this technology, when the usage of fossil fuels and its more ecological substitutes are discussed. I mentioned the problem of a carbon footprint is connected to a possible raise of wood materials import, that will be unavoidable in order to satisfy expected demand for year 2020.
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Changes in wetlands - change trajectories, causes
Brašna, Vlastimil ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
This thesis analyzes the historical development of wetlands in corn production areas in Moravia, Czech Republic. Wetlands were analyzed changes in time and space for a period of 180 years.
The main objective is to analyze the development of wetland habitats in the landscape using old maps, aerial photographs and GIS. The bases were of the Imperial Imprints of the Stable cadastre from the first half of the 19th century and contemporary orthophoto. There were also used GIS layers of the current location of wetlands, farmland, forests, rivers and waterways. In historical documents were evaluated by two categories 1) wet meadows and 2) swamps and marshes. In the current surface are only evaluated wetlands.
The total area is 18054 ha. The area of wetlands dramatically decreased from 108 ha in the first half of the 19th century on 14 ha in 2015. Most of the wetlands have been converted to agricultural land - arable land (72 %), meadows and pastures (12 %). Wetlands succession was transformed to bushes (5,4 %). There was 5 % of the deaths of wetlands built and drained. Most wetlands have been transformed due to the pressure on the production function of the landscape in order to get more food. In the first half of the 19th century it was dominated by wet meadows, they had 684 ha. Despite the disappearance of a large part of the wetlands created new wetlands, which have 12.4 hectares. Most newly created wetlands are located in the cadastral area of Mutěnice. Only one wetland (1.68 ha) remained unchanged, located in cadastral Čejč. This wetland had a history of more land (25.15 hectares) and has been linked with Čejčské Lake.
The main result of this work is to determine the trajectories of development of wetland ecosystems in the lowlands of Moravia. Descriptions of these trajectories have contributed to understanding influences on the development of wetlands. Results wetlands contribute to the development of knowledge in the field of landscape ecology. The results can be used to restore extinct wetlands and creation of new wetlands in the historic wet meadows. The information obtained can be used in landscape planning with regard to the protection and management of wetlands.
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Growing of rapeseed for energy purposes - impacts and context.
Charvát, Michal ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Biofuels are generally based on biomass. It may be a waste biomass or biomass grown specifically. It is used as fixed or lump fuel, and also to as liquid and gas. Liquid biofuels are used both for energy purposes, ie to produce heat, electricity generation, but also as a motor fuels. In this thesis goes on biofuel purposefully grown, about oilseed rape and from it made liquid fuel, in this case of RME rapeseed methyl ester, which is a fuel of the first generation.
The European Union expected that the use of biofuel will reduce CO2 emissions by up to 35% further premised that the development of biofuels will be a positive impact on local employment and it the both on direct and indirect. Further help diversify Europe's dependence on oil imports. They were introduced direct support for growers in order to exlarged the area where grew plants intended for biofuel. These direct resistances were abolished in 2010. Similar support was also intended for producers.
Regarding rapeseed, peak in the sown area across the EU was in 2010, when it was sown almost 7 mil. ha, which is almost 3,5 times more than the original plan for the EU. Last year, it was only 6,45 mil. ha, but with higher-yielding rapeseed seeds. Similarly, increasing the sowing areas you can watch in the Czech Republic. Moreover Czech Republic is the fifth producer of rapeseed in the EU. In 2013/14 have been sown most ha rape, total 418,8 th. ha, but production was the highest in the following year due hectare yields, although with reduced the area sown. Yet is rape sown on 14% of cultivated land.
We can not talk about drastically restricting cultivation of rape, even after termination direct aid. First, the price of rape is very decent and steady and almost half designated for industrial processing it is processed on RME. However, the system of cultivation is not good for the soil. Rape in plans crop rotation is ranked every two years mostly, but the best would be once for five years.
The only assumption was confirmed by the EU, CO2 emissions are lower, but is also needed to count with the amount of N2O emissions, which this benefit is reduced. However on employment it had no effect, or rather negative. More jobs in agriculture provides livestock production and the like can be evaluated also process industry. Another problem is the destruction of ecosystems so that could be grown plants suitable for biofuels. It is a matter of developing countries, in our lands is it about the depletion of fertile land to cultivation fuel instead of food. First, it needed more to fertilize and use pesticides. But also in case of crop failure it is revenue designetid for biofuels producers is delivere even at the cost of food price increases.
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The renovation of historical parks near the small feudal residences on the example of the study of the renovation of the castle garden in Doudleby nad Orlici in Eastern Bohemia.
Faltysová, Lenka ; Buttry, Ivana (advisor) ; Jakub, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this work is the processing methodology and presentation process how to restore monuments of garden art. On the example of the revitalization of the castle garden immovable cultural monument Castle Doudleby nad Orlicí, based on the study of literature, similar interventions and the analysis and interpretation of various types of archival material the current quality of historic garden was evaluated. It is based on field survey, which consists of dendrological research, analyzing the authenticity of trees and appreciation of all the collected documents, historical sources and professional literature. Concept recovery of castle garden is based on the expert authority´s binding point of view of the state care of historical monuments.
Renaissance castle in Doudleby nad Orlici is located in the eastern part of the town on a slightly raised hill on the right bank of the River Divoká Orlice. There was a wooden medieval fortress with the farmyard on this place in the 13th century. Sr Mikuláš from Bubno started to build a hunting lodge in the Renaissance style as villa in 1588, which was finished in 1590. The significance of Renaissance residence, which complement the early Baroque elements from the late 17th century, is enhanced by the opulent and impressive sgraffito - carpet pattern covering all external and internal frontage, restored in 1886 by Kirchner. The tall chimneys are the part of decoration in the courtyard decorated with sgraffito as well. The chateau complex is formed along its circuit of farm buildings and residential buildings. Building of castle itself is separated by a park with old trees and newer lawns (Hieke, 1984).
Castle park in Doudleby nad Orlicí was founded in 1809 in compositional continuity of the Renaissance castle building. The park forms one organic complex with the castle. The promoter strived, like in the castle rooms, to demonstrate here his wealth, his sense of art and his botanical-dendrological knowledge. The park is designed as a narrow disposition in landscape style and it is composed as a long vista to the castle. The area of the landscape park is 3.76 hectares nowadays.
The literature search is especially dedicated to the Renaissance and its relationship to the garden art. The monument care in the Czech Republic and the activity of professional organization of the monument care of the National Heritage Institute in Josefov is introduced in this section.
The methodological guide describes the used bolsterings and resulting outputs on the basis of them are implemented of such measures, which will help to improve the health and vitality of existing promising trees and new plantings of trees, which are consistent with the original composition with emphasis on the rehabilitation and upgrading of historical value of the object. Treatment of trees and supplementary planting will be done within the frame of total revitalization of the castle park.
The practical unit describes the current status of vegetation monuments of garden art. The inventory trees is the essential tool for analyzing the current status of vegetation monuments of garden art. Inventory, which should provide quality base for a draft recovery, should also be addressed in certain parts with characteristics of individual species (Krejčiřík, 2015).
The results of field investigation were completely recorded in the graphical output.
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Verification of project „Park za sv. Jakubem v Klatovech“
Malá, Kateřina ; Vacek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
City council of Klatovy town in the Czech Republic submitted a contract for a new town park project on the place called "Za sv. Jakubem" in 2005. Studio SILVEX represented by Ing. Pavel Borusík won this contract and created a feasibility study as the first step of the project documentation. Till now the study has not been realized because of problematic ownership issues within the concerned area.
This diploma thesis strives to solve the question of the up-to-dateness of that project which has been suspended for ten years by now. The main subjects of this thesis have been the project content evaluation, verification of up-to-dateness and to design a new solution respecting current and future needs of the city inhabitants and park users.
Literary overview of the current state of the problem deals with public space areas characteristics, city park characteristics, graveyard characteristics including types of graveyards, burials, graves, burial history in the Czech Republic and Jewish cemeteries. The thesis addresses with the impact of the death on survivors and greenery effects as a green place useful for meditation. The graveyard topic is elaborated because of the geographical distance of Klatovy's town's graveyard to the intended park area.
Evaluation of detailed data provides the fundamental information about Klatovy and the park place, brief contents and main thoughts of feasibility study "Za sv. Jakubem", own verification of the available documentation including changes in the property relations.
All together it had served as a basis for designing new park concept proposal, which responds adequately to demands of park users. The project by Studio SILVEX proposes park place with purely town meaning, containing children playground, in-line skating track and other sport activities. The diploma thesis's park concept transforms the project with focus on scenery locations and relax place for visitors of the nearby town graveyard.
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Abundance of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and other synantropic species in small settlements around Prague
Řezáčová, Andrea ; Šmejdová, Lucie (advisor) ; Zasadil, Petr (referee)
In the surroundings of Prague, as well as in many other parts of Europe the population numbers of synanthropic species were reduced in recent years. These changes in abundance are attributed to the change of use of agricultural landscapes, the loss of small poultry farms and mainly a change in the character of the construction. The aim of this thesis was to ascertain the abundance of selected species of synanthropic birds and compared their numbers with the data obtained in 2012. In this study were also evaluated differences in the abundance of these species in the localities of old construction area and new construction area. There were selected 3 main leaders, house sparrow (Passer domesticus), tree sparrow (Passer montanus) and eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) from all monitored species for the statistical processing of the results. Census was carried out in a total of 40 squares, 20 of which was located in an old construction area and 20 in the construction of the new. All of the site lies in an area with a high degree of suburbanization in the central region an in around of Prague. The study
area covered an area of 200 x 200 meters and were visited a total of twice during the nesting period in the spring of 2015. The results show the preferences of the old buildings for the house sparrow and the eurasian collared dove. Tree sparrow was more numerous in the localities, characterizing the new housing development. For eurasion collared dove was observed increasing trend in abundance, while in both species of sparrows was recorded its decline. The most numerous species was the house sparrow with a total of 209 individuals, on the contrary, at least individuals, 23, was noted for european serin (Serinus serinus).
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The Development of Local Government in the Municipality of Kunvald
Rek, Michal ; Čopík, Jan (advisor) ; Dušan, Dušan (referee)
This thesis deals with the development of the local government in the municipality
of Kunvald since 1989. The theoretical part describes the basic concepts related to local government, including the urban area itself its citizens, the neighbourhood authorities, communal electoral system of Czech and the electoral right. The practical part is focused on characteristics of the community, description of its history, and the definition
of the local political parties. Futhermore, it is also targeted to the local organizations
and evaluates of the socio-economic indicators of the village during its participation
in public life and local government. It is also proceed further analysis of the progression and outcome of the local elections of municipality named Kunvald from 1989 to 2014.
The analysis describes all individual candidates, political parties, electoral participation, results and arising representatives, including the characteristics of their subsequent decision-making process who's municipal political scene will be implemented
in the following election period in the organs of the municipality. In addition, the practical also describes the comparison of the results from the municipal, district, regional
and national level since 1989 to 2014. Last but not least, not only it also contains analyses of active and passive usage of the voting rights, but it also includes a description
of continuity and discontinuity of individual members of the municipal council called Kunvald.
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Healthy lifestyle of young population
Mašanská, Kateřina ; Polišenský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pavlína, Pavlína (referee)
Thesis Healthy lifestyle of young population is dealing with a concepts which are related to a leisure and healthy life style mainly in theoretical part of this thesis. More of that are desscribed a factors which affect the healt level. Next content is related to the disease caused by the non helathy life style. Quantity of leisure centers and their participants are statistically calculated in practical part of this thesis. Also the participats of optional hobby groups and the cost for them. Analysis of two similar students with overweight was proceed in view of their BMI, rating habits, exercise and healthy life style recommendations. Conclusion content is handling with a current situation in youth centers and was specified a proposals for a better education of healthy life style.
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Development of Handmade Glass in Novy Bor Region from 1918 to the Present
Šavelková, Šárka ; Kopačka, Ludvík (advisor) ; Heřmanová, Eva (referee)
Handmade glass is one of the most typical Czech items that has made our country famous throughout the world for several centuries. Although it is a very small sector of our economy, which by money value contributes only 0.1% to the overall manufacturing sector and 1.2% to the group of glass products, it represents a significant impact on employment in the Liberecký region (10%). The importance of this sector, however, lies in not the quantity and unit value of production, but in the profound importance its producers place on quality. The quality of our handmade glass is still vastly superior to the manual mass production of any of the Eastern countries. For a region such as Novy Bor in North Bohemia which has traditionally been synonymous with glass making, great handmade glass has a significance which transcends economics. It is also what integrates and binds the social fabric, and gives the community its identity. The crisis that hit the industry in 2008 was primarily due to the developments of previous years. It showed us that the world stature of Bohemian crystal, its traditions, brands and trade marks cannot be sustained without investment. Without continuing investment, the beautiful craftsmanship of glass making cannot be developed, nor preserved. Glass blowing, and glass making craftsmanship - like...
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