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Neurological manifestations of Fabry disease
Reková, Petra ; Kemlink, David (advisor) ; Karetová, Debora (referee) ; Kešnerová, Petra (referee)
Neurological manifestations of Fabry disease Abstract The presented thesis deals with cerebrovascular manifestations of a rare X-linked disease, Fabry disease (FD). Screening programs can detect unrecognized disease and increase awareness of the disease with the goal of early diagnosis and initiation of therapy before developing an irreversible organ damage. Identifying vascular abnormalities and the influence of comorbidities on the cerebrovascular phenotype of FD patients may help to promote the knowledge of the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular involvement. The main objectives of the studies underlying this thesis were to determine the prevalence of FD and to evaluate the relevance of FD diagnosis in an at-risk group of patients with acute ischemic stroke, to analyse the cerebrovascular phenotype of patients with FD using ultrasound, and to identify predictors of significant cerebrovascular involvement. In this thesis we showed a relatively high prevalence of FD in adult patients with acute stroke, proposed to reclassify the G325S variant, and identified a novel R30K variant. We noted that the combination of aseptic meningitis with lacunar stroke in a young person should lead to suspicion of FD. We further demonstrated multiple differences in neurosonological parameters between patients with FD and a...
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Attitudes of active smokers, patients of outpatient services, after a stroke towards smoking
Horvátová, Tatiana ; Svěcená, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
Background: "A stroke is a brain disease caused by a sudden vascular supply malfunction" (Růžička, 2019, p. 213) and "nn the Czech Republic, it affects more than 50,000 people every year" (Zámečník et al., 2019, p. 676). Smoking is one of the most common modifiable risk factors of its occurrence. Chemicals in cigarettes are involved in the development of atherosclerosis and other pathologies leading to stroke and heart disease (Kim et al., 2012). Research suggests that even a complex life event, such as a stroke, does not lead to quitting smoking in many patients. This may be related to the low awareness of the population that smoking is a risk factor for stroke despite relatively high awareness of the negative effects of cigarettes in general. The emotional relationship of smokers to smoking is strong and the rationalization of smoking is strong as well. Aim: The aim of the thesis is to find out the attitudes of active smokers after a stroke towards smoking. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a research part. The theoretical part focuses on the issue of stroke, risk factors for its occurrence and explains the conative, cognitive, and emotional components of attitudes. In the research part, the attitudes towards smoking of active smokers after a stroke are determined. Methods: Data...
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Social inequalities in stroke prevalence in Europe
Šimka, Vojtěch ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Bruthans, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyses the relationship between the prevalence of stroke and the level of education in European countries. The aim of the thesis is to identify the factors that influence this relationship using data obtained from the EHIS study. The thesis focuses on the analysis of social inequalities in stroke prevalence in Europe. The results of the analysis confirm the existence of significant social inequalities in the prevalence of this disease in some European countries. Factors contributing to a higher chance of stroke in individuals with lower socioeconomic status have been identified. On the basis of these results, recommendations for governments of countries with a high prevalence of social inequalities are formulated in the final chapter of the thesis. These recommendations relate to access to health care, including stroke prevention and treatment, and aim to reduce social inequalities in this area.
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Analysis of processing Rehawalk data in patients after stroke
Řiháková, Emma ; Oplatková, Lenka (advisor) ; Pintarová, Sylva (referee)
Diploma thesis entitled "Analysis of Gait data utilizing the Rehawalk treadmill in post- stroke patients," is focused on investigating the gait parameters of individuals who have suffered a stroke and subsequently undergone analysis on the Zebris Rehawalk treadmill. This study specifically examines temporal and spatial parameters, including step length, anteroposterior Center of Pressure (COP) position, and lateral COP symmetry. The theoretical section of the thesis provides an in-depth discussion on stroke causes, clinical effects, and rehabilitation interventions. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the Zebris Rehawalk treadmill, employed for both analytical and therapeutic purposes, along with a delineation of its specifications. The central objective of this research was to determine how the aforementioned gait parameters evolve over time among post-stroke patients. The resulting values indicate the effectiveness of post-stroke gait therapy, which is an important component of independence and autonomy. The study includes participants who have experienced a stroke, the experimental cohort (n=24; females=5, males=19), as well as a control group, healthy individuals (n=47; females=32, males=15). The control cohort was utilized solely for the purpose of result comparison concerning...
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The students knowledge of the medical high school in the area of prevention and first aid for a stroke
Nováková, Zuzana ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Váchová, Alena (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of stroke, specifically what the knowledge of chosen nursing school students in this important part of neurological field is. Theoretical part of the thesis includes basic knowledge about this illness, gained from studying professional sources. Practical part is worked out on the basis of survey, that took place in chosen nursing school. The aim was to evaluate the level of chosen school students ́ knowledge about the stroke issue, focused particularly on the recognition of the symptoms of stroke, first aid provision and the knowledge of stroke risk factors and prevention. Finding out, if the grade level of chosen nursing school students has effect on their knowledge in this field, was the another aim. Answers of 102 responders were evaluated and specific steps based on the result of the survey were formulated. It will lead to increased awareness and earned knowledge specification of stroke issue among chosen nursing school students. The stroke issue is part of the nursing school curriculum throughout all grades. With the help of the research it was determined that the most frequent deficiencies were in the area of risk factors of stroke, prevention and therapy. Out of a total of 102 respondents, most would be able to identify general risk factors for...
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Suggestions for spiritual care for persons with acquired brain injury
Kurovská, Lenka ; Macek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Ulrichová, Monika (referee)
This thesis deals with the area of spiritual care for persons that suffered a traumatic brain injury, stroke or another brain damage at adult age. It describes what these people have to go through after termination of acute treatment, what are their needs and coping strategies. It presents results of researches dealing with correlation between spirituality/religiosity and managing of unfavourable circumstances connected with the health condition, therapy and rehabilitation. It summarises the recommendations for suitable adjustment of spiritual care to somatic, communication, cognitive and psychosocial changes, which may occur as a result of the brain injury. It pays special attention to the use of expressive therapies and supplementary methods thanks to which it is possible to reflect spiritual topics also in other ways than in a classical conversation.
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Nutritional interventions for patients with brain injuries and movement limitations
Kadečková, Klára ; Sládková, Petra (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
Patients with acquired brain damage, who are attending rehabilitation day-care center on the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the General Hospital and the First Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague, are often limited by fatigue and lack of energy. Patients are attending day hospital mainly with brain damage acquired after stroke and less often also after brain trauma. Secondary prevention of atherosclerosis development or progression and prevention of stroke relapse is very important with these patients. Nutritional intervention plays significant role in prevention and treatment of many risk factors of an atherosclerotic artery damage. Common consequence of brain damage is development of secondary sarcopenia. Patient in day hospital must bring their own food. Individualized program as a result from examination by the multidisciplinary team doesn't include nutritional assessment. Study with patients with acquired brain damage was carried out on Department of Rehabilitation. Study used bioelectrical impedance analysis provided by InBody 370 S. Body composition of patients was measured. This data and anthropometric measurements were evaluated for presence of metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Muscle mass percentage was evaluated as well. Study found out that most...
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Deep-learning based model implementation for pathological tissue characterization in brain MR images
Malík, Michael ; Nemčeková, Petra (referee) ; Chmelík, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of image segmentation by using a deep learning model. The theoretical part describes the anatomy and selected pathology of brain. The thesis also deals with the construction of MR device and creation of an MR image. In the closing section of theoretical part, the main focus is on describing the possibilities of image segmentation with the use of deep learning architectures and selected publicly available dataset. The aim of the practical part is to put the mentioned dataset and pre-processed data to the test and acquire results of image segmentations of individual patients from attached model of neural network. In conclusion, the achieved results are appropriately discussed.
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Walking training within Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation concept in stroke patients. ; Influencing of the Mid-Stance phase of stride
Nováková, Jana ; Slámová, Adéla (advisor) ; Balíková, Tereza (referee)
OF BACHELOR THESIS Name, surname: Jana Nováková Supervisor: Ing. Adéla Slámová Consultant: Mgr. Jakub Kozel Title: Walking training within Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation concept in stroke patients Subtitle: Influencing of the Mid-Stance phase of stride Abstract: The topic of the bachelor's thesis is the training of walking in patients after a stroke. This acquired non-traumatic brain damage represents the second most common non-traumatic cause of death in today's modern civilization, in the Czech Republic the incidence of this disease is around 300 cases/100,000 inhabitants. The consequences of a stroke are usually numerous, and one of the resulting disorders can be hemiparetic walking with spasticity. The theoretical part includes four main chapters. The first section is devoted to the description of a commonly occurring non-traumatic brain injury, namely the description of a stroke. The second chapter describes stereotype, kinesiology and gait analysis. The third chapter includes a description of the philosophy of Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), basic concepts and principles of the concept, PNF therapy of hemiparetic gait and summarizes the issue of spasticity in PNF therapy. In the last section, walking tests for patients after a stroke, their use and application in...
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Use of dance therapy in neurorehabilitation from the perspective of a physiotherapist
Tlustá, Tereza ; Gueye, Tereza (advisor) ; Sládková, Petra (referee)
First and last name: Tereza Tlustá Supervisor: MUDr. Bc.Tereza Gueye Ph.D. Opponent of the thesis: Name of the thesis: Use of dance therapy in neurorehabilitation from the perspective of a physiotherapist. Abstract of the thesis: The bachelor's thesis summarises the present level of knowledge and evidence on the impact of dance therapy on motor symptoms of neurological disorders through a systematic review. The theoretical part provides a comprehensive overview of dance and dance movement therapy and their impact on the musculoskeletal and nervous system. A part of the thesis is also focused on the characteristics and scope of physical rehabilitation of neurological patients and the characteristics of symptoms of some neurological diseases, namely Parkinson's disease and stroke. In the second phase, by analyzing the studies obtained by literature search, fifteen recent and relevant articles were included and analyzed. Through analytical analysis of the results of testing and evaluation of each study, it is determined whether and under what conditions dance therapy was effective. The presented articles include studies testing the effect of dance therapy on stability and gait in Parkinson's disease and post-stroke patients. The paper presents a mostly positive conclusion about the effect of dance...
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