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Decrease in employment of women taking care of children under three years old as a result of parenthood
Bartůsková, Lucia ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee) ; Šimek, Milan (referee)
The dissertation addresses the issue of the relationship of parenthood, employment and economic inactivity of childcare holders. It focuses on the mother's motivation to work (mothers taking care of children under 3 years of age) in the context of Czech social policy measures. The aim of the thesis is establish proposals for measures that would encourage the motivation of women with children up to 3 years to return to work and simultaneously quantify the impact of these measures on the state budget. This dissertation builds up on the underlying studies (Jahoda, Šinkyříková, 2011; Kalíšková, 2012). These studies deal mainly with examining implemented reforms in the view of their support to women's employment and their effects on household incomes. The decision making of mothers about their involvement in the labour market was analyzed by indicator of Effective cost of return to work. Negative net financial effect of returning to work was found independently of the region and the extent of the examined working time of women, taking care of children up to 2 years. For mothers taking care of children from 2 to 3 years old was this negative net financial effect detected only partly. This result clearly demonstrates that mothers, taking care of children below 3 years of age, entering the labour market are confronted with very high additional costs that would not be covered by their income from employment and other received benefits. Estimated amount of potential wages, which would encourage women to return to work, reach in some cases up to four times the median wage of women in the region. Given these findings, this dissertation proposes several specific social policy measures, which would support the mother's incentives to work return. Economic effects of the proposed measures were quantified, including the cancelation of conditional entitlement to parental benefit, introduction of tax relief for working mothers and 50% relief on employer's mandatory contributions, which employ parents part-time. Implementation of these measures, which would motivate more women to return to work, would bring an estimated net income effect for the state budget amounting to 9.5 billion crowns per year.
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Women on parental leave and their return to labour market
Hrubá, Jana ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Szabová, Lucia (referee)
This thesis is focused on the situation of women - mothers in the Czech labor market as a vulnerable population groups. The work comprehensively analyzes the current system of support for women on maternity leave and subsequent return to the labor market. The theoretical part provides basic concepts and institutions associated with the harmonization of work and family life of women. The analytical part is focused on the causes of insecure women, which are captured from different angles: women, employers, and experts such as sociologists and psychologists. The analysis also provides a comparison of the CR family policy with selected European countries. To better illustrate, the work included a survey that was conducted in the South Region by the questionnaire method. In conclusion this thesis, there are summarizes most important findings detected during processing of the topic.
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Standing of women in management in the Czech Republic
Ježková, Barbora ; Szabová, Lucia (advisor) ; Chalupníček, Pavel (referee)
Today the principle of equality between men and women is enforced in every advanced country. This bachelor's thesis is concerned with the standing of women in management in the Czech Republic. The problems concerning the representation of women in managerial posts has not been very thoroughly explored as of yet. The thesis analyses the situation of women in management. It examines the structure of women's representation in management and their wages. It discloses possible causes of the present state. Then the thesis evaluates critically policy's tools of equal opportunities and compares them with established tools from other countries from European Union.
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DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN IN THE LABOUR MARKET
Szabová, Lucia ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Kubelková, Karina (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the status of women in the labour market. The thesis outlines gender issues and focuses on the principle of equal opportunities for men and women, which has become largely a public issue. The thesis aims to explore two areas in the sphere of employment. The first aim is to detect differences in the status of women in the labour market regarding the level of employment equality and to identify factors that affect them. The second aim is focused on finding differences in the gender pay gap and to identify factors that determine them. The situation of women in the labour market and the wage differences is a statistical examination of data on the Czech Republic. The thesis presents a conclusive explanation of gender inequality in the labour market and the problem of harmonizing work and family life. The legislation is also presented, which represents the efforts of the state to eliminate unequal access to women. Results of the analysis made comprehensive findings of developments and current status of women in the labour market set in a European context.
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