|
|
Analýza stáda skotu mléčného užitkového typu v podmínkách ekologického zemědělství
VACEK, David
The aim of this thesis was to analyse the situation in the breeding of dairy breed Holstein cattle reared on the farm in the organic farming system. The work was focused on the milk production of dairy cows on reproduction parameters and on the influences affecting these parameters. The followed period included the year 2016. In the evaluation we included 53 heads, dams of Holstein breed and their hybrids. The length of the intervening period was assessed in 43 dams, the average length amounted 428.5 days. The structure of the herd by year of dams' birth formed from 20.75 % dams was born in the year of 2013. At the first calving were dairy cows the entire herd average age 30.4 months. According to the lactation most dairy cows on 2nd lactation, i.e. 24.53 %, at least then 10th lactation, i.e. 1.88 %. The average milk yield per cow per day was greatest in the month of May and 24.5 kg and lowest in the month of November and that of 15.3 kg. The average milk yield per day was 20.96 kg of milk and the annual was 6392.8 kg of milk. The average fat content in milk was 4.03% and the average protein content was 3.36 % in the milk from all the cows. Average number of somatic cells was 152500 in 1 ml of milk and the average total number of microorganisms was 21830 micro-organisms in 1 ml of milk.
|
|
|
Vyhodnocení reprodukční užitkovosti prasnic ve vybraném chovu
Sysel, Jiří
The aim of this thesis was to compare the reproductive performance of sows on two farms within a selected company, which is engaged in breeding pigs. There were observed phenotypic level of selected reproductive parameters, namely the total number of piglets born, number of piglets born alive and number of weaned piglets. These reproductive performance were also compared depending on the order of litters and the length of pregnancy. The evaluation of the results we can say that the best reproduction performance were achieved in 2014 on a farm A, namely 15,00 pcs of all born piglets per litter. Live born and weaned piglets per litter were found most in 2015 on a farm B, namely 12.56 pcs / litter of live born piglets and weaned piglets - 11.67 pcs / litter. In comparison reproductive performance in the sequence of litter in the number of live born piglets were the best third and subsequent litters on the farm A - 14.66 piglets per litter. The most live born piglets were found in the third and subsequent litters on the farm B - 12.58 piglets per litter. The highest number of weaned piglets were found again in third and subsequent litters, namely 11.64 piglets per litter on the farm B. The evaluation of influence of the length of pregnancy on the reproductive performance is obvious that the best results in all parameters was achieved at a length of pregnancy in the interval from 111 to 113 days. All born piglets per litter were found 15.2 pcs / litter on the farm A and live born piglets per litter were the most on the farm B - 12.55 pcs / litter. The most weaned piglets were found on the farm B - 11,70 pcs / litter. Losses of piglets from birth to weaning were recorded at least on the farm A in 2015 - 5.73% of piglets born alive and on the farm B in 2014 - 6.69%. Depending on the order of litter was the best result achieved at the farm and for sows in the second litter, when losses were recorded only 0.09% of piglets born alive. The best result of losses in relation to the length of pregnancy was achieved on farms A 3.24% at the length of pregnancy in the interval from 117 to 119 days
|
|
|
Vliv plemene na množství, složení a vybrané technologické vlastnosti mléka dojnic chovaných v identických podmínkách jedné stáje
Müller, Luboš
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of breed on the amount, composition and technological properties of milk of dairy cows kept in identical conditions on the selected farm. A total of 18 cows was observed, that is six samples of Ayrshire, Fleckvieh and Holstein cattle. The samples of milk were analyzed in the laboratory. The monitored indicators were: the amount of milk per standard lactation (305 days), fat, protein, non-fat dry matter, dry matter and density content, active and titratable acidity, the process and quality of rennet. The results were compared within those three breeds and milk recording for the year 2014/2015. The highest amount of milk produced the Holstein breed 8802 kg, followed by Fleckvieh 7591 kg and Ayrshire breed 7097 kg. The best parameters for technological use has the Czech Pied cattle milk. The Holstein and Ayrshire milk results were at the similar level. Fleckvieh cows showed the highest content of milk components and Holstein cows the higher protein content 3,21 % com-pared to Ayrshire. The Ayrshire cows produced milk with higher fat content 4,23 %. In kilograms of milk milked cows surpassed Fleckvieh about 451 kg of Ayrshire cattle and about 115 kg the national average. Holstein dairy cows produced about 744 kg of milk less than the national average. All three breed on the farm had higher fat content and lower protein content than the national average.
|
|
|
Studium účinků směsi esenciálních olejů ve výživě dojnic
Vojkovský, Jiří
The aim of this diploma thesis was evaulating addition of mixture of essential oils into the diet of high yielding cows and its affect on their performance. Cows were divided into 2 groups (P a K), 18 cows in each group. Both groups were fed by the same diet, the only difference was another kind of premin. The diet of group P inclueded mixture of essential oils with dose 1,2 g per cow per day. During the 100 days lasting expe-riment, dry matter intake, milk yield, milk components, rumen fluid and blood composi-tion were monitored. The results were processed and statistically evaluated. The results show conclusive decrease (P < 0,05) of dry matter intake in group P by 0,83 kg.day-1 (3,22 %). The most economic impact is conclusive decrease (P < 0,05) of milk yield in average of 3,72 kg (8,8 %) per cow per day. Simultaneously there was a decrease in milk fat concentration of 12,17 %. On the other hand, the concentration of milk protein was slightly increased in group P.
|
|
|
Analýza užitkových vlastností ve vybraném chovu prasat
Odstrčilová, Marie
Goal of this work was to analyse performance on specific farm. For this evaluation we chose a period since 2011 to 2015. Data were later compared acording to years and quarters. Production and reproduction indicators were evaluated. In reproduction indicators were analysed succes of insemination and number of piglets, specifically, number of all born piglets, number of alive and stilborn piglets, and number of bred piglets. During evaluation of insemination succes we concluded, that, the best performance was achieved in 2015, when 84,9% of inseminated females were gravid. We also concluded that gilts and swines get pregnant better at autumn. When we evaluated litters, it was concluded, that that in 2014 swines had 15,23 born piglets in average. With production indicators we found out, that in 2013 there were the biggest average daily agains (0,465 kg). The largest agains were recorded in the winter. The smallest perishing rate was in 2012 where 1,76% perished in average. In fattening, the smallest daily gain happened in 2013 (0,872 kg). The smallest intake of feed was in 2011 when we recorded 2,695 kilograms of feed per kilogram of gain.
|
|
|
Realizace programu uchování přeštického černostrakatého plemene prasat
PROVAZNÍKOVÁ, Alena
The aim of the thesis was to capture trends in population of Prestice Black Pied breed. In the literature section there was described formation and regeneration of breed characteristics and typical features of Prestice Black Pied breed, breed performance, the structure of the breeding base and the expected utilization and marketing. In own work there were described changes in the breeding base, which were in western Bohemia and moved to other places in the country. The largest companies that breed Prestice Black Pied breed are the ZD Mladotice and Žihelský statek SpA, located in the Plzeň region and Zemet Ltd. Tečovice, based in Zlin region and Chovservis Inc. Radostov breeding, based in Hradec Kralove region. In 2013 it was bred 348 sows, in 2014 404 sows, 2015 sows and 413 in 2016, 369 sows. Furthermore, the age structure was evaluated in basic herd of sows. The farmers had the most sows in the first and second litter, compared to that of the fifth litter sows had a few breeders. The requirement for longevity therefore not been complied with. The results of performance tests were evaluated reproductive performance of sows of basic herd in collections (the number of all born piglets, the number of live born piglets, the number of surviving piglets and milkiness). The average value of a breeding population did not meet the target. Some companies, however, had excellent results, especially ZD Mladotice and Zemet Ltd. Tečovice. In field tests were evaluated gain, the percentage of lean meat and backfat thickness. Breeding goal was achieved with values backfat thickness and percentage of lean meat. Gilts had lower gain than required by breeding goal. The gain for young boars has been in 2013 and 2016 higher than the required target and breeding in 2014 and 2015 below the required target. There were also evaluated linear track sires in breeding. It was found that, of the 10 extant lines has long represented the biggest line Wiskont and least represented of the Sudet line. The entire work was focused on monitoring results of individual breeders and their comparison with the breeding goal for Prestice Black Pied breed. Furthermore, the evaluation of the quality of semen of boars Prestice Black Pied breed, operating in the artificial insemination center in Kout Na Šumavě. All boars met the minimum parameters.
|
|
|
Vliv kvality a zpracování siláží a senáží na mléčnou užitkovost dojnic ve vazném ustájení
VŠETEČKA, Miroslav
Milk yield of dairy cows is mainly determined by their nutrition and state of health. Dairy cows turn roughage into milk the most effectively. The assessment of the level of nutrition and the processing of silage and haylage was performed in operating conditions. Quality of roughage, technique of nutrition and its influence on milk yield in stanchion-tied stable were assessed. Data were observed over a peri-od of 3 years (2012 2015). The observation included Czech Fleckvieh Breed and Holstein Breed. Average daily yield data were monitored with all dairy cows, which were in lactation period during the observation. The gained data were entered into diagrams and charts and evaluated. The highest performance results have been achieved in 2015, the lowest performance results have been achieved in 2013.
|
|
|
The occurrence of domestic and wild forms of the camels in the old world and their economic use
Burgerová, Michaela ; Gardiánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
Genus camel (Camelus) includes two species, the Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) and Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). Camels have a wide range of utilization. People in Arabia countries but also in India and Egypt are using camels as a milk and meat animal, or even as a transport and companion animals and riding animals too. The aim of this thesis was to find sources about camel keeping and using and his role of farm animal in different cultures and countries. And about conditions and requirements in captivity. The first part of thesis contains information about phylogeny and origin of the camel family, taxonomy of camels, short information about the history of domestication and using of camels. There are also described the two species in terms of species biology etc. plus a brief mention of camel hybrids and camel breeds. The second part focuses on the use of camels. The preffered and most common use is in the production of milk, other dairy products from camel milk, fermentation of milk. Another use is for meat performance, meat composition, describes products. His utilization i also useful for other parts such as hair wool and mane, they come mainly from bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). The last is working utilization of camels, carrying baggage. Then hobby use. The thesis describes the conditions of keeping camels in captivity, keeping camels in Somalia, requirements for the supply of water and food, housing conditions in the Czech Republic, it is particularly widespread keeping camels in zoos. In Czech Republic they are small private camel breeders. For comparison they are conditions for keeping camels in captivity in Australia.
|
|
|
The effect of age and gender on performance and carcass parameters of nutrias
Bubeník, Tomáš ; Tůmová, Eva (advisor) ; Zdeněk, Zdeněk (referee)
In the thesis we aimed on data connected with slaughter analysis of the body, carcass yield,
feed conversion and content of chemicals, including pH of thighs and loin. In the experiment,
we used standard nutrias which have been weaned at the second month of age. There were 90
nutrias in the experiment. Nutrias were fed with complete feed mix - made by Kooperace
Hrotovice created by CLUS in Prague utility model UV 24096, ad libitum. Nutrias were
weighted every 28 days. At the age of 6, 7, and 8 months, 6 females and 6 males were chosen
and slaughtered. Results were analysed by variation of analysis, ANOVA method and with age
and sex interactions. We have used value P <= 0,05 as statistical significant difference. As a result, we have found out that males grew significantly (P <= 0,05) faster than females. The
highest feed conversion was recorded at 4th month of the experiment. Influence of age on the
weight of carcass without a head and organs was observed (P <= 0,029), carcass weight of
males increased significantly (P <= 0,001). Fat percentage was influenced by both sex
(P <= 0,001) and age (P <= 0,001). It loin part weight decreased with growing age (P <= 0,001),
and was significant (P <= 0,029).according to sex with lower decreasing in males. For the loin
percentage, there was recorded interaction of sex and age (P <= 0,038) and was affected by age
(P <= 0,007) and sex (P <= 0,007) as well. Decrease was significantly faster in females. The pH
values of loin and thighs were growing with age (P <= 0,001) and were influenced by sex as
well, for loin (P <= 0,013) and thighs (P <= 0,016). For proteins we have recorded significant
interaction of sex and age (P <= 0,009). Fat content was higher in females (P <= 0,009).
Conclusion of the thesis showed, that nutrias can be slaughtered in the age of six months,
without a negative on effect meat quality. Males are better in carcass yield, higher protein
content and lower fat percentage, in comparison of same age of females.
|
|
|
Comparison of fertility and yield of Suffolk sheeps in the Czech Republic with some foreign Suffolk sheeps managements
Černá, Michaela ; Kracíková, Olga (advisor) ; Valníčková, Barbora (referee)
Suffolk breed is the English hornless breed which belongs to the breed of meat yield. Typical features are excellent maternal qualities, good milkiness of ewes and fertility, less fertile period (lambing mostly in winter and spring) and good adaptability to different climatic conditions and breeding conditions. The breed is characterized by a black outer coat on the face of the head and lower part of legs, wool is short, white, semi-fine.
Suffolk breed is characterized by high fertility throughout the production period ewes. Season, age, interval among lambing, body weight and body conditions score, nutrition, genetics, breeding and heat stress belong to the factors affecting fertility. When we compare fertility sheep breed Suffolk in the Czech Republic and Slovakia we achieved a higher number of ewes, improved fertility and fertilization. On the contrary, Slovakia has achieved better results in fertility at lambing ewe. It was also achieved in Canada in comparison with our republic.
It is a major prerequisite of the production of heavy great muscled slaughter lambs with very good quality meat at meat production. Meat production is influenced by hormones, nutrition, gender, influence year and month of lambing, ewes age, litter size on the dependent variable. The values are not very different when meat production in Suffolk breed is evaluated in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In spite of it, the Czech Republic achieves better results in weight of lambs at 100 days and the average daily gain. If we evaluate the difference between meat production in Canada and the Czech Republic in selected parameters such as birth weight of lambs, weight of lambs at 100 days of age and avarage daily gain, Canada clearly has much better results. The main cause is a different type of breed.
Increase fertility and meat production can be achieved mainly by improving reproduction and production indicators.
|
guest ::
