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Mud
Součková, Anežka ; Stanová,, Magda (referee) ; Mikyta, Svätopluk (advisor)
The practical part of this bachelor’s thesis is a book called Bahno. It contains drawings and texts which are metaphorically and factually connected to mud: as a matter in which dead organisms and plants decompose and which at the same time feeds the soil for new life to spring, as an endless search for answers on an endless amount of questions on the purpose and contents of existence. The period in which the texts and drawings were being created was a period of concentrated attention on the forms of mud, pop-cultural references and its other occurrences. A part of the intuitive mapping of mud was, among other things, a visit of a village called Bahno ("Mud"), taking samples of the local mud, viewing it under the microscope (taken photographs are contained in the book).
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Test dummy validation - differences in human mechanical response
Literová, Lucie ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Šorfová, Monika (referee)
Title: Validation of the test dummy - differences in human mechanical response Objectives: The main goal of this thesis was to verify the usability of the Dummy Hybrid III for crash tests in the transport industry (the front and side directions). Methods: In the presented thesis, experimental methods were used to achieve the goal. The measurement of small impacts in laboratory conditions was carried out using the pendulum of the Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics of the UK FTVS. The measurement was performed on humans as well as on the Dummy Hybrid III. We monitored the reactions in the thoracic spine (thoracic vertebra Th5) and on the top of the head after impacts by a pendulum on certain areas on the human body/dummy. Impacts were delivered in four different intensities to the forehead, temporal bone, chest, shoulder and thigh. The measured impact quantity was the impact velocity. The observed magnitude of the response on the human body and dummy was the magnitude of the resulting acceleration in the area of the Th5 thoracic vertebra and the top of the head. Results: The results of this work have expanded the knowledge in the field of crash tests in the transport industry. Thanks to the obtained results, there was verified the suitability of the laboratory model of the pendulum for further...
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Variation in human secondary sex ratio after extraordinary natural, social and cultural events
Hubová, Hana ; Kaňková, Šárka (advisor) ; Dušek, Adam (referee)
The secondary sex ratio represents the proportion of male and female births and is usually slightly skewed towards male births. Changes in the secondary sex ratio may be induced by a variety of ultimate (evolutionary) or proximate (physiological) causes. These causes tend to be linked to external factors such as natural disasters, armed conflicts, terrorism and/or important cultural and sports events. Natural disasters cause major destruction of housing, infrastructure and loss of lives. Such events are likely to be followed by a decrease in the secondary sex ratio. Stress-induced selection in utero against males is one of the widely discussed causes related to this phenomenon. Armed conflicts and terrorism commonly have a negative impact on society as well, however, an increase in the secondary sex ratio was often observed in the post-war periods. Important cultural and sports events, along with holiday celebrations, have a mostly positive impact on the social climate. These events induce a sense of community and are likely to be followed by an increase in the secondary sex ratio 9 months later, which suggests higher coital rates during such events.
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In vitro 3D organization of the mammalian testes
Zahradníková, Hana ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Janečková, Lucie (referee)
A testicular organoid that would sufficiently recapitulate the architecture of the testicular tissue and at the same time be able to provide the complete process of spermatogenesis in vitro has not yet been created. Achieving this goal would mean the development of a 3D model of the testis, which would mimic the in vivo situation in terms of cell arrangement and could thus contribute to a deeper understanding of the physiological functioning of the testicular microenvironment. Among other things, such a model has a great potential for clarifying the causes of male infertility and finding treatment options. This thesis dealt with the generation of organoids from mouse or human testicular cell suspensions, which can also be used, for example, to study de novo organogenesis. A total of four 3D culture systems were tested, of which the soft agar culture system (SACS) achieved the best results. Furthermore, as part of this thesis, the procedure for preparing testicular organoids for light sheet microscopy was successfully introduced and optimized, enabling the evaluation of their internal structure. From the testicular cell suspension of a 5-day-old mouse, it was possible to prepare testicular organoids, the structure of which in some respects resembled the organization of the testis in vivo. The...
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Possibilities of influence of cardiovascular risk markers with a diet enriched with amaranth flour
Chmelík, Zdeněk ; Vrablík, Michal (advisor) ; Piťha, Jan (referee) ; Vohnout, Branislav (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Abstrakt dizertační práce Možnosti ovlivnění markerů kardiovaskulárního rizika stravou obohacenou amarantovou moukou PharmDr. Zdeněk Chmelík Praha 2022 Abstract (EN) Introduction: Diet suitable for lipid metabolism disorders should not increase the total and LDL cholesterol, and ideally should assist in its lowering. Analysis of literary sources suggest that amaranth can meet these properties. Aim: The execution of literary investigation of the issue and experimental verification of lipid- lowering effect of amaranth flour in laboratory conditions. Methods: 50 (Experiment 1) or 40 (Experiment 2) The mice were divided into five (Experiment 1) or four (Experiment 2) groups fed by control mixture (C), high-energy diet (HED), high- energy diet with amaranth (HED+A) and in Experiment 1, by high-energy diet with amaranth flour and simvastatin (HED+A+S) or only with simvastatin (HED+S), and in Experiment 2 a by high-energy diet with squalene (HED+S). Weight gains were measured and TC, LDL and HDL cholesterol determined. Results: Feeding of HED diets resulted in a statistically significant increase in the TC cholesterol by 81% (Experiment 1) or 125% (Experiment 2), LDL cholesterol of 612% (Experiment 1) or 304% (Experiment 2) and a decrease in HDL cholesterol by 8.4%...
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Probe into the soul of a lifetime scout
BROMOVÁ, Zuzana
The thesis gives a perspective on life seen through the Scout's eyes. It deals with the life and the thinking of the people who were or have been active members of this movement. The practical part of the thesis focuses, through eight narrative interviews, on the experience of the Scout movement members and the subjective purpose of their own experience throughout their life. It describes as well what these individuals have found within the movement, what they have identified or conversely disagreed with and what values and approaches they prefer in their lives. The practical part seeks the essence of something that a Scout's soul is comprised of, it means, what makes a Scout a Scout. The analysis of individual interviews exposed several topics and subtopics, where the correlation between them was examined. These topics turned into a syllabus or basis for the theoretical part, where it was described and clarified to the reader with the help of the reference literature.
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SHORT TANDEM REPEAT ANALYSIS IN RECOMBINATION HOTSPOTS ACROSS THE HUMAN GENOME.
MASINOVIC, Mehdin
Short tandem repeats are one of the most abundant tandem repeat types and are an important source of genetic variation. Comparative studies have analyzed their abundance in promoters, genes, and other relevant regions in the human genome, but short tandem repeats in recombination hotspots have yet to be fully characterized. Using the R package entitled STRAH, we analyzed the frequency of 310 distinct short tandem repeats in 37527 recombination hotspots across the human reference genome. We generated pattern-specific comparisons for all repeat types among recombination hotspots, regions directly surrounding them, and the remaining genomic region of the human genome. We detected that C/G-rich repeats tend to be enriched in recombination hotspots, observed that A/T-rich repeats are more enriched in regions unrelated to recombination, and found that repeats are present in very low numbers if they do not contain consecutively repeated DNA bases. Collectively, our results provide a standardized, genome-wide characterization of short tandem repeats in recombination hotspots and their surrounding regions, highlight pattern-specific differences that depend on repeat length and repeat type, and give insight into short tandem repeat enrichment in relation to recombination hotspots across the human genome.
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The environmental aspects of health
MIČANOVÁ, Pavlína
The topic of this thesis is The environmental aspects of health. This paper focuses on the impact of the environment on human health. A human being is constantly being exposed to many external environmental factors, which have a certain impact on one's health and can sometimes cause various diseases. The influence of the environment is a\very broad topic, which I tried to summarize and unify in an understandable manner, and then describe the most important influences of the surrounding environment. This paper is divided into two main parts. The first part targets environmental influences and the second deals with social influences. The environmental influences are then devided into three main chapters: physical, chemical and biological influences. The physical influences include the influence of radiation, the effect of sound, noise and vibration, the effect of weather and the effect of the geopathogenic zones. Regarding the chemical influences, I discussed air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution and waste. In the chapter on biological influences, I described viruses, prions, bacteria, parasites and mycotoxins. The second part deals with social influences where I focused on the topic of environmental stress. One of the goals of this paper was to study and to place into a system the real health risks and dangers originating from the environment. Another goal was to draw attention to the possible risks of environmental stress caused by the study conditions at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. This thesis can serve as an enrichment or an addition to the already existing works on the effects of the environment on humans.
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Seroprevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the human population
KUTSYNA, Valeriy
In 2018 - 2020, 1366 samples of serum from immunocompetent patients, including 860 sera from the Czech Republic and 506 sera from Ukraine, were collected and examined by an indirect ELISA test to detect specific IgG antibodies against Cryptosporidium in human population. Age, sex, and relevant data on previous cryptosporidial infections were obtained from each patient. Oocysts of C. parvum, 105 oocysts per well, were used as a corpuscular antigen. Blood serum samples and secondary antibodies were diluted 1:200 and 1: 20,000, respectively. The age range of patients varied from newborn infant to 89 years old. A total of 639 male and 709 female patients were examined. The resutts showed number of serologically positive patients increased with age. Moreover, females had higher seropositivity than males, regardless of nationality. Additionally, Czechs were more often positive than Ukrainians. The results showed less than 20 % of patients under 15 years of age were seropositive. In patients older than 15 years the seroprevalence ranged from 20 to 42 %, except the age group 41 - 50 years old, where seroprevalence was 50 %.
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