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The Impact of the Global Crisis 2008-2009 on the US Economic Policy Development
Mintál, Jakub ; Neumann, Pavel (advisor) ; Jedlinský, Jakub (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to characterize the development of economic policy from the beginning of the financial crisis to the current policy in the United States and to determine the impact of this policy on the economy of the United States. The first chapter of this thesis deals generally with the global crisis and solves the cause of the crisis. The second chapter deals with economic policy and describes anti-crisis measures of fiscal and monetary policy. The last chapter deals with the development of key macroeconomic indicators, the development of government debt and Fed's criticism, and evaluates the effectiveness of economic policy.
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Economic policy of Brazil
Janišová, Michaela ; Procházková Ilinitchi, Cristina (advisor) ; Hasík, Gabriel (referee)
The thesis deals with an economic policy of Brazil. The aim of this thesis is to find out the main tools which are used to reach the main targets of economic policy and to evaluate their efficiency. Thesis is divided into three main chapters. In the first one, which is theoretical, is generally defined an economic policy, its functioning and terms which are connected to it. The second chapter focuses on the four main tools of economic policy and its measures to prevent the unfavourable economical and political situation in the country. Eventually, the third chapter, analyses and evaluates the efficiency of economic policy tools in Brazil during the last decade using the four main economical targets.
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Problems and the long-term sustainability of public finance in Japan: Will Japan face sovereign default?
Jägerová, Lenka ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Neumann, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the current situation of public finance in Japan and its long-term fiscal sustainability. The partial objective is to define the fiscal and debt sustainability of the Japan's economy and to evaluate the objectives of government reforms undertook in this area. Further, the thesis examines the link between the fiscal situation and the other problems that Japan is facing, particularly Japan's ageing population, weak domestic consumption and slow economic growth. The diploma thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter recalls the basic knowledge of the theory of public finance and fiscal policy. The other two chapters are empirical. It is analysed economic development of Japan after the entry into the new millennium and the fiscal reforms approved by Prime Minister Koizumi and current Prime Minister Abe. At the end of the thesis the fiscal situation and long-term sustainability is evaluated.
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National debt of Czech Republic
Chung, Su Won ; Izák, Vratislav (advisor) ; Klazar, Stanislav (referee)
The dissertation analyzes national debt of Czech Republic between the years 1996 to 2015 as well as comparing it to other member states of European Union with a brief suggestion of how to lower the debt. Results are based on documents from Ministry of Finance of Czech Republic.
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The impact of the financial and economic crisis on Germany
Kremerová, Kristýna ; Jiránková, Martina (advisor) ; Straková, Eliška (referee)
This thesis focuses on interpreting the impacts of the financial and economic crisis (2008/2009) on the Federal Republic of Germany. With the help of selected macroeconomic indicators, it compares the situation in the country before the crisis, its course and the state in which Germany emerged from the crisis. Additionally, this development is compared with the selected world economies. It also focuses on content analysis of anti-crisis measures of the state, especially the so-called "Konjunkturpakete", and necessary interventions in the banking sector. It then evaluates the amount and evolution of public gross debt. In conclusion, the thesis focuses on the analysis of the country according to the "Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure" method. Conclusions in our work suggest that the Federal Republic of Germany managed to recover relatively quickly from the crisis, but still suffers from macroeconomic imbalances.
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The fiscal policy of the Russian Federation and its influence on the business environment
Kudravets, Yevgeniy ; Soukup, Jindřich (advisor) ; Kulbakov, Nikolay (referee)
The current Bachelor's Thesis describes the basic concepts of the fiscal policy, the distinctiveness of its mechanisms and instruments, problems of the fiscal policy administration and the analysis of its influence on major macroeconomic determinants and the business environment of the Russian Federation during the period of economic crisis and economic growth. For these purposes, there was used the Fiscal Codex of the Russian Federation and the Hodrick-Prescott filter, which enabled the calculation of the product gap and served as the basis for the detailed analysis of the fiscal policy of the Russian Federation. The work also includes the detailed description of the prospects for the development of the fiscal policy of the Russian Federation during the 2017-2019 period including the pre-planned structures of budget revenues and expenditures.
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Fiscal policy of the Russian federation after 2008
Isaeva, Anastasia ; Soukup, Jindřich (advisor) ; Kulbakov, Nikolay (referee)
The aim of this bachelors thesis is to evaluate the impact of the fiscal measures of the Russian government on the economy of the state as a whole and to assess the impact of the excessive tax burden on the business sphere. The content of the theoretical part is the definition of the basic concepts of the given issue, the principles of functioning and the objective of fiscal policy, the function of public budgets and information on revenues and expenditures of the state budget. Theoretical part also contains the structure and progression of the government budgets of the Russian Federation after 2008. The practical part includes an analysis of fiscal measures of the Russian government on the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Another important point of the practical part is the analysis of subjective opinion of the management of enterprises on the tax burden in the Russian Federation.
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Vliv fiskální politiky na příjmovou nerovnost ve vybraných zemích Latinské Ameriky
Urbanová, Anna ; Maialeh, Robin (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
The region of Latin America remains the most unequal in the world, despite the downward trend of last years. The negative socioeconomic impact of high income inequality has been examined and proved by many studies. The difference between inequality rates in Latin America and more equalitarian countries is much bigger when regarding income after taxes and transfers, which follows that the source of persisting high rates of unequal income distribution might be found in ineffective fiscal policy. This thesis examines the assumed impact of implemented fiscal policy on level of income inequality for four Latin American countries (Mexico, Brazil, Chile and Colombia). In the theoretical part, theoretical background for income inequality and fiscal policy is covered. The practical part includes analysis of development of income inequality, public expenditures and tax revenues in these countries from 1992 to 2012. Subsequently, regression model proves a significant negative impact of public health expenditures on income inequality in case of Mexico, Brazil and Chile. Public spending on education is found effective in reduction of income inequality in Brazil, however in case of Chile an increase in public spending on education seems to increase unequal distribution of income among households. Main finding of this thesis is that when efficiently targeted, fiscal policies aimed at increasing expenditure on health and education systems are likely to serve as effective measures of reduction of unequal income distribution.
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Impact of tax rates on tax revenue for the state – modeling of Laffer curve
Šmejkal, Martin ; Soukup, Jindřich (advisor) ; Makovský, Petr (referee)
There are many recent studies which try to find the evidence of the Laffer curve in national economies or aggregated OECD data. In this Master Thesis I focus on testing of the primary linear relation of the corporate income tax rate and the corporate tax base, that I call herein adjusted Laffer curve. The adjusted Laffer curve is then transferred through the simplification into the ordinary Laffer curve. The linear regression analysis is performed on the OECD data of 34 countries across years 2000 to 2014. Firstly, the countries are split by the national tax system criteria, such as tax quota, tax revenue allocation or tax structure of revenues that I consider essential for further analysis. Based on the results of linear regression I can only find Laffer curve in set of countries that aim to collect tax revenues mainly from direct taxes. However, there are also other major findings, such as the fact that negative relation of the corporate income tax rate and the corporate tax base, can be found in countries with the higher tax quota, while not in those with the lower tax quota.
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Economic Policy in the USA and Germany 1933–1939
Johnson, Zdenka ; Tajovský, Ladislav (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee) ; Slaný, Antonín (referee)
The dissertation provides an analysis, evaluation, and comparison of selected areas of economic policy in the United States of America and Germany from 1933 to 1939 within the context of the 1920s, the Great Depression, and the Second World War. Based on a thorough analysis of the determined objectives, tools, the intended and unintended impacts of their fiscal policies, monetary policies, and foreign-trade policies, the dissertation thesis aims to verify the basic hypothesis that the United States and German economic policies were largely similar as responding to similar issues that both advanced economies had to face. During the verification process, the author relies mainly on the genuine processing and analysis of original statistical sources. In the individual chapters of the dissertation both identical, and also different features in selected types of economic policies are presented. On the basis of a comparison of the main economic-policies trends, despite some differences in the partial characteristics of chosen economic policy types, it can be concluded that economic policies of the central governments of Germany and the United States of America were similar in surprisingly many respects.
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