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Rabies monitoring in the Czech republic
MAROUSKOVÁ, Pavlína
Rabies is a serious viral disease affecting the nervous system. Rabies has not been present in the Czech Republic since 2002, but monitoring is still ongoing. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to evaluate the monitoring of rabies in our territory, the number of people bitten by a dog and to assess people's awareness of this disease through a questionnaire survey. In the monitored period 2004-2019, a total of 88,943 animals were examined for rabies. The most frequently examined species was the common fox (90 %). The smallest share (0,3 %) was formed by bats. A survey of the number of people bitten by a dog revealed that in the observed period 2010-2018, more than one million people in our territory were bitten by a dog. In total, 231 respondents took part in the questionnaire survey. Most of them (79 %) knew what rabies was, what the typical clinical symptoms were (90 %) and also that the main routes of infection were biting (99 %) or scratching (97 %) by a sick animal. Although people seem to be sufficiently aware of rabies, there is a need to raise awareness about this dangerous disease.
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Tunneling nanotubes and life cycles of viruses
Lišková, Jitka ; Horníková, Lenka (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
Tunneling nanotubes are a specific type of an intercellular junctions. These structures are thin long protrusions of cellular membrane containing mainly F-actin and form connections between the cells. These structures facilitate intercellular transport and the cargo transported by tunneling nanotubes is very variable - from cellular organelles to ions and proteins. Moreover, intracellular pathogens, like bacteria and viruses can use these structures to spread in the organism. Transport of the whole virions or viral proteins mediated by tunneling nanotubes was described for several families of enveloped viruses, e.g. Retroviruses, Herpesviruses or Ortomyxoviruses. Viruses from these families use nanotubes to spread their own viral progeny to uninfected cells and this type of transport allows them to escape from control of the host`s immune system.
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Cybercrime in the EU
Molnárová, Martina ; Loutocký, Pavel (referee) ; Stupka, Václav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with cybercrime in the European Union at present time. It begins with a description of the most well-known historical cybercrimes, which has helped to create cybercrime as a separate branch of crime. Subsequently, the work describes the changes that have occurred in the development of cybercrime, describes the practical problems in prosecuting cybercrime and its current trends. At the same time, it outlines the problems that arise in producing adequate statistics. The practical part of the work then describes the basic function of the application, which was created to work for the purpose of providing information on cybercrime and clear mediation of available statistical information.
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Knowledge of Pupils Secondary School in the Area of Selected Zoonoses
Svobodová, Barbora ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
The subject of the dissertation deals with the secondary school pupil's awareness of zoonoses. Zoonoses are the diseases transmited from animals to human beings. Those are one of the topics of biology study currently. The main aim of the dissertation is theoretical definition of the matter in the first place. For knowledge testing have been chosen these four illness: Toxoplasmosis, Lyme boreliossis, Rabies and Creuzfeldt-Jakobo disease. With these chosen illness the main research goal is to provide a comprehensive collection of information about the details such as disease transfer, spread of the disease, disease development, cure and avoidance. The research part of the dissertation tries to find out the extent of knowledge about the chosen kinds of zoonoses among the pupils at specialized secondary schools. As a tool of quantitative research has been used a pupil's didactic test. As based on the evaluated results we may say that the pupil's knowledge at explored schools is relatively satisfactory.
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Fish Herpesviruses
Čečetka, Petr ; Forstová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
Herpetic viruses that attack fish are ones of the most widespread virus pathogens, threatening modern day fish population not only in the wild but also those that are farmed. There are many types of the pathogen, from the ones those do not cause severe diseases to those that are extremly dangerous, spread without any control and caused vast losses in commercial farming and in wild populations. Most of the viruses exhibit increased sensitivity on heat and stress factors, which are the most common reasons of the repeating outbreak of disease. To the best described fis herpesvirus viruses attacking fresh water fishes belong. Nowadays more and more herpetic viruses which attack mainly salt water fis are beeing discovered. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Role of phosphorylation in nuclear import of viral proteins and complexes
Pokorná, Karolína ; Forstová, Jitka (advisor) ; Roučová, Kristina (referee)
Replication of many different viruses occurs in the nucleus of the host cell. These viruses discovered ways how to overcome the nuclear membrane and often use cell transport machinery to transport their proteins and genome into the nucleus. For many viral proteins the timing of their nuclear import in order to secure correct viral replication is important. Regulated nuclear import also allows these proteins to perform several functions depending on their localization. Nuclear import of viral proteins and complexes can be regulated by phosphorylation. Phosphorylation can, for example, modulate affinity of proteins for importins or other cellular proteins. Phosphorylation can also cause conformational change, which can lead to unmasking of localization sequence.
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New diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of inflammatiory cardiomyopathy
Kuchynka, Petr ; Šimek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Krejčí, Jan (referee) ; Gregor, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Inflammatory cardiomyopathy (DCMi) represents a non-familial form of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is crucial for its diagnosis. Aims: To assess the prevalence of DCMi in patients with DCM of unclear origin, to evaluate the significance of serological tests for antibodies against infectious cardiotrophic agents and to analyze the effect of specific therapy guided by EMB results. Methods: EMB was performed in 56 subjects (mean age 52 ± 10 years) with DCM of unclear etiology and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) < 40% with a history of heart failure less than 1 year. EMB samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electron microscopy. Results: Immunohistochemical examination revealed myocardial inflammation in 26 patients (46%), the PCR method detected genome of microbial agents in 32 patients (57%). Electron microscopy showed the presence of particles of microbial agents in 41 patients (73%). Serological blood tests found no IgM antibody positivity against any of the investigated microbial agents. Targeted antibiotic therapy in patients with evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) genome in the EMB led to a reduction in LV size, improvement of LV EF and alleviate symptoms of heart failure. Conclusion: DCMi...
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Role of exosomes and ectosomes in Trichomonas vaginalis virulence
Göblová, Rebeka ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Ditrich, Oleg (referee)
Trichomonas vaginalis is a causative agent of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease with approximately 275 mil new cases annually. Virulence of this parasitic depends on at least four factors: cell shape transformation, cytoadherence, secretion of cysteine proteases, and presence of endosymbionts. Over the past decades, extracellular vesicles appeared being another important player in the host-parasite interaction. It was discovered that T. vaginalis is one of the protists that can shed the extracellular vesicles such as exosomes and ectosomes. These vesicles are possibly involved in host-parasite communications, however limited information is available about their function. To investigate a possible role of exosomes in T. vaginalis virulence, we first selected suitable strain, which is free of endosymbionts (TV 17-2MI). Next we prepared six clones of TV 17-2MI strain to test whether the strain is homogenous concerning the virulence, or there are differences in virulence among individual cells. Mouse intraperitoneal virulence tests revealed that the clones displayed significant differences in virulence level, particularly in abscess formation and mortality of infected animals. Thus, for the first time we demonstrated heterogeneity of cells derived from a single T. vaginalis strain...
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Role of RNA helicases in antiviral defense
Krbušek, David ; Vopálenský, Václav (advisor) ; Janovec, Václav (referee)
Hepatitis C virus is an important human pathogen against which there is no immunization yet. This virus is detected by the immune system of the eukaryotic host cell by pattern recognition receptors of the RLR receptor family, which is part of the innate immune system. These RLR receptors detect the presence of hepatitis C virus and initiate a signaling cascade triggering an antiviral immune response. In this thesis, the role of cytoplasmic PRRs involved in antiviral defense during hepatitis C virus infection of eukaryotic cells has been described and determined. Key words Helicase, RIG-I, MDA5, pattern-recognition receptors, HCV, virus
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Cybercrime: Concept, Detection and Prevention
Tureček, David ; Froehling, Kenneth (referee) ; Ellederová, Eva (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá koncepcí kybernetické kriminality. Začíná popisem historického vývoje kybernetické kriminality a s ní související počítačové technologie. Práce dále uvádí důvody, proč ke kybernetické kriminalitě dochází, a popisuje kybernetickou kriminalitu z praktičtějšího hlediska, přičemž analyzuje různé typy útoků a útočníků včetně názorných příkladů. Teoretická část práce je zakončena kapitolou věnující se prevenci a detekci kybernetických hrozeb. Účelem praktické části je ukázka jednoduchého Denial of Service útoku.
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