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Language skills development of pupils from language disadvantaged background realised in primary science education
Štěpán, Cyril ; Stará, Jana (advisor) ; Poche Kargerová, Jana (referee)
Diploma thesis - Cyril Štěpán Abstract In the theoretical part of my thesis, I first aim to outline the particular language problems of children brought up in a socially disadvantaged background. I attempt to describe what actually is "social disadvantage" and what are its specifics. Moreover, I deal with the particularity of development of children in such background and with the imapact on communication skills of these children when they enter nursery or elementary school. In the second chapter of my thesis, I write about langugage and communication barriers of children with different mother tongue. I describe and explain the term "different mother tongue". Then I pursue the statistics on pupils foreigners in czech schools and their categorisation to discover the most represented foreign languages in czech schools. I furthermore describe these languages (Slavic language group and Vietnamese) and I point out those linguistic differences of these languages when compared to the czech language that are the most crucial ones in the process of learning czech. In the last chapter of the theoretical part of my thesis, I write about school inclusion of these pupils. I first try to define the term inclusion only to later come up with concrete strategies and possibilities of inclusion of these pupils in czech...
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The Science in Intended Curriculum and Framework Documents in Selected Countries
Holec, Jakub ; Dvořák, Dominik (advisor) ; Knecht, Petr (referee) ; Žák, Vojtěch (referee)
The main aim of this study is to enrich the discourse on developing an intended form of the science curriculum in different country contexts. A multi-case study research design uses methods of content and comparative analysis to find answers to the research questions. The empirical part of the thesis consists of single case studies of England, Finland, Scotland and the United States of America containing contexts of the current curriculum development, description and interpretation of analysed structural and content phenomena in the curriculum of primary (ISCED 1) and secondary education (ISCED 2). Based on the single case studies of curricula, a comparative multi-case study is conducted, which focuses on the identification and interpretation of common and different features in the structure and content of the curricula to be compared. The studied documents can be divided into competency- oriented and subject-oriented curricula, nevertheless, each curriculum contains elements of both approaches. The subject content of the contemporary curricula seems to be more elaborated or at least more detailed than in documents of the previous decade. It is possible that even in the field of curriculum development there is political influence of neoconservative forces or an intellectual influence of so-called...
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Comparison of the Integrated and Separated Approaches to the Natural Science Education at the ISCED 2 Level of Education in the Czech Republic and the Kingdom of Norway
Vožehová, Lucie ; Jedličková, Tereza (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
The present diploma thesis compares integrated education of natural science in the Norwegian Kingdom and education in the Czech Republic where natural science education is divided into a few separate subjects on the ISCED 2 educational level. The thesis summarises these two different approaches to science education, compares curricular documents and approaches to science teachers' education in the Czech Republic and the Kingdom of Norway. The main objective of this work is to find the impact the different concept of science education has on a teacher's ability to answer students' complex questions integrating knowledge from different science subjects. To meet this objective, I chose to use qualitative research in which teachers were asked open-ended questions as part of a structured interview. The outcome of the research was that there are some differences in how the complex questions are answered based on the different approaches to science education. In many cases, however, the answers varied depending on the teacher. The research also discovered personal preferences of science teachers on the ISCED 2 level of education. Also, the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches are, to some extent, viewed differently. The comprehensive, research-backed, text may be used for discussion about...
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Analysis of primary school pupils' concepts of a chosen topic through an artistic expression
ŠANDOVÁ, Tereza
This thesis verifies knowledge of primary school pupils' regarding chosen topic from natural science - plan morphology. Level of knowledge was determined using ditactic test and pupils' drawing and description. The thesis further analyses quality of textbooks, including image materials, used in school extra curriculum activities. The results of this work is used to determine whether pupils' drawings can be used for testing, how can pupils express themselves using drawing and what level of knowledge do they possess in plant morphology.
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Preparation of new didactic materials to support science education at the preschool and primary level
Andrlová, Dominika ; Teplá, Milada (advisor) ; Hybelbauerová, Simona (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the development of natural science literacy of pre-school age children and pupils of younger school age. The aim of this thesis is didactic processing of materials which will enable teachers/lecturers/parents to develop natural science literacy of children, without themselves having to have education in chemistry for correct understanding of the experiment, and thanks to which, at the same time, they could pass on the correct information to children in such way that prevents from the occurrence of natural science misconceptions to a maximum possible extent. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to child ontogenesis in pre-school and early school age, which is subsequently reflected in the creation of materials for development of natural science literacy of this target age category of children. The theoretical work includes also the characterisation of the term natural science literacy as a possible tool for increasing interest in the study of natural sciences. It states the expected positives, but also possible negatives, especially in the form of resulting misconceptions which can be associated to the introduction of natural science education for younger children. In the subsequent part, an analysis of syllabus of natural science-focused subjects at...
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Performance-enhancing substances in sport and their effects on the human body - the preparation and the evaluation of new didactic materials
Mezuliáníková, Diana ; Teplá, Milada (advisor) ; Součková, Danuše (referee)
The diploma thesis is foollow up on nutritional supplements in sport, both allowed and forbidden, therefore doping. It focuses on teaching at secondary (hight) schools and incorporating the issue of sports supplements into lessons. The theoretical part includes an analysis of the RVP for grammar schools and sports grammar schools, a literature search on the topic of support substances i sport and the theory of didactic research. The practical part contains an evaluation of the questionnaire survey, which examines pupils' knowledge about nutritional supplements focused on sport, and evaluation of the evaluation questionnaire, which is served as a feedback reflection in verifying didactic materials. Furthermore, in the practical part there is created technical text for teachers, presentations with didactic notes, worksheet including author's solution and didactic game verifying knowledge after the subject's interpretation.
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Respiration as an interdisciplinary topic in science education
Čermáková, Vendula ; Teplá, Milada (advisor) ; Distler, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on topics of and respiratory chain and their processing as educational animations for secondary schools. In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis, supporting terms are defined (visualisations, interdisciplinary relations, animations). Next, themes are included in educational field and thematic unit in RVP G. Two analyses of the topic of respiratory chain are mentioned and evaluated in this part. Firstly, there is an analysis focused on the most used chemical and biological textbooks. The second one is focused on available online animations. For research purpose of the diploma thesis quantitative method was used - a questionnaire survey. Results of this survey are listed in the practical part. Practical part presents educational materials specified for support of education topics of respiration and respiratory chain. Stress on illustrative nature and interdisciplinarity is laid in these materials. The principal materials are educational animations which were made in program Adobe Flash Professional CS6. Study text was also written to these animations. Created educational animations give a complex view on respiratory process. These materials can be used in biology and chemistry subjects or in scientific courses. Animations include two tests giving feedback to...
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Living Things in the Science Education
PETR, Jan
Current state-of-the-art in the use of living things in primary science education has not been studied in detail in the Czech Republic. This thesis presents the paper published a short time ago and accompanied by the brief commentary. The aim is to evaluate data gained by the video-research of thirty (integrated) science classes and to give an analysis of the use of living things in selected science units. The paper has a character of case study containing not very large amount of lessons but it enables to describe the use of living things in the framework of selected thematic units in which the use of living things is possible or expectable.
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Utilization of the garden-pond biotope in secondary education (Comprehensive inquiry-based education program)
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Marie
The purpose of this thesis is to develop a comprehensive educational program involving student activities related to the biotope of the garden pond. The theoretical part deals with general issues of inquiry-based education and the utilization of school gardens. The main contribution of the thesis is the creation of a concrete educational program, comprising seven activities which employ the environment of a garden pond. It is designated for biology and geography classes at middle/secondary schools. Each activity portfolio consists of a methodological sheet for teachers and a work sheet for students. Most activities can be carried in the environment of any water tank; some activities can be also done in the school building. The training program was pilot tested with elementary school teachers and subsequently with sixth and seventh grade students. Concurrently, an evaluation of the program's effectiveness was implemented in the form of written tests. The thesis discusses the findings from this evaluation as well as the practical verification of the suggested program that was carried out on teachers and on students.
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Inquire-Based Science Education in General and Inorganic Chemistry
Zámečníková, Veronika ; Čtrnáctová, Hana (advisor) ; Ganajová, Mária (referee) ; Kričfaluši, Dana (referee)
This thesis deals with the possibility of implementing Inquiry-Based Science Education (IBSE) into teaching practice mainly at elementary schools. The focus is put on teaching general and inorganic chemistry. The theoretical part consists of the conceptual apparatus and research methodology related to implementation of IBSE activities into teaching. It also discusses how important may implementing of the IBSE principles be for supporting the student interest in science and for upgrading their scientific abilities which may make it easier in future to put the young generation into practice. Another chapter describes current situation in practical application of the IBSE in Czech Republic. It summarizes basic theories and experience with introducing IBSE into classrooms. The thesis also analyses the selection of curriculum suitable for applying IBSE in chemistry and chemistry didactics. The practical part of the thesis incorporates educational documents for working within IBSE principles and gives an overview of results of author's own research, realized between 2014 - 2016. The research was focused on attitude of students towards chemistry and its evolution after implementing the IBSE principles. Based on results of this research, specific drafts of IBSE implements are rendered for general and inorganic...
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