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Forms of internal differentiation and their application in the textbook set Berliner Platz Neu 1
Kolbabová, Martina ; Poimer, Christiane (advisor) ; Švermová, Dagmar (referee)
The diploma thesis Forms of internal differentiation and their application in the textbook set Berliner Platz Neu 1 deals with internal differentiation in the chosen textbook set for German as a foreign language. The thesis is devided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part, attention is given to the importance of internal differentiation as one of the possible solution to the heterogeneity in the classroom. The thesis focuses on four main forms of internal differentiation - the methodological, social, methodical and work- organizational differentiation. Each form is further divided into subcategories which are described in details. The practical part is devoted to the actual research. Firstly, it presents theoretically the textbook set Berliner Platz Neu 1, its authors and its parts. The textbook set consist of a textbook combined with an exercise book, an additional exercise book, a teśt book and a teacher's book. The textbook set is analysed according to given criteria for didactic and social differentiation. The thesis highlights these activities in the textbook that are suitable for differentiation and comments on the possibility of further differentiation. The aim of the thesis was to find out whether and how the selected textbook set Berliner Platz Neu 1 work with...
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Knowledge of primary students about ecology of selected ecosystems
HOŠTIČKOVÁ, Zuzana
This diploma thesis deals with the conceptual knowledge of primary school pupils about field ecosystems. In the analyzed textbooks, ecological relations are represented only to a limited extent. They are not sufficiently explained or practiced during lessons. Test questions focus on a complex understanding of field ecosystem matters; they test the extent of understanding of relationships between organisms and their environment, between different organisms, and the extent to which field ecosystems are affected by human activity. Analysis results reflect the level of the pupils' knowledge regarding field ecosystem interrelations. Test questions designed by the author of the thesis examine fourth grade primary school pupils and their understanding of relationships between organisms and their environment, as well as relationships between different organisms. Results show that pupils understand relationships between organisms and their environment better than relationships between different organisms and the effects of human activity on field ecosystems. These differences are, however, not significant. In general, the research shows that fourth grade pupils do not understand field ecosystem relationships in an entirely correct way.
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Selected Meadow Pollinators and Their Didactical Use
Huňková, Helena ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
This Master thesis is focused on selected pollinators of our meadows and their didactic integration into education. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In theoretical part, there are defined two orders (Hymenoptera and Diptera), process of pollination, plants pollination strategies and pollen grain. Practical part is focused on research of dipterans (particularly on hoverflies) of which purpose was to find out which plants are most pollinated. Subsequent section deals with analysis of secondary school Biology textbooks in terms of representation of selected pollinators. Next section contains plan of practical exercise, which deals with whether honey contains pollen grains. In final section of practical part, a worksheet is presented, which verifies pupil's knowledge about pollinators. KEYWORDS Hymenoptera, Diptera, hoverfly research, pollinators, pollen, textbook analysis
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Interdisciplinary relationships at the level of the planned curriculum in the educational areas of Mathematics and its Applications, and Physics.
ČERNÁ, Veronika
Master's thesis "Cross-curricular relations at the level of curriculum planning for the educational areas of Mathematics and Its Application and Man and His World (Physics)" discusses the cross-curricular relations between Mathematics and Physics. Thesis is complete with an analysis of textbooks along with additional examples of cross-curricular relations according to the topics of FEP EE for the area of Mathematics and Its Application. Finally, the thesis compiles complex exercises that make use of cross-curricular relations of various subjects, foremostly mathematics and physics, complete with the research of their practical usability.
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Pupils' problems when solving problems requiring substitution
Schánělec, Jan ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
Title: Pupils' problems when solving problems requiring substitution Abstract: The work focuses on 8th and 9th graders' difficulties and mistakes when solving problems using substitution. The theoretical part defines the used concepts and discusses selected results from international comparative studies and studies focusing on substitution. The main goal of the work is to identify pupils' difficulties and mistakes they make when solving problems using substitution and to discover their origin or cause. To achieve this goal the empirical part begins with an analysis of three sets of textbooks used by pupils involved in this research study. This is followed by a description of conducting and subsequent analysis of fifteen clinical interviews on problems with substitution with 14 to 15 year old pupils (9th graders from elementary schools and 3rd graders from lower secondary grammar schools). In the final part the most common mistakes are summarised and relations to their possible origin in the set of textbooks used looked for. The conclusion is that pupils do not have problems with substitution as such when substituting natural numbers into first power variables. However, this does not hold for substitution of variable in the second power. Pupils have problems when substituting for a variable with a negative...
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Current trends in teaching listening
Vognarová, Jana ; Gráf, Tomáš (advisor) ; Quinn Novotná, Veronika (referee)
The present thesis is concerned with the current trends in teaching listening as they have been presented through a number of articles in various journals and mainly in the book by John Field: Listening in the Language Classroom who urges for a process approach, and ascertaining if these new methodological recommendations are finding their way into the classroom practice nowadays through an analysis of a number of frequently used language textbooks. The approach to teaching listening has been developing as a part of many methods used for teaching foreign languages over the years and it has gone from a completely omitted skill through a position of a rather neglected one up to its today status of causing major problems to students who complain that the speakers on the recordings speak too fast or that they cannot understand every single word. It is often the case that students manage to master listening in the confines of the language classroom, learn to cope with typical textbook listening exercises and understand their teachers and classmates, but when confronted with real-life listening outside the classroom, they frequently run into a kind of glasswall and are simply not able to deal with it. The analytical part is based on the analysis of the listening exercises in the very first and newest...
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The current position of drill in ELT
Hájková, Jana ; Gráf, Tomáš (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
in English Aim of the thesis: The aim of this diploma thesis is to define the term drill and depict its current use within the English lesson and also assess its role within the language school, where drill is used as a primary teaching technique. Drill is a technique which went through its greatest development when the Audiolingual method became widespread but gradually, throughout the time of the Communicative approach, it began to lose popularity. Despite this, the drill has not been completely forgotten. Not only can we see drill exercises in modern textbooks, but we also encounter drill in the classroom. Drill has been defined in the theoretical section, where its forms have also been described. In addition, the use of drill in various different methods has been further elaborated on and the reasons that led to its downfall. Theoretical part: The aim here is to answer a number of questions: Why do teachers use drill? What are the drawbacks? What do learners prefer as an alternative? Why do some learners deliberately sign up for classes in language schools where drill is mainly used and what results and experience the language school has with drill? Practical part: The author describes her own research, which is based on a questionnaire survey done in a language school where drill is used as...
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Pupils' Problems and Mistakes when Manipulating Algebraic Expressions
Bílek, Vladimír ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Žalská, Jana (referee)
The thesis focuses on mistakes and problems in manipulations with the algebraic expressions occurring to pupils at the second level of Elementary school. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and experimental part. The theoretical part contains description of manipulations with algebraic expressions, selected results of international comparative surveys, and an analysis of related foreign research. Analysis of three series of textbooks, according to which pupils involved in the experimental project are taught, is essential for understanding of possible origins of their mistakes. The classification of mistakes in manipulations with algebraic expressions is included. At the core of the work is the experimental part aiming to identify problems and mistakes of pupils when manipulating and working with algebraic expressions. The participants of the research consisted of six third-grade pupils of an eight-year Grammar school (13-14 years old) and eight ninth-grade pupils of an Elementary school (14-15 years old). Test used for my experiment came from the GA ČR project Critical parts of mathematics in primary school. The investigation was carried out individually with each pupil by the method of monitoring clinical interviews over the solution of the test tasks. The obtained data was qualitatively...
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On some aspects of "German with ease" from the point of view of language acquisition
Kořánová, Nora ; Blahak, Boris (advisor) ; Šemelík, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with a specific sequence in the acquisition of German verb placement. The actual subject of research is the language textbook for self-learners "German with Ease" produced by the company Assimil. The textbook supposedly offers a method based on similar principles, which apply in L1 acquisition. The goal of the thesis is to asses to what extent the acquisition sequence has been respected in the textbook. The thesis thus provides a critical analysis of the textbook on a psycholinguistic background. The theoretical part consists of a description of the textbook and compares the Assimil method with other existing methods. It also reviews the psycholinguistic research in the field of acquisition sequences. The practical part of the thesis describes data types and foci, data selection, data presentation and evaluation. Based on the conclusions of the practical part, changes are presented, which may result in the textbook quality enhancement.
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Transfer between verbal and algebraic descriptions. Pupils' strategies and problems
Novotná, Anežka ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Roubíček, Filip (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to gain insight into the problems that pupils have when switching between verbal and algebraic expressions, through the analysis of their problem-solving processes. The work is divided into theoretical and experimental parts. The theoretical part of the paper contains three sections. The first describes the analysis of three selected Czech textbooks series for primary schools in terms of teaching the concept of variables and algebraic expressions. The next section deals with international comparative research TIMSS and the success of Czech pupils of year 8 in algebra. In the third section, results of international research concerning the issue of transition between verbal and algebraic expressions are described. The main part of the work is the experimental part, it aims to describe the difficulties encountered by pupils in algebra and to identify their likely sources. The basis for the own research was a set of 9 problems based on released TIMSS problems. The target group of pupils was year 9 of primary school, with whom the investigation was carried out via think-aloud interviews. First, a pilot study was conducted on a sample of 3 pupils, during which a set of test problems was checked. The main study involved 8 pupils. The think-aloud interviews were recorded and later...
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