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The system of health insurance in Germany as a political issue after unification
Janura, Lukáš ; Mlsna, Petr (advisor) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee) ; Havlík, Vratislav (referee)
The thesis analyses the healthcare system in Germeny after the 1990s. The aim is to analyse the changes in the positions of insured persons within the system, as well as both internal and external factors which resulted in these changes. The role of insured persons is different than in the 1990s. Reforms and their impacts with regard to key players, especially patients are described in each chapter. The analysis is devided into four chapters, which are dedicated to the systém of insurance as such, the health care providers and the role of informations for the insured persons, subsequently. At the end, the influence of reunification is analysed. The thesis formulates conditions on which more responsibility and more decision-making opportunities are given to insured persons or taken away from them. Moreover, the role of external factors is described (e. g. the pharmaceutical industry, the development of media or macroeconomic development). Information sources used for the analysis derive from sickness funds, sickness fund unions, expert recommendations, legislation or programmes of political parties. The thesis concludes that the role of sickness funds has been strengthened, but the utilization is not as rational as it seems and is inhibited by some other factors. In a broader context, the conclusions...
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Improvement of Patients´Health Literacy by Means of Short Intervention Method
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Renata
This rigorosum thesis deals with the topic of increasing health literacy of patients in practice using the method of brief interventions. Brief interventions have been practically applied for the purposes of nicotine withdrawal, limitation of alcohol consumption, improvement of dietary habits, support of physical activity and influenza vaccination. It is a current method developed and supported by WHO as part of primary and secondary prevention of chronic, non-infectious as well as some infectious diseases. The goal of brief interventions is to increase the health literacy with the purpose of motivating the patients to be accountable for their own health, and thus reduce the incidence of diseases associated with an unhealthy lifestyle in population.
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The influence of awareness about sexually transmitted diseases, sexual behavior of high school students
Mikešová, Jana ; Vachková, Eva (advisor) ; Hodačová, Lenka (referee)
Author: Jana Žalská Institution: Department of Social Medicine LF UK in Hradec Kralove Department of Nursing Title of the work: The influence of awareness about sexually transmitted diseases, sexual behavior of high school students Academic advisor: Mgr. Eva Vachková, Ph.D. Number of pages: 83 Number of attachments: 4 Defended in: 2018 Key words: adolescence, sexually transmitted diseases, sex, sexual education, health literacy, gender identity The bachelor thesis is on the topic "Influence of awareness of sexually transmitted diseases on the sexual behaviour of high school youth". The theoretical part deals with sexual diseases and sexually transmitted diseases. It describes the period of adolescence, physical transformation and gender differences in adolescence. It also deals with health literacy in youth, health education, and sexual education. The empirical part looks into the knowledge of secondary school youth about sexual diseases and their prevention and the way of protection against sexually transmitted diseases, next this part looks into the sources from which they receive information. It also investigates whether their knowledge of this issue has an effect on sexual behaviour. Quantitative research was applied by a non-standardized questionnaire. The resulting data is processed into...
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Approaches to public health in the selected countries and their comparison
Bačkorová, Tereza ; Hrešanová, Ema (advisor) ; Růžička, Michal (referee)
This thesis investigates approaches to public health in the Czech Republic and compares them to approaches in Norway. The theoretical part outlines key concepts in the field of health, public health, health policy and prevention and explores their diverse interpretation on the level of professional discourse. The empirical part provides a comparative analysis of the development and current state of health systems in both countries, health status of their populations, a general comparison of the approaches to prevention and health policy, as well as an analysis of a concrete example - fight against smoking as a major health risk factor. The aim of the thesis is not only to compare approaches to public health in both countries, but also to understand the complex relationships between the compared cases and the context. Based on this analysis, examples of good practice are identified, and recommendations are formulated which could stimulate further research or serve as a basis for the development of new health policies, prevention programs and campaigns. key words: health, public health, prevention, health policy, health system, health literacy, comparative analysis
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Health literacy of pregnant women
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Tereza
The Bachelor's Thesis "Health literacy of pregnant women" deals with knowledge of pregnant women with regard to a healthy lifestyle. The goal of this Bachelor's Thesis was to ascertain which the knowledge of the pregnant women about health and the healthy lifestyle during the pregnancy is. This Bachelor's Thesis is divided into two parts. Individual components of the healthy lifestyle during pregnancy and their problems are described in the first theoretical part. It also focuses on health literacy and an educational activity of a nurse-midwife. The second part consists of a research survey that concentrates on the knowledge of the pregnant women with regard to the healthy lifestyle in pregnancy. Five research questions were created on the basis of the stated goal. A qualitative research in a form of a semi structured conversation was used for the research survey. A research cohort comprised twelve pregnant women. After prior agreement and by the approval of the women, the conversations were recorded using a voice recorder with a transcription of the conversations in the text. Gathered data were processed, analysed and sorted into three categories (Preconception preparation, Foreknowledge of women, Lifestyle in pregnancy), which were divided into subcategories. The category Preconception preparation was divided into four subcategories (Intended pregnancy, Change in lifestyle, Vitamin supplements, Physical activity). The second category with the name Foreknowledge of women contains three subcategories (Components of healthy lifestyle, Information source, Prenatal courses). The third component Lifestyle in pregnancy includes six subcategories (Eating, Vitamin supplements, Risk factors - alcohol, smoking, Physical activity, Sexual intercourse, Travelling). Female informants, in which the pregnancy was intended, made efforts to change their present living customs in the area of eating, sport or risk behaviour within the scope of the preconception care. Improvement of the lifestyle followed also during the pregnancy. The women adjusted their dietary practices, food was regular, varied, rich in fruits and vegetables. The women had general knowledge of food, which they should cut down during pregnancy. Despite all efforts for adherence to the healthy eating, some women took the vitamin food supplements during the pregnancy. With regard to drinking habits, they preferred clean water or sweetened beverages. They mentioned the beverages containing alcohol or caffeine as unsuitably. But risk behaviour was very frequent. Some women consumed a small amount of the alcoholic beverages during the pregnancy, some women drank coffee containing caffeine and one female respondent smoked during the pregnancy. Nevertheless, it came out in the research survey that the female respondents have information with regard to the negative influences of alcohol or cigarettes. With respect to doing sports during the pregnancy, except one woman, they did sports safe and promoting health and they kept a good track of unsuitable activities during the pregnancy. With regard to travelling, they are more cautious, they fear for a health care in foreign countries. All women described an aeroplane as unsuitable and dangerous means of transport for the pregnant woman. They identified the Internet as the main source of information, but they also acquire information from friends, mothers or they derive from their previous pregnancy. Only some of them acquire information from the nurse-midwife, two of the respondent women take prenatal courses. Other female informants have already paid the prenatal courses. This implies from the research survey that only a small number of respondent women uses the consultancy and educational activity of the nurse-midwife. Information and results acquired with the research survey can help as a material for the nurse-midwives during the consultancy and educational activity.
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Health promotion at the 1st Primary School
Pospíšilová, Denisa ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Komorná, Marie (referee)
The bachelor thesis topic is "Health Promotion at the 1st Primary School". The goal is to find out how are fullfiled the RVP ZV criteria from heatlh promotion. For the research were selected two Primary Schools in the Central Bohemian village Dolní Břežany. The theoretical part deals with the concept of health and its determinants. It describes ways how to promote health and reasons for supporting it in whole population. Thesis defines the concept of health literacy and the possibility of its increase among pupils at the 1st Primary Schools. It also mentions how health support is anchored in the RVP ZV and how is possible to build up surroundings at School, which will promote health. Further shows pupil characteristics of the younger school age and its developmental specifications. In the practical part, the bachelor thesis finds out how are fullfiled the RVP ZV criteria from heatlh promotion at two selected Primary schools. To achieve this it was used a qualitative survey based on two structured interviews for pupils at 1st Primary School and their teachers. Interviews were recorded to the recording device after that they were transferred to electronic version. In the conclusion part all acquired answers are evaluated and there are proposed few projects how to promote health.
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Health literacy of the residents of home for eldery
PLCHOVÁ, Aneta
The diploma thesis deals with the health literacy of the residents living in the homes for the elderly. The aim was to find out what is the seniors' level of health literacy, whether they are interested in raising it and whether they are able to participate in the care of their person and make decision about their health. The second objective of the thesis was to describe the role of the nurse in providing health literacy to the clients of the home for the elderly. In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis, we were dealing first with the concept of old age and aging for a comprehensive overview, and we summarized the concepts of health and illness in old age and issues of geriatric nursing and nursing care in homes for the elderly. We analyzed in detail individual areas of health literacy, the acquired knowledge was applied in the research section. The objectives were achieved through a qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews. The set for research was chosen on purpose. In the set, there were clients of retirement homes and nurses that works in these homes. The research part focused on the identification of seniors' health literacy took place in two stages, a cognitive function test was first performed with the selected seniors, and it was then followed by an in-depth interview with cognitively intact seniors. The data were processed using text coloring. In the research focused on seniors, there were created 4 categories with 9 subcategories and in the nurse's research, there were 3 categories with 7 subcategories. The research shows that the level of health literacy of the elderly population differs depending on the specific area of health literacy, but it can be summed up that the seniors generally have insufficient health literacy due to the abandonment of initiative and responsibility in the care of their person and decision-making about their health status to the medical staff. In order to increase their health literacy, education is needed especially in the effect of lifestyle on health, the preventive behaviour, the causes and the possible complications of the diseases and the side effects of the used drugs. In the second part of the research we found that the role of a nurse in the home for the elderly is not only irreplaceable in increasing the health literacy of seniors, but very time and psychologically demanding, therefore, it always does not reach the qualities that the nurses themselves would like.
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Support health literacy in the elderly
HOLÁNOVÁ, Klára
Theoretical part of the thesis: The diploma thesis deals with the issue of health literacy with regard to its support for the elderly. Areas for explanation of this issue and the possibilities for health literacy are included in this work. In particular, we speak of the right motivation of the seniors, the education and the possibilities of education for seniors. What is also important is the activation that we can develop the capabilities and skills of the seniors. Aims: For the practical part of the thesis, one aim was set, to which 5 hypotheses belong. Aim: To describe how seniors support health literacy. Hypotheses: 1st The level of support for health literacy is affected by the health of the senior. 2nd Women are more interested in gaining information by visiting Days of Health than men. 3rd The method of promoting health literacy is different for seniors up to 70 years old and seniors over 70 years of age. 4th Senior citizens with higher levels of health literacy support consider health information from healthcare professionals to be more useful than older people with lower levels of health literacy support. 5th Men use Universities of the Third Age to promote health literacy more than women. Methodology: In the practical part of this thesis, a quantitative research was chosen in the form of structured interviews. A total of 23 questions were compiled, including identification data. The research team consisted of 100 elderly over 65 years of age from the South Bohemian Region, who, on the basis of their addressing and their voluntary decision, answered the given questions. The data obtained was further processed and evaluated. Results: According to the results, women and men have the same interest in Health Days. The level of support for health literacy does not have a different impact on seniors on evaluation of the usefulness of information from healthcare professionals, and men use Universities of the Third Age as well as women. Support for health literacy is influenced by the state of health of the elderly in the field of education, physical activity and adherence to doctor's recommendations. The way of promoting health literacy is different for seniors up to 70 years of age and over 70 years of age in the area of physical activity, information and health care for first aid and accident prevention, oncology prevention, skin protection and healthy eating. Conclusion: It is important to inform the elderly about the possibilities of promoting health literacy and to provide information on health promotion and disease prevention. The output of this work is material for seniors containing this information.
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Health literacy employees
RŮTHOVÁ, Kateřina
The diploma thesis deals with health literacy of employees. Health literacy throughout the Czech Republic is very low. The diploma thesis has one goal: To map the health literacy of the employees. I chose three hypotheses in my research. Hypothesis 1: The expected health literacy of the staff of the selected teams is inadequate. Hypothesis 2: Women show higher levels of health literacy than men. Hypothesis 3: The level of health literacy depends on the level of education. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part defines the concept of health literacy, methods of development of health literacy, health promotion and prevention, including determinants of health and health of the population of the Czech Republic. Part of the work is also devoted to the work environment, risk factors and occupational medical care. The practical part was processed using the quantitative survey method using questionnaires. The data needed for the analysis were obtain from respondents from selected collectives who were informed about the anonymity of the questionnaire survey. The obtained data was processed in MS Excel and SPSS. The results of my work disproved all three hypotheses. Respondents in the research group are health literate, health literacy among the sexes is the same and health literacy is not dependent on the level of education. Work results can serve as a good source of information for the general public or employees and company employers.
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The health literacy development of elementary schools
GRECMANOVÁ, Jana
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of the development of health literacy of pupils attending primary schools. In the theoretical part, it focuses on defining the concept of the health literacy, its importance for society, the importance of its development and the consequences of its lack. A literate person is characterized in here, the factors influencing health literacy and the assessment tools, how it could be measured. It also deals with health promotion and health education at primary schools, which are closely related to health literacy. It focuses on the influence on educational system on health literacy of pupils and on health promotion programs at school facilities. It deals with school age, its division, and the pupil's personality in common. At the end of the theoretical part, we discuss how the health literacy can influence nurses. The empirical part of the thesis is aimed at pupils of 7th and 9th grade of elementary schools, who have been inquired about their ability to look up and evaluate healthcare information. The aim has been to determine the level of health literacy of boys and girls and try to find out differences in their level of health literacy depending on the age and size of the city they are live in. A quantitative research survey has been selected to address this issue and identify the objectives set. The data was obtained using the abridged version of the standardized European Health Literacy Questionnaire HLS-EU-Q, namely the HLS-EU-Q16 questionnaire. The research was attended by 208 pupils from two primary schools in Prague and one from Karlovy Vary.
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