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Exhaust Gas Energy Recuperation in a Commercial Vehicle Diesel Engine
Šroba, Roman ; Janoušek, Michal (referee) ; Vondrák, Adam (advisor)
The scope of this thesis investigates value added by a turbocharger with an associated motor-generator unit to a diesel engine used by a commercial vehicle. A thermodynamic model of the engine was prepared in GT-SUITE software. Case studies were primary focused on a reduction of specific fuel consumption as well as a nitrogen oxides production using an energy recuperation of exhaust gas. Furthermore, there are described potential benefits of using an electric assistance in order to increase an exhaust gas temperature during a steady state engine operation. Additionally, there is an investigation of potential benefits of a turbocharger assistance in a transition engine mode operating during rapid acceleration of the vehicle. The results of individual analysis will be taken into account for a selection of turbocharger regarding specific engine implementation. The results of simulation suggest that it is possible to lower specific fuel consumption, production of nitrogen oxides, as well as accelerate turbocharger response.
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Trends in the development of hybrid vehicles
Ďurica, Matej ; Tobiáš, Martin (referee) ; Štětina, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to make brief research in the hybrid automotive department, focused on the last ten years of development. The first part describes the categories of hybrid vehicles with an emphasis on the development of accumulators and related technology. An important part is the advantages and disadvantages of systems and drives. The second part deals with the future of hybrid drives, applications mainly in heavy industry, and the possibilities of changing "heavy" fossil fuels with "greener" alternatives. At the end of the work is the evaluation of the impact of the COVID crisis on the automotive industry.
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Technology to remove nitrogen oxides (NOx) from flue gases for large combustion plants
Kučera, Jan ; Brummer, Vladimír (referee) ; Jecha, David (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with selected abatement techniques of nitrogen oxides (NOx) developed for large combustion plants. The first part describes selected NOx, their properties and explains the formation during combustion. Furthermore, there is an analysis of current legal legislation regulating the issue of emission limits. The third part presents selected primary and secondary measures that are widely used. The emphasis is placed on the description of selective catalytic (SCR) and non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). Finally, the basic design of these technologies for model combustion equipment is performed. The consumption of reducing medium and the volume of the catalyst for the mentioned techniques are calculated here. The estimate of selected operating and investment costs is a part of the basic scheme.
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Determination of emissions and harmful particles of exhaust gases of CNG, petrol and diesel vehicles
Rozsíval, Adam ; Libich, Jiří (referee) ; Bača, Petr (advisor)
The thesis deals with an analyses of emission and harmful particles of exhaust fumes of automobiles with an environmental impact. More precisely, it describes the basic characteristics of current fuel types and emission produced by internal combustion engines. Next, it deals with the measures and possibilities of decreasing car traffic emission with respect to environmental impact. It also describes the current European standards for emission and the systems of the cars that are able to decrease emission. The work also deals with the measuring of emission and the methods that are used. According to the measuring methods, the analysis of exhalation is done and it is based on the data of the real car fleet. Values of the emission analyses are compared. The financial aspect is a part of the analyses.
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THE PHOTOCATALYTIC ABATEMENT OF NOX IMISSIONS USING COMMERCIAL FUNCTIONAL COATING WITH POROUS MORPHOLOGY
Žouželka, Radek
Titanium dioxide is the most important photocatalysts used for purifying applications. It was the purpose of this study to investigate the photocatalytic activity of commercial Protectam FN (R) containing TiO2 nanoparticles towards NO and NO2. Experiments on concrete as a support for photocatalyst were carried out in two types of reactors with laminar and turbulent flow under ´´real world setting´´ conditions of temperature, relative humidity, irradiation and pollutant concentrations. The results showed that photocatalytic process significantly reduced both nitrogen oxides in the air. The decrease in the total concentration of nitrogen oxides on contact with the photocatalytic surface reached 20-50 %, i.e. at a concentration of 100 ppb the decrease in NO and NO2 was 20-50 ppb. The nitrogen oxides were oxidized up to their highest oxidation state, nitric acid ( or nitrates) and undesirable nitrous acid was not formed at all. The experimental study conducted showed that the photocatalytic oxidation on the surface of the photocatalytic Protectam FN (R) coating is an effective method for the removal of nitrogen oxides from contaminated air.
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Research on inflence of SO2 and NOx on spruce growth
Hruška, Jakub ; Oulehle, Filip ; Kolář, Tomáš
Radial growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in Krušné and Jizerské Mts.responded qiuckly on the decline of SO2 and NOx emissions and S deposition. At the end of 1990´s it was equal to growh measured before the period of high emissions. The best correlation was founded with ambient SO2 concentrations, then with S atmosperic deposion and less important correlation was found with soil chemistry as it is correlated with deposition levels. At present there is no evidence of influence of SO2 and NOX on decline of radial growht. Observed decline in last decade is most probably attributed to climatic conditions.
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Reduction of nitrogen oxides in flue gas on special catalysts
Vávra, Jan ; Krejčí, Tomáš (referee) ; Jecha, David (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on experimental reduction of nitrogen oxides on special catalysts. The latest and state-of-the-art flue gas cleaning technologies are used. Selective catalytic reduction results in the desired level of pollution. It is necessary to meet the prescribed emission limit. A ceramic honeycomb filter based on vanadium and titanium is used as the catalyst. The entire measurement is carried out on the experimental INTEQ II unit, which is installed in the flue gas cleaning laboratory at NETME Center. It is shown which operating parameters achieve better efficiency of flue gas cleaning. Comparison of the BASF and CERAM catalysts is also performed. Finally, a material balance of the system is performed and a new external electric heater is designed to accelerate the heating process.
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Low NOx emission combustion chamber of turbine engines
Šafránek, Martin ; Mašek, Jakub (referee) ; Šplíchal, Miroslav (advisor)
Bachelor thesis examines Low NOx emission combustion chamber of turbine engines. It describes in particular the events taking place in the combustion chambers and the mechanisms of generating all monitored emissions. It also focuses on the description of the most important design parameters, their estimated development, assessment and use in civil aviation. Further, this thesis deals with the legislation of various organizations that create certification standards for regulating the amount of emissions emitted.
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Evaluation of air pollution in dependence on operation of centralized heating systems
Čejková, Eliška ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee)
1 ABSTRACT This bachelor work deals with some environmental aspects of disintegration of traditional centralized heating systems in the Czech Republic. This situation is shown on a particular case of centralized heating supply in a housing estate in town Kroměříž. This centralized heating system has been quickly disintegrating and it is close to its dissolution due to disconnection of customers who has been building their own local household gas boiler plants. The bachelor work calculates the consumption of natural gas for both ways of heating. It is calculated by using the amount of heat energy required for heating of all buildings, including domestic hot water and the average efficiency of these production methods. This work also calculates the amount of emissions NOx (nitrogen oxides) expressed as NO2 (nitrogen dioxid) which are producted by each type of heating. The amount of NO2 is calculated by using emission factor which is obtained from authorized measuring system. One part of this work also deals with nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. Another important part of the bachelor work is about a basic dispersion analysis (study) - dispersion model of pollutant (nitrogen oxides) around the source/sources. One chapter compares the environmental impacts of central and local way of heating from the viewpoint...
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NOx Reduction System
Karafa, Pavel ; Bradávka, Marek (referee) ; Svída, David (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of nitrogen oxides emissions in exhaust gases and possibilities of their reduction. The task of the thesis was analysis of systems for NOX reduction by contemporary diesel engines, design and construction of NOX reduction device for given diesel engine, then verify functionality of this system compiled from commercially available components. In the last part of thesis available measurements will be made with an analysis of achieved results.
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