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Legalization of Cannabis for Non-medical Purposes in the United States: Discrepancy between Federal and State Laws
Vlach, Tomáš ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
This thesis focuses on the issue of cannabis legalization in Colorado. Legislation adopted at the federal level prohibits production, distribution and consumption of cannabis. Through public ballot initiatives, use of cannabis for non-medical purposes was legalized on the state level. This approach represents a fundamental change in drug policy and, in the future, it could affect federal drug policy regarding cannabis. This thesis uses the example of Colorado to illustrate the inconsistency in the legal approach to cannabis between some of the U.S. states and the federal government. By describing and analyzing the control measures in Colorado, this thesis aims to identify various regulatory risks, which might cause conflicts with the federal government. The thesis points to the liberal aspects of the regulation in Colorado and confronts the discrepancy with the directive of the federal government to establish a strong regulatory framework that is consistent with federal priorities in the area of law enforcement. The thesis contains a set of recommendations that contribute to reducing potential negative effects. Even though the federal government did not interfere with state's cannabis legalization, these recommendations could prevent a possible clash with the federal government, which still de jure...
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Society's view of euthanasia legalization problems
Honsová, Lenka ; Vinopal, Jiří (advisor) ; Lupač, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the society's view of the problems of legalization of euthanasia. The thesis is divided into two main parts, the theoretical and the empirical one. The theoretical part consists of the basic terms related to the given problems, further of historical development of euthanasia, countries where euthanasia is legalized, arguments of proponents and opponents of euthanasia and paliative care. The practical part follows after theoretical information and deals with analysis of data gained by a questionnaire research and interpretation of individual findings relating to respondents' general awareness of euthanasia and differences in the view of euthanasia between lay public and professionals. At the end of the thesis, the concrete recommendations in future discussions about euthanasia are proposed on the basis of gained information.
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Organized crime and security : drug cartels : the global capacity of a rising security threat
Ibáñez de Foerster, Marcela ; Balabán, Miloš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
Over the last four decades organized crime groups, particularly, drug trafficking organizations or drug cartels, have managed to be under the spotlight of the security agendas of American countries such as Colombia and the United States. During the last two decades, however, the global securitization of the drug trafficking issue, has led them to become a major security threat not only for the Americas, but also for Europe and more recently for West African countries. These organizations pose a threat not only to the security of the state, but to the very essence of it, by corrupting and damaging everything they come in contact with at the political, social, economical and even cultural level. This graduate thesis presents an analysis on Latin American drug trafficking organizations or drugs cartels, as they are commonly known, focusing on the cases of Colombian and Mexican drug cartels. By comparing these two case studies, I suggest that today's Mexican drug trafficking organizations have gained their momentum and incommensurable strength by following the footsteps of the big three Colombian drug cartels that existed between the 1980s and 1990s. The first chapter will expose the definitions and concepts surrounding the research of organized crime. In the second and third chapters, both the...
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The influence of human security in the process of legalisation and legitimisation of humanitarian intervention
Gřešák, Martin ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
1 Abstract Humanitarian intervention is one of the most contentious issues of contemporary international politics. The roots of the concept of humanitarian intervention can be traced back to the just war theory. Having examined the practice of states, I lean towards the opinion that the international custom legalizing humanitarian intervention has not fully crystallized. Although the realist school comes up with a few very convincing points, I think that the Charter of the United Nations, as it stands now, does not allow to carry out a humanitarian intervention. The International Court of Justice case law does not consider humanitarian intervention legal. The concept of human security became one of the fundamental sources of legitimization of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine. It also served as one of the principles, upon which the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty had built the doctrine of The Responsibility to Protect. The principles of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine were passed by the UN General Assembly at the 2005 World Summit. A year later, these principles were referred to in a Security Council resolution on the protection of civilians in armed conflict. Although the United Nations General Assembly resolutions are not legally binding, their come from the fact...
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The Proposal of Taxation Incomes Legislation Nonnursed Enterprise in the Czech Republic
Kříž, Martin ; Cabala, Martin (referee) ; Kopřiva, Jan (advisor)
The Bachelor thesis contains two parts, the theoretical part and the practical part. In the theoretical part of thesis is deal with brief history of prostitution, it’s developement as in europian measure so as in the territory of present land of Czech Republic, also deal with current situation of legally-taxation treatment. The practical part of thesis is focus on comparation of mention threatment with another europian countries and at the same time suggest how the new threatment can look like or how the old one might be innovated.
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Instruction Set Completness Detection for Retargetable C Compiler Generation
Nagy, Michal ; Dolíhal, Luděk (referee) ; Hruška, Tomáš (advisor)
This thesis concerns the issue of completness detection of instruction set description for the LLVM compiler, or the ability of a compiler to generate target program for every valid source program in the appropriate high-level programming language. On the basis of regular tree grammar theory and several scietific theses that also concern this issue, formal tool for inclusion checking of two grammars. Furthermore a method for automatic extraction of the two grammars from the instruction set description has been devised, as a result of which the tool can be used for checking completeness of instruction selection. In combination with checking completeness of the legalization process of the LLVM compiler, which preceeds the instruction selection, it should be feaseable to check completeness of most compiler parts dependent on the target architecture.
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Analysis of legalizing financial compensation on the kidney market: Iranian case and its application on the Czech Republic during 2006-2015
Cachnín, Patrik ; Procházka, Pavel (advisor) ; Barák, Vladimír (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the Iranian system of kidney trade, whose de facto legalization in 1988 allows to analyze important aspects of this solution to the shortage of kidneys. The Iranian case has not confirmed the common concern of opponents of the monetary compensations for the kidney donation about displacement of the altruistic and cadaveric donors after the sale legalization. The work also refuses the hypothesis which states that market legalization puts poor patients at a disadvantage and favours the rich patients. The Iranian case documents improvement of the situation for all patients. Application of the Iranian system to the Czech Republic is carried out in the main part of the work, and the impact of the introduction of the system with legalized monetary compensations on the expenses in the health care system in the years 2006-2015 is calculated via the cost-benefit analysis. The result is a positive balance of the total amount CZK 4.2-5.1 billion in favour of introducing this system.
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Potential tax revenue from legalizing the sale of marijuana in Czech Republic
Kadleček, Martin ; Štípek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hájek, Jan (referee)
Thesis deals with the estimate of potential tax revenue from legalizing the sale of marijuana in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part describes the legalization process in the Netherlands, Uruguay, Colorado, Washington and the Czech Republic, and presents the theoretical approaches to the estimation of tax revenue and the form of the marijuana market. The practical part analyzes the marijuana market from the demand side based on statistical data and on the supply side based on two research methods. The first method uses a questionnaire survey of 42 growers of marijuana to achieve an estimate of the average annual cost of producing one gram of marijuana in the amount of CZK 53.33 / g. The second method gives these costs in the amount of CZK 0.0525 / g by comparison with the tobacco market in the US. While the second method is evaluated as unusable for marketing in the Czech Republic, the first method is also used to estimate the potential tax revenue in two specific situations. The first situation is calculated at the rate of excise duty of 27% + CZK 1.896 / g. There is the potential tax revenue is estimated in the range of 2.48 to 4.41 billion CZK. The second situation is calculated at the rate of excise duty in the amount of CZK 77.07 / g. There is the potential tax revenue is estimated in the range of 2.89 to 5.9 billion CZK.
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The potential of cannabis legalization in the Czech Republic
Holá, Jana ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Špecián, Petr (referee)
The main aim of the thesis is to verify the correlation between cannabis use and the crime rate in accordance with the legalization of marijuana in Colorado 1. 1. 2014. Method difference in differences is used to analyze this problem by comparing Denver with Philadelphia. Philadelphia is the control group because legalization did not occur there. Panel data in monthly intervals for the period from 2006 to 2014 are used. The hypothesis in this thesis is a positive correlation between cannabis use and crime rates. The results of the regression analysis show that differences in number of all offenses per 100 000 inhabitants decreased by 11.83 units and differences in number of violent crimes per 100 000 inhabitants increased by 0.67 units after legalization of cannabis. Increase of violent crimes verified the hypothesis. However the hypothesis was not verified in case of all offenses. The Czech Republic is supposed to be similarly affected by eventual legalization of cannabis, which follows from an applying the results to the Czech Republic. In addition, the discussion shows that the Czech Republic could set a higher tax rate for cannabis than Colorado. If the funds gained from eventual legalization of cannabis in Czech Republic had been allocated properly in society, an increase of violent crimes could be lower.
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Analysis of the problematics of coca cultivation in Bolivia and its impact on the relations with the US
Šlechtová, Markéta ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Melounová, Irena (referee)
Bachelor thesis, Analysis of the problematics of coca cultivation in Bolivia and its impact on the relations with the US, examines the historical development, traditional use and cultivation of coca. It also discusses the causes of the US hard-line stance against drugs and its efforts to completely eradicate coca in producing countries such as Bolivia. It captures not only the historical but also the economic context, and the strategies and laws used to enforce the coca eradication. It also identifies the major reasons why the chosen strategy does not produce the desired effects, and how the problematic situation of the production and smuggling of drugs should be dealt with according to the bolivian president Evo Morales and the US government. Firstly, the study examines the historical context and traditions of the cultivation and use of coca, followed by a description of the domestic situation, the relation between Bolivia and the US and the lobbying efforts in coca legalization made by president Morales. The second chapter describes the history of cocaine in the US, hard-line stance against drugs and the drug cooperation of the US and Bolivian governments. The study ends with the insight and views on the current situation from the position of the United States and countries neighboring Bolivia.
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