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An effect of cold showers on the psychological well-being
SCHWACHOVÁ, Nikola
Cold exposure activates the sympathetic nervous system and increases the concentration of beta-endorphin and noradrenaline in the blood, thus contributing to overall well-being. The aim of this thesis is to collect data of a selected sample of the population about their well-being and at the same time-frequency of hardening and find out the possible connection. 39 students from the Pedagogical Faculty of the University of South Bohemia participated in the study of hardening in the age range 19 - 25 years. The probands were divided into experimental and control groups. For about 3 months, 26 probands were hardened by cold showers. Data on the structure of the mental status of probands were obtained using the SUPOS questionnaire before and after the hardening period. Based on this analysis, it was found, that the experimental group showed a higher degree of well-being, with a simultaneous decline in impulsiveness, psychological unrest and anxiety expectations and fears, but statistically inconclusive. The positive influence of hardening of the organism on human well-being cannot be confirmed by the conclusion of this thesis.
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Local Control of Seat Ventilation and Its Impact on Human Thermal Comfort
Matuška, Jaroslav ; Toma, Róbert (referee) ; Fišer, Jan (advisor)
Diplomová práce je zaměřena na měření ventilovaného sedadla s ohledem na tepelný komfort člověka. Popisuje a shrnuje tepelný přenos lidského těla s okolím a termoregulaci člověka. Dále zachycuje a zhodnocuje vybrané přístupy hodnocení tepelného komfortu. Zabývá se komplexním přehledem tepelně komfortních jednotek v automobilu. Představuje použitou metodu měření tepelného komfortu u ventilovaného sedadla, načež analyzuje a vyhodnocuje jednotlivá získaná data.
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Thermoregulation in ant genus Formica, an individual vs. colony conflict
Kadochová, Štěpánka ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Dauber, Jens (referee) ; Domisch, Timo (referee)
This thesis deals with thermoregulation in red wood ants, in Formica rufa group. Our aim was to better understand the mechanisms by which red wood ants maintain thermal homeostasis in their nests. Red wood ants are known to keep high and stable temperatures in their nests from spring to autumn. Most emphasis is placed on the role of the nest mound as a solar collector or on a heat production by microbial community present in the nest material. However, some researchers believe that wood ants are able of active nest thermoregulation in which they can affect the nest temperature by behavioural reactions, mainly by sun basking, increased metabolic heat production or heat transport. The thesis consists of three research articles. The first one is focused on the timing of thermoregulation in red wood ants, the second one investigates in more detail one specific aspect of red wood ant thermoregulation - a sun basking behaviour. These two papers provide data from long-term field observations and experiments. The last paper is based on laboratory experiments where we tested a hypothesis resulting from field observations. Thanks to the field research we found out that ant activity (traffic on ant trails) significantly correlates with nest temperature; once the activity decreased the thermal homeostasis...
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Monitoring body temperature and using thermometers in standard departments
HALAMOVÁ, Veronika
Monitoring physiological functions is one of the basic parts of health care. At the moment there is an infinite number of possibilities how to measure body temperature in an effective, fast and non-invasive way. However, if the tools are not used correctly, there is a high possibility that mistakes will occur during measuring and therefore the patient's general state will be distorted. That is why each department has standards of nursing care which need to be followed. Due to EU regulations thermometers with mercury, which are considered the most accurate concerning the non-invasive way of measuring the body temperature, have been eliminated. For research purposes we used quantitative method based on a non-standard questionnaire for nurses working in surgery departments and on an experiment using three kinds of thermometers for carrying out individual patients measurements. The research showed that the most acceptable thermometer for measuring body temperature for nurses is the infrared contactless thermometer, even though many of them are aware that these thermometers can be inaccurate and the measured data distorted. The experiment clearly shows that there is an obvious difference between individual measurements. The results of this research could be beneficial for hospital managements, in particular as a guide when buying thermometers for individual departments. In this way they could ensure the most accurate measurements of body temperature resulting in discovering an incipient infection.
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Evaporative water loss in terrestrial vertebrates
Demešová, Jana ; Starostová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vohralík, Vladimír (referee)
Evaporative water loss affects physiology, ecology and evolution of individual organisms. This wok summarizes the knowledge about water loss in main groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In addition to physiological processes, it also follows evolutionary trends through adaptations created as a barrier against the water loss or as a method of cooling by evaporation. From an ecological point of view, it examines whether these adaptations have enabled some of them to inhabit extreme habitats. The topic of water loss by evaporation interferes with other topics such as thermoregulation or metabolism. Key words: evaporation, water loss, aridity, thermoregulation, metabolism, vertebrate
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Metabolic costs of reproduction in vertebrates, particularly in reptiles
Kukačková, Dominika ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Hořák, David (referee)
Animal reproduction involves energy expenditures for gamete formation, support of offspring development, and associated behavioural changes. Due to high variability in reproductive traits, reptiles are the ideal study group for this field. Investment in reproductive organs and gametes represent costs of sex products production. The next phase of reproduction is gestation, when females support their developing offspring, which results in additional metabolic costs. Metabolism of pregnant female can be viewed as a sum of resting metabolism, which is the same as in non-pregnant animal, of increased metabolism to support pregnancy, and of embryonic metabolism. Separation of each component is crucial for assessing energy costs of reproduction and for comparison of different reproductive strategies. Certain behavioural changes during reproduction can influence total energy balance as well. These changes include increased locomotion costs or shifts in the thermoregulatory behaviour. Estimation of the real costs of reproduction is a complex matter since a reproduction is a very dynamic process and there are many issues that influence the overall energy consumption of reproducing individuals.
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Locomotion, thermoregulation and growth factors in lower limb proportions in human evolution
Čerevková, Simona ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hora, Martin (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to introduce the influence of locomotion, climate, environment and growth factors on lower limb proportions in the context of human evolution. In this work, we examine the manner of locomotion in relation to morphology and lower limb proportions in early hominins (Orrorin, Ardipithecus), australopithecines and the Plio-Pleistocene representatives of the genus Homo. Furthermore, we mention findings about the energetic costs of bipedal locomotion of the Neanderthals and anatomically modern human. An influence of climate and environment on crural index values of past and present human populations was observed. We also show an impact of growth factors on human body parameters using examples related to secular trend, the effect of craniocaudal gradient and subsistence strategy. The thesis was enhanced with a practical part focussed on intersexual variability of the most distal part of lower limb skeleton. The results showed that there was not a significant difference in relative metatarsal lengths between men and women. Key words: locomotion, thermoregulation, climate, lower limb proportions, hominins, Neanderthals, anatomically modern human
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Termoregulace lesních mravenců r. Formica na výškovém gradientu
Kadochová, Štěpánka ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Véle, Adam (referee)
This study examines thermoregulation behavior of wood ant genus Formica on elevation gradient. Two years long dataloger records of inner nest and ambient temperature were combined with detailed spring-summer manual measurement of nest temperature in different depths below nest surface. Results show that inner nest temperature was higher than air temperature in all seasons. Temperature of ant nest is highest in the deepest layer, the heat flows from inside out. We can assume that thermal homeostasis of ant nest in spring and summer i.e. in period of ant highest activity is influenced mainly by inner heat sources - microbial activity and ant metabolism. Insulation seems to have direct effect on nest temperature only in early spring; in summer insulation affects nest temperature indirectly, via ant activity. In winter there is pronounced effect of nest volume which corresponds high isolative properties of nest material. Our results indicate that thermoregulatory behavior of wood ants is driven by endogenous factors, namely colony needs in sense of queen oviposition brood development. Both of these require high temperature. Nests at variable altitude did not differ in average seasonal temperature or seasonal temperature fluctuation. Variability of nest temperature was bigger among nests from one...
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Extension of Intelligent Home by Thermoregulation Control
Köszegy, Lukáš ; Hájek, Josef (referee) ; Viktorin, Jan (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the integration of the heat regulator VPT made by the company Thermona into the system for intelligent home control called BeeeOn. In the theoretical part, the most specific components of BeeeOn system and heat regulator VPT are described. The most important part of this thesis consists of the design and implementation. It focuses on gather values measured by the VPT regulator by means of the HTTP protocol. The measured values are provided in a separate JSON data file. In these parts there are also described the necessary elements, which have to be integrated into the BeeeOn system and VPT regulator.
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The temperature as a nursing problem
RAIŠLOVÁ, Jitka
This Bachelor's thesis deals with treating care of the people diseased with fever. At the beginning of the theoretical part, the term thermoregulation is defined and thermoregulatory systems are described. The following part contains description of body temperature and activities of a nurse during taking body temperature. In brief, accessible thermometers and sensors are also mentioned. In the most extensive part, there is described the term fever, causes of fever, clinical record, physiological impacts of fever, types of fever, diagnostics and possible methods of decreasing body temperature. Then there is mentioned treating care of the people diseased with fever and there are described activities of a nurse during the treating care. Two goals have been determined to fulfil the main purpose of this thesis. The goal number 1: To find out which treating techniques are the most frequent during treating a fever patient. The goal number 2: To find out which problems are the most frequent during treating a fever patient. There have also been determined two research questions. The research question number 1: Which treating techniques are the most frequent during treating a fever patient? The research question number 2: Which problems are the most frequent during treating a fever patient? The practical part of this thesis contains results of a qualitative research based on an in-depth partly structured interview. The interviewed persons were nurses from several medical facilities in Pilsen Region. There were spoken twenty nurses meeting the criterion. The criterion was their work at Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation Department, Intensive Care Unit, Surgery or Department of Internal Medicine. Using the method of Open Coding, the nurses were given the numbers. All the lines containing the nurses' answers were given the numbers to enable to refer to them later. Using the method "paper and pencil", all the important information was labelled. Then using the technique "reading the cards", all obtained data were sorted to four categories. There were also made subcategories. And the main categories were made to schemes. Using the research, both the research questions were answered. The nurses stated main treating procedures using during treating care of the people diseased with fever. They have good general knowledge about problems during treating a fever patient. All the nurses have already met a fever patient at work. They know causes of fever which they can meet at work. They stated wide range of symptoms and complications related to fever. During treating a patient, they always follow doctors' orders and make treating interventions. It is clear from the results that treating procedures differ partly according to the type of medical facility and also according to work at an intensive care or a standard department. Intensive Care Unit and Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation Department are better equipped and have more staffs for high-quality treating care. But also standard departments provide quality treating care according to the research. According to the results of the research, the nurses generally demonstrated their knowledge related to treating care of the people diseased with fever. They have also general knowledge about problems during treating a fever patient. Nevertheless, there are also possibilities how to enlarge theoretical knowledge and practical experience. On the basis of theoretical study of fever, treating care of the people diseased with fever, specifics during treating and evaluation of the research, there was made the handbook "Treating care of the people diseased with fever", which is enclosed as an appendix (the appendix number 6). The Bachelor's thesis can be also used as an information material for nurses in medical facilities, who meet the people diseased with fever at work.
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