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Intake of milk and dairy product at schoolchildren (importace)
DANIELOVÁ, Anna
My thesis concerns milk and dairy products intake by schoolchildren, more precisely, I compare the factual intake of these products by schoolchildren with a recommended daily intake. The theoretical part of my thesis consists of characterizing milk and dairy products as well as describing composition and production of these kind of commodities. Furthermore, in this part, I will deal with the issue of diseases connected to milk intake (low intake, normal intake). For the practical part of my thesis I chose a questionnaire form that consists of two separate parts. The first one is about the intake of milk and dairy products in long term. The second part is focused on the intake of milk and dairy products in one week. In the questionnaire I prepared for the purposes of my thesis there are 50 children involved. Half of them are pupils of Sir Nicholas Winton elementary school in Kunžak whose age ranges between 6 and 12 years. The second half of surveyed children are students of Business school of T. G. Masaryk in Jindřichův Hradec those students are either 15 or 16 years old. Because of accuracy of my results, the questionnaires for pupils of elementary school in Kunžak were filled by children's parents. The research was done in December 2016. After having all the questionnaires returned, I processed the results and described weekly amount of milk and dairy products that the children consume. Afterwards, the results were compared to the recommendation according to the attachment of act n. 150/2005 Sb., o školním stravování. Moreover, I put the intake of milk and dairy products into the program Nutriservis where I focused on the intake of calcium and phosphorus. Those micronutrients are important for children's body and its growth. In the end of my thesis I present my suggestions to take remedial action to the situation discovered in the thesis.
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Sledování kvalitativního a kvantitativního zastoupení vitaminů v masozeleninových přesnídávkách určených pro dětskou vyživu
Solčány, Veronika
This thesis deals with the qualitative and quantitative representation of vitamins in the meat-vegetables based infant food. The work is divided into the theoretical and the experimental part. The theoretical part describes a child nutrition and the vitamins. In the chapters, dealing with vitamins, is a description of particular vitamins, their biological functions in the body, the recommended daily dose and their stability during food processing. These chapters concern fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, D, E and K) and water-soluble vitamins (B-group vitamins and vitamin C) as well. The work deals with nutrition of infants, toddlers and young children under age of 10 years too. For the each age group there is given the daily recommended dose of vitamins. Experimental part deals with the quantification of vitamins (retinol, ascorbic acid, A-tocopherol and B-carotene) by the HPLC analysis in the samples of the meat-vegetables based infant food. The influence of storage time and conditions (exposure to daylight vs storage in the dark) was measured on concetration of the examined vitamins in the samples. The results were statistically analyzed using software Statistica 12 (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, linear regression, p<0,05) and showed, that all monitored vitamins degrades during storage. The concetration of vitamins in the product is also influenced by the storage conditions (the faster degradation of vitamins occurred in samples exposed to daylight).
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Milk and dairy products in alimentation of primary school children
HONZEJKOVÁ, Sára
Milk and milk products are irreplaceable in the children´s nutrition. Substances which milk contains assist children to the proper growth and development. The most important substances are for example proteins or calcium and therefore it´s necessary to feed children with milk. Children consume milk practically since birth. However, milk consumption may be associated with health problems, such as milk allergy or lactose intolerance. In order to increase the consumption of milk was introduced subsidized program "School Milk", which can be used by all kindergartens, primary and secondary schools in the Czech Republic. The research was based on a quantitative approach. The research tool has become a questionnaire given out to three grades of selected elementary school. Research shows that the selected students consume milk in sufficient amounts, especially cow's milk, which has chosen the 93.8% of respondents. It is primarily milk skimmed and not flavoured. Respondents prefer the most milk itself, then yogurt (56.9%), cheese (55.1%) and butter (50.2%), regardless of age or gender. Among the most popular cheeses include semi-hard cheese, which prefers the 82 respondents from a total of 225. Dislikes are then other fermented products such as sour buttermilk, which is preferred only by 7.6% of respondents, or kefir. Some of the products are completely unknown to the pupils. For example sour milk never tasted more than 71% of respondents. In the health effects and milk production pupils have very limited knowledge; especially pupils in lower grades have very limited knowledge. To name at least one important substance for human health was able to do less than half of the respondents. The most commonly mentioned was calcium and protein, and other substances only sporadically. Also knowledge of milk production has proven to be very tricky. A total of 56.9% of respondents said they do not know any dairy. Percentage using a subsidized program "School Milk" is very low. This program uses only 32.9% of pupils, especially in the lower grades. The research showed that 17.3% of students are overweight or obese, especially the girls in the 5th grade.
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Implementation of nutrition education as an opportunity to influence children's eating habits in primary school
Šmídová, Lucie ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Vodáková, Jitka (referee)
This thesis is focused on healthy nutrition and the possibility of influencing the eating habits of pupils at primary school. The first chapter of the theoretical part deals with nutrition of children, proper diet composition, nutritional habits and their formation and also mistakes in nutrition. The second chapter focuses on the education of children of primary school, the area of healthy nutrition in the Core curriculum and health education in the school and its integration into teaching. It continues describing projects which are already operating and promoting healthy eating habits. The practical part presents data on the eating habits of pupils acquired by questionnaire method. The resulting data is processed into graphs with added comments. The last part includes a draft of an own project which supports proper nutritional habits of children. Keywords: healthy nutrition, children's nutrition, eating habits, education to health, primary school
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The influence of nutrition on the incidence of obesity among children aged 10 - 15 years.
Svobodová, Hana ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Markéta , Markéta (referee)
The main aim of this thesis was identify nutritional status, especially the incidence of overweight and obesity among children aged 10 - 15 years and evaluate the qualitative and quantitative aspects of eating, eating habits and regularity of eating in relationship to physical parameters. This research deals with the frequency and type of physical activity, which is also an integral part of a healthy lifestyle. The research was conducted at children´s department in Klaudián´s hospital in Mladá Boleslav, in the presence of person, who was carried out this research. Data collection was carried out by filling questionnaires and real measurements of physical parameters or using data measured in the doctor´s office. Obtained anthropometric data were analyzed by using percentile graphs. Questions regarding eating and physical activities were evaluated separately. It was found that 16,25 % of the 80 examined individuals were overweight and 22,50 % obese. It was found that the BMI and subsequent inclusion in the percentile graphs correlates well with the values of the waist circumference.The link between diet and the prevalence of overweight or obesity was not proven. The most commonly consumed inappropriate nutrition component are sweetened beverage. Half of individuals do physical activity at least 3 times a week. H1 hypothesis, which assumed the prevalence of obesity among examined individuals greater than 13 % was confirmed. It also was confirmed hypothesis H3, which was supposed to sweetened drinks daily drinking less than one third of respondents. Other hypotheses H2 and H4 were rejected.The research confirmed the current trend of increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. At the same time, there was found deficiency in the quality of consumed food and the frequency of physical activity. Nutrition and principles of healthy eating are not the only one cause of this problem, although they have large share on development of overweight and obesity.
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Factors affecting food preferences of primary school pupils
Fourová, Karolína ; Kouřimská, Lenka (advisor) ; Iva, Iva (referee)
In the Czech Republic and the whole world, the global prevalence of overweight children and child obesity is increasing. This situation may result in a continuation overweight or obesity until adulthood and development related diseases, social and psychological discomfort. Overweight in children and adolescents may have a variety of negative consequences, affecting not only quality of life, but also health in adulthood. These include, for example, osteoporosis, diabetes second type, obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, dyslipidemia or metabolic syndrome, but also the psychological aspects. Skipping breakfast or snacks and the overall low frequency of eating is often associated with high consumption of sweetened beverages and foods, high in simple sugars and a large amount of fat, which affects the development of overweight and obesity. The creation of the principles of good eating and lifestyle is depending on lifestyle of the whole family in childhood or adolescence. The environment for eating, which is created by family and school, has positive effect on promoting healthy eating and it can contribute to reducing the obesity epidemic. This study presents evidence on the level of nutrition education for elementary school pupils in the Czech Republic. Confirmation of the hypothesis, which is based on the fact, that absence of breakfast and snacks in children eating habits leads to a higher frequency of purchases of energy-dense foods with inappropriate nutritional composition, should highlight the need for increased intervention in the topic of parent's and children's eating habits. Results should support the importance of regular meals and nutritional balanced home-made snacks in children's eating habits, which could reduce the percentage of overweight and obese children and also the percentage of obese adults in future.
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Milk food at school organizations in the Czech Republic and EU
KLUIBER, Petr
Milk and milk nutrition are an important part of the balanced diet for children. Milk contains proteins, which are easy to absorb and which are necessary for growth, development and the renewal of tissues. The fat contained in milk is a rich source of vitamins and carbohydrates, which are an easily available source of energy. What is more, milk also contains a number of minerals, out of which calcium is assigned the greatest importance. Because of the dangers caused by the insufficient intake of calcium, this fact is being taken in account in school catering. The impact of the school catering on the health and further development of children is considered largely important in all the EU coutries. However, the regulations of school catering are different in each country. These regulations range from non-biding governmental recom-mendations on the size of portions or meals offered to the full restrictions of certain products and the national system of standards, which are to be found for example in the Czech republic, where every school canteen has to follow the standards of the so called "basket of consumer goods". Apart from school catering, there are projects which support the consumption of milk and milk products. The most significant of these projects in the Czech republic is the project School milk. It has been implemented in 1996 and it is run by Laktea company, which restarted the supply of milk and milk products to children in cooperation with schools. The School milk project won the support of the Czech goverment in 1999 and, after joining the EU, the project has started develeping fully. The project School milk can be considered successful and desirable as it started with 426 participating school, but there are 3000 schools involved in it today. Similar projects are running in many other EU countries, where each member country can choose for themselves for which products from the EU list they will get the funding. They also have the opportunity to change their projects depending on their needs. Apart form this, the participating countries can support the project with other resources and can provide the milk for full price, partially subsidized or for free. Equallly, they have the right to change to containt of certain milk components, such as to lower the percentage of fat.
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Vývoj a perspektivy školního stravování v ČR
Podroužková, Lucie
This thesis is focused on food consumption at school, childrens nutrition and related issues. It acquaints the reader with history of school meals, informs on school meal legislation and compares the situation in the Czech Republic with manners in schools abroad. Part of the work deals with nutrition for children of different age groups. The thesis evaluates the current status of eating habits in schools and identifies health problems related to poor eating habits. Furthermore, it introduces available healthy eating programs capable of adjusting both bad eating habits and attitudes to nutrition which appear to be the starting point for reducing increasing overweight, obesity and other health problems.
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The eating habits of children with overweight / obese and normal weight
ŠIMKOVÁ, Simona
The purpose of this bachelor´s thesis titled "Eating habits of overweight/obese and normal body weight children" was to find out how overweight/obese and normal body weight children abide by recommended healthy eating habits. The thesis is divided in two parts, a theoretical and a practical one. In the theoretical part, I describe basic terms regarding healthy eating habits for children. Furthermore, this part includes information about individual diet ingredients, about energy consumption and nutrients in various stages of children's development and about eating throughout the day. It also focuses on the issue of childhood obesity; it briefly covers eating disorders. The practical part focuses on mapping children´s eating habits. During the research, both quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized. The quantitative research was accomplished through a questionnaire on eating and physical activity preferences, where the respondents marked their frequency of various food consumption, how often they carry out certain physical activities, how often they watch television or use a computer. The qualitative research included data on weekly children's diets as well as their drinking regime (amount and kind of drink). The gathered data were evaluated using the Nutriservis professional and Microsoft Excel software. The processed data were interpreted in the form of text, graphs and tables. All the data were processed anonymously. The research sample was made up of 50 randomly selected respondents at 8 - 10 years of age, half of which (25 respondents) had a physiological weight and the other half (25 respondents) were obese/overweight. The respondents were selected based on the willingness of the children and their parents to cooperate. The questionnaires and forms used to record the food intake were distributed in schools in the Tábor district. Several children from Sezimovo Ústí also voluntarily participated. The data were gathered from February to March 2015. In total, 202 forms were distributed, out of which only 68 were used for the research purposes. Using percentile graphs, I evaluated each respondent´s weight based on their sex, height and age. According to the data in the weekly diet record I evaluated the intake of energy, protein, fats, carbohydrates, fiber and their drinking regime. Then I compared the gathered data with reference values for the given sex and age category. Furthermore, I compared the questionnaire answers to the diet record, which were continuously filled in by the respondents into the distributed forms. The research also evaluated regular physical activity, regular television watching and pc using. The gathered and evaluated data resulted in the fact that obese/overweight respondents take in too much energy and all macronutrients. The respondents with normal weight get optimal amount of energy, fats and carbohydrates. Protein intake is excessive even with the children with normal body weight. However, the average fiber intake is insufficient with all respondents. The overweight respondents´ drinking regime mostly consists of sweetened drinks; normal weight respondent's drinking regime mostly consists of non-sweetened drinks. The most significant problem of all overweight respondents was, therefore, excessive intake of sweetened drinks, higher intake of energy, protein, fats, carbohydrates and low intake of fiber. The lack of physical activity also plays a big role. Some respondents have regular physical activity only at school, which is twice a week. Children with physiological weight abide by recommended healthy eating habits more than overweight/obese children, who have significantly excessive intake of energy and individual nutrients, excessive consumption drinks consumption.
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