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Fiscal Policy and its Importance in Development of Economy
Erdenebat, Temuulen ; Brčák, Josef (advisor) ; Milan Robin, Milan Robin (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the theme of fiscal policy and its importance on Czech economy from 2005 to 2015. In some parts, according to data availability, the author is trying to bring the latest information from year 2016 and predict the development of the economy in the near future. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical part.
The theoretical part is focused more broadly on economic policy, formulates its wearers, determines its goals and tools, which are used for achieving the goals. It distinguishes between different types of economic policy. In the next chapter the phases, types and causes of the economic cycle are defined. The implementation of economic policies from two different points of view is also clarified. In the following chapter the author focuses on the main topic of fiscal policy and analogically defines its objectives, instruments and types. Subsequently, the budgetary system of the Czech Republic is analyzed. Separate chapter is devoted to the state budget. The main revenues, expenditures and overall balance are described. Lastly, the process of drawing up the state budget is explained in detail.
The analytical part follows the development of macroeconomic indicators such as gross domestic product, inflation and unemployment in the Czech Republic in the previously mentioned period. Then the development and structure of revenues and expenditures of the state budget are analyzed. Based on the final balance, a resolution for the problematics of Czech state debt is solved. In each chapter of the practical part is an attempt to analyse fiscal policy and its importance on certain developments. The results are compared with selected countries of EU 28.
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Dopady změn věkové struktury obyvatelstva na důchodový systém
Hasoňová, Jana
This diploma thesis deals with the development of the pension system in the Czech Republic since 2000. Time series analysis is used to assess changes in individual pension types and in the income and expenditure of the pension system. The thesis is furthermore focused on the average amount of the retirement income. The data analyzed come mainly from the database of the Czech Social Security Administration. Based on the information obtained, some measures for improving the Czech pension system are proposed.
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The analysis of the cyclically adjusted budget balance
Mareš, Michal ; Bisová, Sára (advisor) ; Kadeřábková, Božena (referee)
The thesis analyzes the cyclically adjusted budget balance on the data of the Czech Republic between 2004 and 2014. There is a big demand to consolidate public finances and the aim of this study is to assess whether this appropriate indicator is convenient to achieve the fiscal responsibility of individual countries. At first, the CAB is estimated by using the method of the European Commission, it is called a production approach on the basis of Article Denis, Morrow, Roger (2002). The work is also based on the article written by Bezděk, Dyczak , Krejdl (2003), which compares the OECD method with the ESCB method. Afterwards the calculation is performed by a modified procedure, using the Hodrick-Prescott filter instead of the production function to estimate potential output. The analysis shows the complexity of the estimation of the parameter which is given by great demands on the input data and arbitrariness. The CAB is discussed not only methodologically but also in its practical use in the context of the economic situation in Europe.
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National debt of the Czech republic- cause, impacts, solutions
Grimmer, Lukáš ; Žamberský, Pavel (advisor) ; Jiránková, Martina (referee)
Diploma thesis called "Czech national debt -- cause, impacts, solutions" deals with deficient budgeting of the Czech republic which presents a current problem afterwards projecting itself into the creation of an actual debt. This thesis aims to anter the question concerning an achievement of balanced budgets and therefore generating no indebtness. Afterwards it deals with its cause and considers possible solutions seeking to reduce the amount of national debt. Therefore this diploma thesis is divided into four chapters. The first one defines the basic terms, which constitute theoretical way-outs of this thesis. The second chapter deals with the debt analysis in years of 1993 to 2013, its absolute and relative numeral expression, its structure and interest costs, which are directly related to this phenomenon. The third chapter subsequently describes the debt problem regarding the european setting and at the same time it shows the czech national debt in the european context. At the end of this diploma thesis, the possible scenarios are described as a solving of this unfavourable situation.
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Is the debt brake efficient instrument for sustaining responsible fiscal policy?
Soukup, Albert ; Doležal, Ondřej (advisor) ; Pikhart, Zdeněk (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to define recommendations of setting the debt brake mechanism for Czech Republic, based on functional analysis in selected EU states. Analyzed countries are Slovakia, Poland, Estonia, Germany and Spain. First section of the thesis presents basic principles and terms of theoretical view of public finance, followed by description of opinions of several schools of economic thought on debt-financing and public finance issues. The second, practical part of the thesis first presents opinions of international organizations on the solution of the debt crisis. Next chapter is the analysis of the debt brake mechanism in selected states. Speaking in general, the debt brake itself is not automatically a guarantee of responsible fiscal policy, nevertheless it partly contributes to it. The outcome of the thesis is an unambiguous recommendation for the Czech Republic to approve the debt brake. The thesis also presents specific propositions to improve the current plan, based on real experience in analyzed states.
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Maso ve výživě člověka
Mejzlíková, Vendula
MEJZLÍKOVÁ, 2014: Meat in human nutrition. Bachelor thesis, Brno. In my work I examined the impact of meat consumption on health and human nutrition. I compared both good and bad effectcs associated with the consumption of meat products. I focusing on the nutritional ingredients in the meat and the deficit of these components in the human diet. Meat is an important nutritious food contains nutritionally proteins, vitamins and minerals that mays be missing in the diet of vegetarians. I pointed out the health problems occurring in vegetarians and I have dealth with the disease that occur in humans due to the consumption of meat. Meat is devided on red and white and I have described chat are the basic differences and how they are important for human nutrition. I also to described the implications of livestock farming on the environment, and I summarized the consumption of meat in Czech Republic over the last few years.
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The issue of Nursing Care for the Patients with fractured Humerus.
JORDÁNOVÁ, Hana
Primary theoretical basis: The fractures of humerus are mostly results of hit or fall (15). The cure of humerus fractures is developing not only because of material options, but also thanks to medical technology development. (20). Purpose of the work: Main purpose of this bachelor work was to find out through qualitative research, if nurses have theoretical knowledge in the nursing care of the patients with fractured humerus. To this goal was defined research question: Do nurses have knowledge about nursing care for patients with fracture of humerus? Related investigation was about patients, with humerus fracture, preference needs during the time of hospitalization, according to his self-care deficit. To this goals were defined research questions: How big is the deficit rate in self-care with humerus fracture? Which patient's needs are on the first place during humerus fracture? Quantitative research with patients revealed Research questions were defined subsequently: How high is appearance of humerus fracture according to age? How high is appearance of humerus fracture according to hobby? How high is appearance of humerus fracture according to unsports or other leisure activities? Methodics: Empirical part of bachelor work was written on mixed research basis. Quantitative research was realized using data collection from Traumacentrum České Budějovice, a.s. patient's documentation. Research included 152 patient respondents. Qualitative research was realized using half structured interviews, on which participated nurses from Traumacentrum Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. and patients with humerus fracture here hospitalized. The research group consisted of six patients and six nurses. Data collection took place since May 2013 to June 2014. Results: From nurse research results came out following categories: Preoperative patient care, Post-operative patient care, Rebandage specifics, Rehabilitation factors, Complications and symptoms. In preoperative patient care five of six nurses focus on pain, sensitiveness, and perfusion. In post-operative on the other hand all nurses observe coverage and pain. In complication category were mostly recorded infections, nervus radialis harm and compartment syndrome. By nervus radialis harm all nurses recorded posibility of limb functional changes. As rehabilitation factors in this category five nurses mentioned as effect of infection, pain and size of the wound. By patients came out following categories: Self-care activities: Dressing, Day routine, Motions on the bed, Hygiene, Toilet, Eating, Preferred needs. In category dressing four patients can't put on T-shirt. Regarding category of eating, here all patients recorded complications with holding the food tray. Preferred needs category reveals that all six patients values family relationships. In quantitative part of work thanks to data collection formed these graphs: Percentage: Participation of patients, Average age, Age categories, Participation of age categories, Influence of activity on injury formation. As percentage participation was found out that 68% of patients are women in average age of 58 years. These data by men are 32% and 54 years. The injury is mostly appeared considering age in women category in the age of 66-70, in 9,21%. In men category in the age of 61-65, in 4,61%. Hobby injury appeared more in men category 8,55%, in women category are more frequent leisure activity injuries, 64,47% . Conclusion: From research result we can say the nurses have great knowledge. However in all categories are knowledge gaps leaving space for knowledge supplement. Patients mostly fumble with self-care activities deficit in all spheres, this category and family relationships are most preferred categories. In qualitative research is obvious that women are twice more hospitalized with humerus fracture.
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Responsible budgeting in selected countries: Study 2.094
Cupalová, Marcela
Práce se zaměřuje na úpravu odpovědného rozpočtování v jednotlivých zemích Commonwealthu a v Latinské Americe, kde tyto zákony byly přijaty. Zatímco v anglosaských zemích (zejména v USA) mají tyto zákony poměrně dlouhou tradici, v Latinské Americe byly obvykle přijímány spíše v nedávné době, a to většinou v souvislosti s problémy veřejných rozpočtů. Po analýze a komparaci úpravy odpovědného rozpočtování v jednotlivých zemích dochází práce k závěru, že latinskoamerické zákony jsou obvykle podrobnější, konkrétněji specifikují cíle a povinnosti vlády a většinou zahrnují i zřízení a financování určitého „stabilizačního“ fondu, jehož prostředky mají pomáhat v době ekonomického poklesu. Z analýzy dále vyplynulo, že ve federacích je odpovědné rozpočtování na federální úrovni upraveno obvykle spíše v obecné rovině, popř. federální legislativa upravuje především transparentnost informování o stanovených cílech a jejich plnění vládami. Konkrétnější úprava je pak ponechána v rukou jednotlivých států federace. Některé federace byly ovšem nuceny přistoupit k podrobnější federální úpravě, aby deficity jednotlivých států federace příliš nezatěžovaly centrální rozpočet. Obecně platí, že zákony o odpovědném rozpočtování obvykle stanoví určité cíle a limity, které musí exekutiva plnit, a pokud je v daném roce neplní, musí to napravit v letech následujících. Rozpočtová omezení mohou postihovat celou zemi, sankce typu ztráty části mzdy nebo zákazu výkonu politické funkce obvykle postihují konkrétně osobu (ministra, guvernéra), která svůj úřad zadlužila. Kromě analýzy přijaté legislativní úpravy práce také hodnotí efektivnost přijatých opatření, a to jednak na základě odborných studií, jednak podle empirických výsledků snižování veřejného zadlužení. (Fiskální ústavy, finanční ústavy – klíčová slova)
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