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Population biology and evolutionary genetics of southern right whale (Eubalaena australis)
Nevečeřalová, Petra ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Galov, Ana (referee) ; Robovský, Jan (referee)
Southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) is a species from the Balaenidae family with a range in the southern hemisphere, which evolved in connection with Neogene climate oscillations. Its population biology involves migration between coastal waters of South America, southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand to its high-latitude foraging and feeding grounds in the Southern Ocean. Intensive historical hunting from the 18th to 19th century has impacted the population dynamics of baleen whales substantially. After the whaling moratorium, the species has been recovering from the heavy exploitation, however, recently it is facing anthropogenic changes, such as climate change. The South African population, considered to be the largest one globally and intensively studied for the last several decades, is showing an increase in the calving interval, a decline in female condition and a dramatic shift in migration routes since 2010, possibly as a consequence of significant changes in marine food webs. Methods of molecular ecology were applied to monitor the population genetics and its dynamics not only in the context of the global population but also to compare different time periods - 1990s and 2010s. The majority of the samples were collected noninvasively in cooperation with commercial whale-watching...
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Pesticide impacts on farmland bird populations
Kutzendőrferová, Adéla ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Grünwald, Jan (referee)
Pesticides are problematic chemicals that are found in a variety of environments. These substances tend to accumulate in living organisms, where they decomposite very slowly and can have a negative impact on bird populations. This is why some chemicals are still detected in these environments today, even years after their use has been banned, and may continue to affect organisms. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to conduct a literature search on the impact of pesticides on farmland bird populations. The first part of the thesis focuses on pesticides, their history, their division into different systems and their effects. The second part of the thesis then discusses the overall effects of pesticide use on farmland bird populations, particularly on breeding success and abundance. In this part, several studies have been collected that confirm the negative effect of pesticides on bird abundance, but not all of these studies are representative of real situations in the landscape. Finally, the paper assesses the overall role of pesticides in the observed bird declines and also presents suggestions to address the current negative trends. The thesis points to the need for expanded research studies that reflect actual conditions in agricultural landscapes to reveal the true extent of the effects of these...
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Knowledge of a selected group of the population in the Karlovy Vary region about behavior during emergencies
Ernestová, Agnes ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
The content of this thesis deals with emergency situations and behavior during their occurrence. The main objective was to investigate the awareness of the population of the Karlovy Vary region regarding behavior during emergency situations. This knowledge was verified by a questionnaire survey, which also tested the theoretical knowledge of the population in this field. Based on the results obtained from the questionnaire, a proposal for a possible two-hour seminar was created to supplement the missing knowledge and strengthen the existing one. The theoretical part is focused on the definition of an emergency event and its classification according to the method of occurrence. The issue of civilian protection is also addressed, including the evacuation of civilians, warning of the population, evacuation bags, and improvised means of protection. The reader will also learn what a crisis situation is and how to distinguish between its types. The basic components of the integrated rescue system and their tasks are listed here as well. The last chapter covers selected emergency events and recommendations on how to behave during them. The practical part is devoted to the research survey itself. The results were evaluated from 142 questionnaires from residents of the Karlovy Vary region. The condition for...
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Demografický vývoj v Íránu a jeho socioekonomické podmíněnosti
Kudrna, Radek
Kudrna R. Demographic development in Iran and its socio-economic conditions. Brno, 2022. Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies. The bachelor thesis deals with the demographic development of Iran and its socio - economic conditions. The aim of this work is to map the most important socio-economic and cultural conditions of Iran's fertility development from the second half of the 20th century to the present. The work also deals with the future socio-economic outlook and impacts based on established population policies. The theoretical part presents the definition of the demographic transition in the Middle East and the definition of population policies, supplemented by examples of good or bad practice. The practical part is developed using the obtained data and their calculations, evaluation of population policies within time periods and their impacts, as well as deduction of the future socio-economic perspective.
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Tesařík alpský (\kur{Rosalia alpina}) v Ralské pahorkatině
KOVÁŘOVÁ, Pavlína
The Rosalia longicorn (Rosalia alpina; Linnaeus, 1758) is a protected saproxylic (deadwood-depending) beetle species. Thanks to its attractive colouring, it acts as an umbrella species important for biodiversity conservation. The beetle has disappeared from many places in the Czech Republic, with one of the last populations surviving in the Ralska upland. Using the capture-mark-recapture method, I estimated the local population size, and mobility of the species, and related the results to the data obtained in previous years. The outcome will support more efficient conservation strategies targeted at this species in the Ralska upland.
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Risk analysis in relation to the civil protection of the City of Tábor
ŽILINČÍK, Jakub
The thesis deals with risk analysis in the city of Tábor. The first goal of this work was to identify the most serious anthropogenic and naturogenic risks in the city of Tábor and their subsequent analysis. The second goal was to create a risk analysis from the perspective of the population and subsequent comparison with the city's own risk analysis. To achieve these goals, multiple risk analysis methods have been used to examine the issue from multiple angles. One of the ways to identify the most serious anthropogenic and naturogenic risks in the city of Tábor was a questionnaire survey, which included a semi-quantitative "PNH" method, which the respondents had to fill out. The research group consisted of 1024 respondents from the city of Tábor. Within the questionnaire survey, it was found that 34.1% of the inhabitants of the cadastral area of the city of Tábor have experience with fire or explosion in buildings and industry. Another note that is worth noting is the fact that 10.5% of the research group has encountered a life-threatening event in their lifetime, yet in a semi-quantitative analysis from the point of view of the population, the level of risk for this event was moderate. On the contrary, in the author's semi-quantitative risk analysis, the risk of leakage of a dangerous substance was classified as an undesirable risk. In response to the output of the multicriteria analysis and semi-quantitative analysis, the ammonia and chlorine leakage was modeled using TerEx software. The findings presented in this thesis are intended for the general public, mainly for the inhabitants of Tábor, who want to learn something about the risks occurring in their area of residence.
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Clinical significance of the rs4646994 polymorphism in the ACE gene
BÍCHOVÁ, Simona
The present bachelor thesis deals, as it is obvious from the title, with one particular polymorphism rs4646994 in the ACE gene and its clinical significance. The ACE gene, consisting of 26 exons, is localized on chromosome 17q23 and its name ACE stands for angiotensin converting enzyme. This enzyme is capable of breaking down proteins and is part of the renin-angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure and fluid and salt balance in the body. The principle is to split a protein called angiotensin I into angiotensin II. This then causes the blood vessels to narrow (constrict), leading to an increase in blood pressure. This protein also stimulates the production of the hormone aldosterone, which triggers the absorption of salts and water by the kidneys. The increased amount of fluid in the body subsequently increases blood pressure. In addition, angiotensin II may also play a role in kidney development. The selected ACE rs4646994 polymorphism is of great interest in terms of various diseases (e.g. COVID-19, nephropathy in diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary syndrome, etc.) It may also play an important role in Alzheimer's disease, which is the focus of the practical part of this bachelor thesis. The investigation of the rs4646994 polymorphism in the ACE gene was carried out in a selected group of 61 patients with a diagnosis of dementia by end-point PCR. The data obtained were then statistically processed and compared with a control group of patients without a diagnosis of dementia. The results were then compared with available scientific publications.
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Distribution and abundance of wintering and breeding population of Mute Swan (\kur{Cygnus olor}) in the South Bohemia region
HNÍDKOVÁ, Lucie
This work evaluates quantity of the mute swan (Cygnus olor) in wintering grounds and nesting sites in southern Bohemia. The mute swan became the target species of the JOK 2020 Bird of the Year campaign. The aim of mapping the mute swan population in 2020 was to identify as much of its South Bohemian nesting and wintering population as possible. The census followed similar projects from previous years and it took place in a total of four terms. The most important of them was the third term, which involved the nesting and leading of the young swans. A total of 1358 locations were inspected. In the first term, i.e., during the count in wintering grounds, 387 swans were recorded in 184 locations. During nesting, i.e., in the second and third terms, a total of 1230 locations were inspected, of which 368 (29.92 %) were occupied. There were 162 nesting pairs in 159 locations. In the third term separately, a total of 1003 locations were inspected, 1563 individuals at 221 locations were recorded, 96 pairs with a total of 434 young were present. During the August after-nesting count, 666 locations were inspected, and 1284 swans were recorded at 122 locations. Nesting swans most often occurred in habitats with vegetation area over 25 %.
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Regionální diferenciace populačního vývoje ve Středočeském kraji: historickogeografická analýza.
RADA, Michal
The masters thesis deals with the formation of regional differentiation of population development in the Central Bohemia Region. It is a historical-geographic analysis. The preface (chapter 1) defines the object of this work, also it respects presumptions and conditions in accordence with intention of this path. As well it explains the structure and general notion of the work. The discution with literature (chapter 2) deals with already published vocational literature. Third chapter includes theoretic outline of the problem observed. Here are emphasized current trends, but older thoughts are outlined. It also includes terminology related to solved problems. Chapter 4 describes the conditions and determinants that have affected the population development of the Central Bohemia Region. From several perspectives: physical-geographic, socio-economic and taking into account historical aspects. It follows the development of the population of the region in the context of the Czech Republic (5). The following chapter (6) contains an analysis of the regional differentiation of population development. The analysis is based on the study of the influence of partial determinants (railway, administrative function of the seat or hierarchical position of the seat). The seventh chapter contains a synthesis of knowledge, a categorization of regions and a description of the main determinants that contributed to the population development in the region. It also touches the influence of Prague on the area of Central Bohemia. The last chapter (8) summarizes the conclusion.
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