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A nursing issue: peripheral venous catheter
TOMÁNKOVÁ NOVÁKOVÁ, Monika
Peripheral venous catheter is used to access the venous system. It is one of the most commonly used invasive procedures in health care facilities. This procedure falls within the competence and daily tasks of nurses. Therefore this type of nursing care is susceptible to risk of proceeding routinely which might result in conscious or unconscious errors. Peripheral venous catheter needs to be introduced into the patient's vein in the following cases: planned parenteral nutrition, infusion or transfusion therapy, application of intravascular medication or contrast media, rehydration, blood sampling (which can be performed immediately after introducing the peripheral venous catheter and before administrating medication) and also during an emergency care for critically ill (such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation). Nurses should be as knowledgeable as possible about this issue so that the peripheral venous catheter can be introduced well and fulfil its purpose. It is important to ensure that nurses obtain all the necessary information about their patients before inserting the catheter and that they are able to properly inform the patients about the procedure and to communicate with them. Next, nurses should be familiar with the correct procedure for inserting catheters, they should be informed about possible contraindications and know how to choose the correct type of catheter as well as where to place it. Furthermore, nurses should care for this vascular access correctly and provide the patient with enough information about taking care of the catheter after the procedure. Finally, nurses should be aware of their own potential errors and also of possible complications. Therefore they should employ aseptic technique so that they can eliminate nosocomial infections. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part focuses on the history of peripheral venous catheters and their types, indications and contraindications, necessary equipment, nursing care, complications, etc. The empirical part consists of a research. The aim of the thesis was to map the use of peripheral venous catheters in hospitals as well as to identify factors that may lead to problems among the patients with peripheral venous catheters. Four research questions were assigned to these aims. 1. What is the procedure prior to inserting a peripheral venous catheter? 2. What are the standards of caring for patients with an inserted peripheral venous catheter? 3. In which steps of caring for peripheral venous catheters do the nurses lack knowledge? What equipment do the nurses prepare in order to insert a peripheral venous catheter? The Bachelor's thesis was conducted using a qualitative research survey. The methods of collecting data included semi-structured interviews and participant observations. The research was carried out only in one hospital ward and it was anonymous. First, the data were collected by means of a semi-structured interview. The nurses were asked 14 questions (see Appendix 8). During this interview, several more subquestions were added. The results of the interviews were then grouped into several categories for the sake of clarity. The second method of collecting data was participant observation. The observed facts were recorded into an observation sheet (see Appendix 9). The same nurses who were interviewed were also observed. This Bachelor's thesis has been written in order to provide a basic overview of the peripheral venous catheters. It could be used as an information source for more experienced as well as novice nurses. The practical output of this Bachelor's thesis is a nursing care standard concerning peripheral venous catheters. This standard was missing in the hospital ward and could help the nurses to take care of these vascular accesses, to proceed correctly and eliminate possible errors (see Appendix10).
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Lifestyle of patients with peripheral arterial disease before and after surgery
REZKOVÁ, Helena
Theoretical background: Peripheral arterial disease is a serious disease of Loir limb arteries which originates from atherosclerosis. The theoretical part deals with the lifestyle. There are mentioned basic risk factors of chronic forms. Further described are the pathophysiology changes generated on the basis of atherosclerosis and related causes for the origin of the disease. Subsequently there are explained methods of classification, developed clinical symptoms, diagnosis and therapy. This section also looks at the role of a nurse in the care of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate how patients with peripheral arterial disease changed their lifestyle after invasive vascular surgery. There were provided the following research questions: How do patients with peripheral arterial disease approach to the prevention of risk factors? What is in patients with peripheral arterial disease the main impuls for the possible change of their lifestyle? What influences surgery patient's attitude to risk factors for peripheral arterial disease? How crucial is a lifestyle change in patients after surgery for peripheral arterial disease? Methods: The theoretical part is processed using expert sources. The empirical part of the theses was processed using qualitative research. The chosen technique for data collection was semi-structured interviews with patients, with prepared open questions. The research was done in several phases - the first interview was conducted at the patient admission department (before surgery), followed by the next phase after three months, and 6 months after surgery. The interviews were recorded on a prepared form, then transcribed into electronic form and analyzed by open coding method. Results: The research showed that surgery can sometimes be triggered by changes in the patient's lifestyle. The first interviews in the preoperative period focused on how respondents felt, what was their lifestyle before surgery for atherosclerotic changes of the lower extremities. One of the questions was focused on patient knowledge about risk factors for the development of PAD and possible prevention. The second phase of interviews took place 3 months after the surgery. It dealt with the question about the respndents´ lifestyle, the respondents in the postoperative period, whether there were any changes. Some positive changes occurred in eating and there were some changes in doing physical activity. The third stage was carried out six months after surgery, again in order to detect changes in lifestyle. Minor changes came in smoking habits, the issue of diet and physical aktivity. Questions were also focused on the psychological level. We found out who helped patients and what was most motivating in implementing changes. In the conclusion/summing up question the patients marked themselves ow they managed to make a change. Conclusion: The number of patients with peripheral arterial disease and other cardiovascular diseases is increasing. The basis is the start to modify risk factors, namely tobacco use,dietary habits, physical activity. The medical staff members participate on changes in patients´ lifestyle by appropriate education. The problem occurs when the patient despite the support of close people can not cope to carry a twist in their life. There should a medical staff member offer a professional help to deal with this important step. Practical use: The aim is to draw attention to the expansion of education about lifestyle changes for patients diagnosed with PAD also in the postoperative period. Patients who are released to home care should receive enough information that would convince them to change their attitude towards their health, and that surgery is only one of the ways to prevent further attacks and complications. Results can improve communication with patients and focus on increasing their awareness and possibly offer assistance.
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Nutritional care of children at pediatric clinics and hospitals
METELCOVÁ, Jana
The main goal of this work called Nutritional Care in Children's Hospital and Hospital facilities is to verify whether the nutritional standards created for older child patients meet the needs and are checked and if their physiological needs are fulfilled in chosen hospitals. The next objective is to evaluate the satisfaction of the hospitalised patients with the meals given to them by hospitals. The theoretical part of this work deals with nutritional care, therapeutic care and nutritional needs of adolescents. It further deals with nutritional risks and marginally mentions technological processes regarding meal preparation. The method of qualitative research was used by using questionnaires filled in by chosen children patients who were then interviewed. Children aged 10 to 14 were supposed to be on diet number 13, half of them were boys and the other half were girls. The research was conducted in the children's ward in the hospital in Jindřichův Hradec in December 2015 and in the same type of ward in the hospital in České Budějovice in February 2016. The initial number of respondents was five patients in each ward, then using snow ball sampling method their number increased into ten in each ward. The weekly menu according to which the meals were distributed was obtained from the catering facilities of the hospitals. By using the program "Nutriservis Profi" the contents of nutrients in the meals were obtained. The results gathered from the program "Nutriservis Profi" were compared with recommended values for particular age group defined by The Czech Society for Nutrition, so meeting the physiological needs of the patients could be evaluated. From the results it was found that both hospitals have problems with supplying enough fibre content, phosphorus and calcium in meals for children's patients. There is also sodium, potassium, cholesterol and vitamin C surplus in the menus. Thanks to the internship in both hospitals in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice meeting the physiological needs of the children could be evaluated. Considering the fact that the previous evaluation revealed some imperfections, therapists from both hospitals should concentrate more on checking nutritional values in meals, consequently it was recommended to focus more on the variety of the menus and their improvement. There were also inadequacies in attendance at the children's ward. There was a comparison of the results from both hospitals, based on questionnaires and interviews from the children's point of view. Based on the data, children hospitalized in Jindřichův Hradec were more satisfied with the meals. In the conclusion there is a summary of the research and suggested suitable improvements for hospitals. There is a model menu for diet number 13 in the attachment which could be used by hospitals.
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Diets for food allergies
DOBRUSKÁ, Klára
I have chosen topic Diet with Food Allergy as a topic of my bachelor thesis. This illness is quite common these days. It affect infants mostly but allergy of cow´s milk protein of children under three years disappears itself mostly. There is increasing amount of causes when patient suffers more allergies. Number of people who have the most serious reaction the anaphylactic shock, icreeases. It can end with death. Doctors recommend to patients to strictly follow the elimination diet which is basic treatment of this illness. The most accurate diagnosis of illness (immunological or not) is another important factor for effective treatment. I have chosen three aims for this bachelor thesis. First to find out if patients are informed about their illness. Second to map eating habbits of people with food allergy. Third the evaluation of correctness of daily menus. I used approach of guality research. Research group consisted of six respondents with different food allergy. Those respondents wrote down their weeks menus. Menus were evaluated with program Nutriservis and it was assessed if it follows recommended dietary value. Suitable intake of energy and essential nutrients was calculated for every respondent. It was evaluated if respondents follows priciples of rational diet and if their diet contains sufficient amount of minerals and vitamins. Questionnaires were another key point of this research. Questionnaires were about illness know-how of patients and who has instructed them about it. It was found out the patients hasn´t got enough information about their illness and half of them has no idea which essential nutrients, minerals and vitamins could lack in their diet. It resulted from menus simultaneously that five of six respondents do not follow principles of rational diet and eat very monotonously. Only one respondent follows strictly elimination diet others violate diet exceptionally. Respondets would appreciate other research would focus on creation of special centres and training of doctors and nutritional therapist who would be focused on food allergies. Spreading the information about illness not only to patients but to public also is really important. Another important point is to increase amount of books about food allergies at the market.
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Inovativní metody v chovu a reprodukci candáta obecného (Sander lucioperca)
BLECHA, Miroslav
The whole Ph.D. thesis includes in total 10 chapters on 146 pages. Chapter 2 9 are specific parts of thesis where following scientific and practical aspects of pikeperch reproduction biology and aquaculture are described. Quality and quantity of pikeperch spermatozoa after varying cold water treatments are presented in the chapter 2 and can help to optimize broodstock management of males with the aim to obtain high quality spermatozoa during a seasonal and an out of season spawning as well. Benefits of hormone treatment of both sexes in semi-artificial reproduction in pikeperch are described in the chapter 3 where the importance of hormonal treatment of both sexes in tank spawning is evaluated for effective production pikeperch larvae. The use of an alcalase treatment for the elimination of pikeperch egg stickiness is being shown in the chapter 4 of this thesis. Post-ovulatory oocyte ageing and its effect on eggs viability rates and occurrence of larval malformations and ploidy anomalies are listed in chapter 5. These results describe the effects of the egg over ripening fertilization process in pikeperch. The first report of heat shock triploidisation in pikeperch is described in chapter 6 with production of 100% pikeperch triploid population. The effect of water surface treatment on survival, swim bladder inflation and growth of larvae is given in the chapter 7 with the aim to optimize the intensive culture of pikeperch larvae. Last two chapters (8 and 9) are describing the adaptation of intensively cultured juveniles to pond culture and the adaptation of pond-cultured juveniles to RAS as a new and effective methods for ongrowing production of pikeperch. In total, four published scientific papers, one handbook, one accepted scientific paper for publication, and two prepared scientific manuscripts are included and discussed in this Ph.D. thesis.
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Relationship between the coat colour and melanoma occurrence in horses
Hovorková, Kristýna ; Hofmanová, Barbora (advisor) ; Majzlík, Ivan (referee)
The literary review is divided into two main parts, the first part is dealing with the coloring of horses and their genetic base and the second part is dealing with melanoma formations of horses and their division. In the chapter about several color types of horses there is a description of forming basic color types which is done by three locuses: COLOR, EXTENSION and AGOUTI. Locus COLOR (CREAM) controls whether or not to create pigment. EXTENSION locus controls about the type of pigment and AGOUTI locus controls the distribution of pigment.
The next subsection gives a breakdown of the white color in horses. Greying proces is related with locus GREY where there is a loss of pigment and the coat itself. This process and mutation is commonly connected with dermal melanoma. Non-pigmented spots called vtiligos are connected with the greying process, which is more intense with increasing age. Vtiligios are commonly found in grey horses, at the same locations as dermal melanoma. The places are perianal area under the tail, around the vulva, lips, eyes and around the penis.
Melanoma formations are divided according to whether they occur in Grey horses or other colored horses and whether they have a benign or malignant potential. A further breakdown of melanomas at grey horses is whether it is a separate, smaller segments or large, associated lesions, when this condition is called dermal melanomatosis.
At the end of the thesis there is a description of the treatment options for melanoma. The most effective appears to be a surgical removal of smaller formations. There were studies which have examined the anticancer action of the drug cimetidine but the results are not yet sufficiently conclusive. As preventing the occurrence of melanoma in grey horses it is appropriate to implement the necessary measures and individuals who are concerned should not be included in the next breeding.
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Comparison of HPLC a GC-MS method for pesticide determination in soil
Chalbia Václavíková, Alena ; Kočárek, Martin (advisor) ; Havlík, Jaroslav (referee)
Physical and chemical properties of pesticides may vary significantly. Pesticides can be acidic, neutral or alkaline. Some compounds containing phosphorus, other sulfur, nitrogen or halogens. These atoms can be important for the detection of pesticides. Some of the compounds are volatile, others on the contrary not evaporate, which is also one of the important properties for chromatography. The diversity of pesticides actually makes it impossible to create a universal method, which is very impractical in terms of quality and time determination. Because that pesticides are one of the most chemicals in most countries. In the food and drinking water are limits on pesticides in order to avoid negative impact on public health. For residues in soil or surface water limits are set. (Lutz et al., 2006)
The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the possibility of using two types of chromatographs with different detectors for the analysis of pesticide. Pendimethalin which was chosen for this work, will be analyzed usinga liquid chromatograph with UV detektor and gas chromatography with mass detector. Both this method will be compared as well two extraction methods (Soxhlet extraction and shaking), and two extraction agents (methanol and acetonitrile).
Another point of the work is to provethe hypothesis that, for the determination of pendimethalin in soil is by gas chromatography using a mass spectrometer in comparison with the high performance liquid chromatography time and more expensive, but will achieve a higher yield and a lower detection limit of the pesticide.
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The introduction of quality management system according to ISO 9001
Kunzová, Kateřina ; Štůsek, Jaromír (advisor)
The thesis describes the design process and the documents required to meet the standards associated with the effective implementation of a quality management system according to DIN EN ISO 9001 in organization Zinková slévárna - Ing. Karel Dítě.
In the theoretical part of the work I explain the basic concepts and issues relating to the use of literature associated with the ISO 9001 Quality Management System. This section also describes the general process for implementing the standards within an organization. Following on from this, I have used the knowledge gained from the theoretical section within the practical part of the thesis.
The practical part of my work includes a description of the selected organization from several perspectives - it is a focus, organizational structure, customer and supplier portfolio. This section also analyses the current state of the organization and includes a proposal to meet the ISO standards. The final section contains the documents necessary for the implementation of ISO 9001 within the organization, so that the quality management system corresponds to the prescribed standards.
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Electronic auction in healthcare
Vyoral, Marek ; Toth, Štefan (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
Working with the theoretical part focuses on the regulation of electronic auctions in terms of legislation both Czech and foreign, given that we are members of the European Union. Furthermore, the work explains the possible ways to use electronic auctions, which are mostly used in both the Czech Republic and abroad. At work I also am trying to shed light on the current use of auctions on the auction portal Aukro examples, which is widely used by people for personal use. Finally, the theoretical part I try to outline the future development of electronic auctions. The practical part is focused primarily on its activities in the hospital Pardubice Region, Inc. where I introduced the auction. In several examples, visible results, which not only brings centralization entire purchase, but also the use of electronic auctions as a tool for communication and bidding suppliers with the lowest purchase price for a group of hospitals. The work also draws from the Ministry for Regional Development, which is responsible for the preparation of the most important regulations for electronic auctions in healthcare, namely the Public Procurement Act. Electronic auctions are a tool very interesting, because it is the most transparent way of evaluating procurement by parameters rates. Whether if electronic auction in health care and efficient purchase option will be discussed in this work.
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Effect of water deficit on the energy content of individual plant organs in selected species of leafy vegetables
Šimůnková, Petra ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Česká, Jana (referee)
This work presents the impact of water deficit on dry mass production and photosynthetic accumulation of energy on every single plant´s organs of selected plant species. As a chosen experimental material were taken plants of Spinacea oleracea "Matador" sort and Tetragonia tetragonioides.
Spinacea oleracea and Tetragonia tetragonioides plants were grown in containers 11x11cm large in mixture of garden substrate A with silicon sand (2:1) in 2 variations placed in FAPPZ greenhouses. One variation was for control and second was exposed to stress reaction. Control variation had been watered for whole time of experiment with 50ml of water 2 times per week. Stressed one had been watered after puncturing and 6. taking until the end of experiment.
During the plant´s ontogenetic evolution had been monitored dry mass´s weight on singular plant´s organs. With usage of burnt calorimetry method had been monitored capacity of photosynteticaly accumulated energy in dry mass. Quantity of netto energy had been found out by dry burning adiabatic calorimeter LAGEST MS 10A.
From the gained results emerge, that plants of Tetragonia tetragonioides have 2 times higher weight growth apart from Spinacea oleracea. Control plants of Tetragonia tetragonioides have higher weight by 25,5% (123 mg) compared to the plants growing in water deficit. Likewise higher weight of roots had been observed on control plants (41 mg) compared to the stressed plants (40 g). Control spinach plants had higher weight of above-ground biomass by 19,5% compared to the stressed ones (43 mg). Roots of control plants had lower weight compared to stressed variant by 2960 mg.
From the results emerge, that plants of Tetragonia tetragonioides have higher weight of roots dry mass and above-ground biomass compared to the Spinacea oleracea plants.
Burning heat without ashes was on above-ground biomass of control plants Tetragonia tetragonioide on 15,96 kJ.g-1 level and on stressed plants 14,93 kJ.g-1 . In case of Spinacea oleracea plants was amount of control plants energy 14,98 kJ.g-1 and on stressed 14,21 kJ.g-1.
Burnt heat without root ashes of Tetragonia tetragonioides control plants was higher by 1.11 kJ.g-1 then on stressed ones (13,19 kJ.g-1). In case of Spinacea oleracea plants was amount of roots energy on control plants 11,90 kJ.g-1 and on stressed 11,72 kJ.g-1 .
Based on measurement were verified differences between species in reaction on water deficit and observed characteristic. From measuring emerged, that Spinacea oleracea plants are more sensitive on effect of water deficit compared to the Tetragonia tetragonioides
plants, which is more tolerant. Next thing observed is, that there are differences in amount of dry mass and rate of burnt heat in relation on effect of water deficit.
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