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Martin Heidegger: Man, World and Space
Kocman, Vojtěch ; Čapek, Jakub (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
5 Abstract This essay presents an attempt to interpret the key moments of Heidegger's conception of spaciousness. Considering the fact, that Heidegger didn't publish his understanding of spaciousness in any systematic form, it is necessary to work with a great amount of primary texts often available only in a fragmentary shape. Another difficulty is given by the author's use of language, which requires very demanding translations; we always translate the source texts in this paper. Within his conception termed as the topology of being Heidegger attempts to think about the space not as a measurable quantity, but in correlation with the Greek concept of τόπος, i.e. the qualitatively determined place. This essay concentrates on Heidegger's early work as well as on his late period, during which the topological thinking plays a central role; it also tries to identify the connection between them. The understanding of thinking as a way is essential, as well as the connection of thinking and poetry and the relation between space and time, which are considered of equal value in Heidegger's late work. Merely outlined remain other directions, which may be taken by further research within Heidegger's concept of spaciousness: the critique of the contemporary way of the uncovering of the world, the deepened relation with...
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Hayek's concept of individualism
Doleček, Pavel ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
This thesis aims to reconstruct meanings of individualism in works of F. A. Hayek and to prove that individualism serves as a standpoint to his epistemological advocacy of liberalism. First of all is presented an analytical framework which stands on distinction of two degrees of liberal argumentation and defines possible meanings of individualism. Subsequently methodological individualism is discussed to clarify Hayek's concept of social sciences and his critique of scientism. The political individualism shows complementarities between epistemological arguments and general liberal postulates. Finally is Hayek's position confronted with Karl Popper. Here we discuss their partial differences and agreements.
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Collected poems of Franz Baermann Steiners
Pelánová, Eva ; Tvrdík, Milan (referee) ; Stromšík, Jiří (advisor)
Pfedkladana diplomova prace se zabyva basnickym dilem prazskeho rodaka Franze Baermm.ma Steinera (1909-1952). Za basnikova zivota zustalo dilo sirsi ctenarske verejnosti prakticky nezname; souborne vydani - Am stürzenden Pfad. Gesammelte Gedichte - uspohidal teprve v roce 2000 Jeremy Adler. Jeho edice vychazi z vydani sbirky Eroberungen, poHzeneho H. G. Adlerem (1964), a ze Steinerovy pozustalosti. Predkladana diplomova prace se opira 0 edici Jeremyho Adlera (Steiner 2000) a metodologicky navazuje na francouzskou skolu critique thematique, predevsim na studie Jean-Pierra Richarda. 1 Richard zkouma obrazivost (l 'imaginaire) jednotlivych autonl a pokousi se urcit jejich stezejni obrazovy fond, ktery zaklada charakteristicky svet konkretniho basnika. Zvolili jsme tuto metodu, nebot' Steiner sva temata prostredkuje pomod obrazu. Jeho obrazy nejsou nahodne a v basnickem dile se vraceji. Timto zpusobem nam basnik umoznuje pomerne presne stanovit vyznamjednotlirych obrazu a take vztahy mezi nimi. PHsne chronologickou analyzu jsme po urcitem vahani z nekolika duvodu zavrhli: basne za autorova zivota vetSinou nebyly zverejneny, a proto dilo nepodleha linearnimu ryvoji, jenz vyplyva z kontaktu dila s publikern. Steiner se navfc casto vracel k dHvejsi produkci a na basnich dale pracoval; stava se, ze prvni verzi od...
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Interpreting ancient Egyptian mythology. A structural analysis of the Tale of the two brothers and the Astarte papyrus
Pehal, Martin ; Janák, Jiří (referee) ; Bareš, Ladislav (advisor)
The work is divided into Part I and Part II. In Part I the author summarises the scholarly methods applied by Egyptology for interpreting ancient Egyptian mythological material - the euhemeristic (historicising) method and the theory developed by the Myth-Ritual school. He shows their main weaknesses and concludes that the historicising method is reductionistic and that the Myth-Ritual school is mistaken in its view of the type of connection between myths and rituals. He states that the structuralist tradition seems to avoid the pitfalls of these two methods. Part II is dedicated to a practical application of the structuralist method on ancient Egyptian mythological material - namely on the so-called Astarte papyrus. The author starts with summarising all the relevant literature published on the papyrus and gives its chronological overview. A theoretical summary of the basic principles and methods of the structuralist theory as proposed by Lévi-Strauss follows. Since his theory in its pure form contains several fallacies, he also presents the objections (relevant to his topic) which directed towards the structuralist method and explains how other scholars (especially Edmund Leach and Terence Turner) have managed to cope with these fallacies, modifying the structuralist theory into a form which the author...
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The Objectivity and Art Criticism
Pacáková, Pavlína ; KAPLICKÝ, Martin (advisor) ; KUBALÍK, Štěpán (referee)
This paper intends to answer the question of when and how we can consider a theatre criticism or review of a play to be more objective than another one. First we define the field of inquiry, art criticism and theatre criticism in particular. In doing so we describe how objectivity, truth, the author of a review and his or her intentions are related. We also explore various forms and functions of theatre criticism. While describing the process how criticism is created (perception, interpretation, evaluation and repeated search of arguments for the subjective view in the theatre piece itself) we identify how the different steps of such process influence the level of objectivity. At the end of the theoretical part this paper offers a synthesis of different criteria for objectivity in theatre criticism.
The second part compares the criteria of objective criticism with a set of current theatre reviews in the daily press, weekly magazines and professional publications. We analyze ten reviews of Václav Havel's The Garden Party (Zahradní slavnost) directed by Dušan Pařízek at the Prague's Estates Theatre (Stavovské divadlo). This set of the ten reviews includes an article by the author of this paper herself. Based on the criteria described in the first part of the paper we evaluate reviews by Radmila Hrdinová, Marcela Magdová, Marie Reslová, Vladmír Just, Richard Erm, Vojtěch Varyš, Vladimír Mikulka, Vladimír Hulec, Milan Uhde and Pavlína Pacáková. The evaluation shows the criteria can distinguish the reviews on a subjective-objective scale.
We conclude that an objective criticism fulfils several key demands: it openly defines the criteria of its evaluation, offers consistent reasoning, evaluates the theatre performance as a whole and not only as individual elements and helps the reader to make his own opinion and conclusion based on the given information.
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The emergence of opera buffa and the contributtion of G.B.Pergolesi
Kubištová, Anna ; Jonášová, Jana (advisor) ; Hajóssyová, Magdaléna (referee)
The aim this work is the theme " The emergence of opera buffa and the contribution of G.B.Pergolesi". In the first chapters I try to briefly familiarize the reader with the Neapolitan school and its founders Francesco Provenzale, Alessandro Scarlatti and others. Furthermore, I attend to the issue of castratos, who vere trained in the Neapolitan conservatories, their way of singing, and their importance in baroque opera. In the next chapter I ˇII touch Veapolitan operas and operation of theatre, which was influenced by contemporary usage and taste. It started here at the Opera to use dialect and theraby seamlessly evolved form of opera buffa. The next part is already disccused in detail the difference between opera seria and opera buffa and a brief substance of the comic operas of authors such as Leonardo Leo, Leonardo Vinci, Baldassare Galupi and Niccolo Puccini. In conclusion I mention Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, his work and contribution to the opera. Trying to explain in more details nature of the characters appearing in the intermezzo " La Serva Padrona".
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Hayek's concept of individualism
Doleček, Pavel ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
This thesis aims to reconstruct meanings of individualism in works of F. A. Hayek and to prove that individualism serves as a standpoint to his epistemological advocacy of liberalism. First of all is presented an analytical framework which stands on distinction of two degrees of liberal argumentation and defines possible meanings of individualism. Subsequently methodological individualism is discussed to clarify Hayek's concept of social sciences and his critique of scientism. The political individualism shows complementarities between epistemological arguments and general liberal postulates. Finally is Hayek's position confronted with Karl Popper. Here we discuss their partial differences and agreements.
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The theme of Japanese imperialistic past in short stories by Murakami Haruki
Koutník, Vojtěch ; Jurkovič, Tomáš (referee) ; Tirala, Martin (advisor)
The aim of this study is the depiction of Japanese imperialistic past in the works of Murakami Haruki. Considering the limited space of the study, the focus has not been placed on Murakami's novels but rather on the literary analysis of two short stories: Ton Takitani and Chgoku yuki no surou bto. The study tries to discover the ways, in which the history is perceived and depicted, and tries to enlighten the nature of symbols in order to reveal the hidden critique and feeling of guilt towards other nations damaged by Japanese imperialism.
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The Depiction of Gypsies and Its Relationship to "Our" Village in 19th-Century Czech Literature
Soukup, Daniel ; Šmahelová, Hana (advisor) ; Merhaut, Luboš (referee) ; Svatoň, Vladimír (referee)
Mgr. Daniel Soukup The Depiction of Gypsies and Its Relationship to "Our" Village in 19th-Century Czech Literature (abstract) The present study analyzes the "Gypsy" figures in 19th -century Czech literature as non- mimetic creations. A critique of the contrary approach, which sees "Gypsies" as distorted images of actual Romanies, is elaborated in chap. 1.3. The subsequent chapters focus on the concepts of "constructed strangeness", marginality and the numinous (1.4); the diverse cultural layers which make up the Gypsy stereotype (1.5); and the semantics of this stereotype (1.6). This general theoretical overview is followed by interpretations of four literary texts (chap. 1.7-1.10) which represent the archaic (demonizing), the romantic and the modern (ironic) layers of the Gypsy image. The spy Zatrán, a character in Josef Linda's historical drama Jaroslav Šternberg v boji proti Tatarům, can be seen as an example of a demonized Gypsy. Karel Hynek Mácha's novel Cikáni and Adolf Heyduk's lyrical sequence "Cigánské melodie" depict both the romantic desire to identify with the Gypsy and the impossibility to achieve it. Svatopluk Čech's short story "Cikánka" presents an ironic deconstruction of the Gypsy stereotype. The second part of the study contains comprehensive contextual interpretations of Gypsy motifs in...
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