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Impact of the FTA between EU and South Korea on the Czech Republic
Maderová, Karolína ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Hayat, Arshad (referee)
In this thesis we study the effect of Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between European Union and South Korea, especially on the Czech Republic. To do so, we use gravity model. We specify three different gravity equations, each with a different set of fixed effects, and apply two estimation methods on them: Fixed Effects and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood. Apart from this, we also use traditional indicators (Herfindahl and RCA indices) to assess the changes in trade. The results of the gravity model estimations suggest that the FTA did not have a significant impact on the bilateral trade. However, trade diversification analysis using the Herfindahl index and comparative advantage analysis using the RCA index both indicate that the bilateral trade between the Czech Republic and South Korea improved with the FTA in place.
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Corruption Distance and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from European Transition Economies
Yu, Bin ; Paulus, Michal (advisor) ; Bruno, Randolph Luca (referee) ; Semerák, Vilém (referee)
This dissertation builds on Cezar and Escobar's (2015) study of the relationship between institutional distance and foreign direct investment (FDI), but focuses instead on the nexus between corruption distance and FDI. Along the lines of their study, this dissertation uses a two-stage gravity model derived from the framework of heterogeneous firms to empirically estimate the impact of corruption distance on the inward and outward FDI of European transition economies. This dissertation contributes to the literature in several aspects. First, it proposes a new method for measuring corruption distance, considering the importance of firms' previous experience to the development of necessary skills for navigating a foreign business environment. Second, the empirical study distinguished the impact of corruption distance on the extensive and intensive margin by using a rich dataset with three different corruption indices, which thereby differs from most previous studies on this topic. This is also one of the few papers that specifically study this topic in the context of European transition economies. The results show that both conventional and adjusted corruption distance based on the control-of-corruption index only reduces the extensive margin of transition economies' FDI; and that the magnitude of...
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The Impact of the EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement on EU's Exports
Czakojová, Kristýna ; Polák, Petr (advisor) ; Vacek, Pavel (referee)
1 Abstract To support exports, the European Union (EU) and South Korea concluded the EU-South Korea free trade agreement (FTA) in 2010. An objective of the FTA was to reduce or remove barriers to international trade. This thesis examines the impact of the FTA on EU's exports. The gravity model of international trade was applied in the study with using the data over the years 2005-2017. The hypothesis was tested using static and dynamic GLS random and fixed effects, static LSDV model and dynamic GMM model. The two-step SYS- GMM model was concluded as a valid estimate. Empirical analysis shows that the exports between the two countries are predicted to be about 13.8 % higher if they have signed the EU-South Korea Free trade agreement, holding other factors fixed. Moreover, a positive impact of GDP and a negative impact of distance on export were detected, as expected.
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Estimates of the role of non-tariff measures in trade between CZE/EU and Japan
Srna, Jan ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Palanský, Miroslav (referee)
Japan and the European Union negotiated and ratified an agreement about free-trade area that came into effect in January 2019. There haven't been enough data for Japan and the Czech Republic to show the actual impact yet. Gravity model is a useful tool for international trade that can be used to estimate the effect. Various types of methods are used for estimation. The main ones used here in this paper are Random effects and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator. According to PPML model, the impact of the treaty is expected to be 57.3% increase of imports. The model shows positive trade potential for Japan and the Czech Republic. Especially for Japan there is a large gap between model prediction and actual values which means a small trade creation is expected. However, the most of the increasement of bilateral trade should be originated from trade diversion.
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The Role of Offshore Companies in Public Procurement in the EU
Do, Thao Trang ; Palanský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kraicová, Lucie (referee)
Corporate income taxation constitutes a significant share of government revenue on which public expenditure depends heavily, and when multinational enterprises (MNEs) engage in abusive tax practices it adds to the average taxpayer's burden. Additionally, when awarding public contracts to companies connected to notorious havens the efficiency of public spending cannot be ensured. Using data on ownership structures of government suppliers, this paper employs the gravity theory and aims to recognise tax havens' activity on the EU's public procurement market. The gravity model identifies territories with up to 99% unexplained flows of their total procurement supply. In these countries increased risk of abuse is expected and outflow of taxable revenue can be assumed. It is estimated that companies based in or linked to tax havens annually supply about EUR 67 billion worth of EU's public contracts above the natural levels predicted by the gravity model based on economic and geographical determinants.
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Gravity Model Estimation of the Russian Export: The Role of FDI
Horváthová, Monika ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Vykoukal, Jiří (referee) ; Cibulková, Petra (referee)
The main objective of this thesis was to examine the determinants of Russian export directed to its 36 main trading partners. Employing the Gravity model, the standard gravity variables, such as economic masses of the trading partners and their distance, were estimated as having significant impacts on the volume of export from Russia. However, a special attention was paid to the role of FDI, studying whether FDI flows or FDI stock act as complements or substitutes of the export. Unfortunately, with the help of the Fixed-effects and the Random-effects estimation methods we came to statistically insignificant conclusions, which might have been caused by the prevalence of missing observations in the FDI variables.
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China's One Belt and One Road Initiative and its potential for the tourism industries in Africa, Asia and Europe: a gravity model approach
Jannaschk-Schmitz, Patrick ; Paulus, Michal (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
In 2013, China presented the idea of the infrastructure project One Belt One Road. The thesis aims to analyse the potential effects of the initiative, and how its attempt to improve transport infrastructure will impact EU-tourist flows to participating countries. A closer look to the effects on the tourism industry is justified because of the importance of the touristic sector for the global economy. For instance, the direct contribution of the touristic sector accounted for 2.3 trillion USD worldwide in 2016. A gravity model approach is used in the following paper to examine the significance of road, railway, air service as well as port infrastructure for tourists from the European Union. Afterwards, an OBOR simulation is carried out that forecasts a potential change for EU-tourist inflows. The results go in line with previous gravity model studies regarding the positive relationship of the GDP and the inverse influence of the distance on tourism flows. Furthermore, the findings suggest a significant impact of well-developed road, railway and air service networks. However, the quality of ports did not meet the expectations and is somewhat contra productive for the decision making of EU tourists. The simulation for the improvement of transport infrastructure implies that countries with an under-...
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Potential for Agricultural Trade between China and Central and Eastern Europe within the 16+1 Framework
Rasenko, Elena ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
The goal of the following paper is to analyse the trade potential for Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and China in the trade of food products. Even though the trade in food products is comparably low, there are several reasons why it is worth a deeper analysis. Food security is having an important role in the Chinese domestic politics. Due to environmental, socio- economic and demographic changes, China cannot be self-sufficient and is therefore dependent on food imports. Since the introduction of the One Belt One Road Initiative and the 16+1 framework, China aims to improve the cooperation and trade in food commodities with participating countries. CEE can be a reliable partner because it produces high quality products with comparative advantages. With the help of the Gravity Model, the effects of the 16+1 framework was estimated, as well as the trade potential. Following the results, the introduction of the 16+1 framework has a positive and significant effect on agricultural trade between CEE and China. However, only five countries have potential to increase their food exports to China, while the remaining eleven already exceed their food exports. China on the other hand, is exporting below its potential in most of the cases.
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Does money laundering determine the direction of FDI?
Gjika, Rubi ; Paulus, Michal (advisor) ; Janský, Petr (referee)
Does money laundering determine the direction of FDI? Rubi Gjika The goal of this thesis is to investigate the relationship of FDI and money laundering through a Gravity model approach. Overall empirical results of the thesis suggest that FDI originating from highly developed European economies are insensitive to money laundering motives. However, its findings diverge only for developed destination countries and they suggest that for this group, jurisdictions officially listed as money laundering centers attract significantly more FDI stocks than other countries.
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