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Protection of biodiversity of deep sea-bed in areas beyond national jurisdiction
Kopecký, Martin ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
Protection of biodiversity of deep sea-bed in areas beyond national jurisdiction Protection of the marine environment including ecosystems and biodiversity of the seabed, is one of the main goals towards which international environmental law should be aiming. In the first part of this diploma thesis, I presented the main deep-seabed ecosystems, and I drew attention to the main discrepancies between the natural scientific and legal view of these ecosystems. In the second part of this thesis, I presented crucial legal principles and approaches that are applicable to the protection of the deep seabed, and I included examples of binding and non-binding legal instruments which contain those principles. I further outlined their status in the current system of international law, particularly with regard to the international customary and treaty law. In the third part of this thesis, I analysed specific international conventions which apply to the protection of deep seabed biodiversity. First, I analysed the UN Convention on the marine law, and then I focused on two regional legal regulations: Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic and Antarctic Treaty System. At first, I addressed the question whether they include the main principles and approaches which I...
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Legal regulation of ex situ biodiversity conservation
Hronová, Ivana ; Derlich, Stanislav (advisor) ; Damohorský, Milan (referee)
Legal regulation of ex situ biodiversity conservation Abstract This thesis focuses on the legal regulation of biodiversity conservation at international, European and mainly national level, in relation to ex situ conservation. The aim of the thesis is to introduce and provide an overview of the legal regulation of biodiversity conservation with a focus on ex situ protection of species of animals and plants. The secondary objectives of the thesis are de lege ferenda considerations in response to the identified shortcomings of the legal regulation in the Czech Republic, together with a comparison of selected provisions of the Slovak and Czech legal system. Overall, the thesis is intended to encourage reflection on the importance of biodiversity conservation and to focus attention on programmes, facilities and other methods of addressing ex situ protection. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part deals with basic concepts such as biodiversity and its levels, or a more detailed definition of in situ and ex situ conservation. The global issue of species extinction and the overall loss of biodiversity is also discussed along with the importance of its conservation. The second part covers the sources of international and European law in the field of nature protection and care for biological...
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Are former common pastures a significant part of protected areas?
Kosová, Barbora ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Härtel, Handrij (referee)
Former common pastures show a higher biological value than the surrounding landscape and they usually represent areas of conservation value. The aim of this thesis is to find out whether the state nature protection of the Czech Republic reflects this fact. For this purpose, 210 small protected areas in six districts in three regions, namely Cheb and Sokolov districts in Karlovy Vary region, Česká Lípa and Jablonec nad Nisou districts in Liberec region, and Kroměříž and Zlín disctricts in Zlín region were analyzed. The former common pastures were located within the boundaries of the small protected areas according to the historical maps of Stable Cadastre from the first half of the 19th century. To determine biotope diversity of analyzed areas the Natura 2000 biotope mapping was used. Data from the species database were used to compare species diversity of the studied protected areas. In conclusion, the former common pastures were located in 30 out of 210 small protected areas and on average covered 3,6 % of the protected area. Above average values were found in the districts of Zlín region. Higher biotope diversity of the former common pastures was confirmed, as well as higher biotope diversity of protected areas, in which former common pastures were located. The differences in the species...
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Loss of valuable meadow biotopes in connection with the construction of new buildings
Nikodýmová, Amálie ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Bílá, Karolína (referee)
- AJ A serious problem of nature protection in Šumava is the problem of the gradual loss of traditionally farmed meadows, which are the objects of protection of the Natura 2000 system in SAC Šumava. Meadow biotopes in this area are decreasing mainly as a result of their encroachment by construction projects. The Šumava National Park Administration, as the competent state nature protection authority, does not have a database that would record the exact loss of meadow biotopes in SAC Šumava in connection with construction. The absence of this information represents a serious obstacle of the state administration of nature protection. As part of this bachelor's thesis, a search of methodological procedures used for the protection of grassland biotopes in large Natura 2000 sites will be carried out. Special attention will be paid to the occupation of biotopes in connection with construction. Part of this thesis will be also the testing of the methodology for the evaluation of meadow biotopes encroachment by construction in EVL Šumava. Key words: Natura 2000, biodiversity, meadows, development
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Metabarcoding and environmental sequencing projects
Kandaurova, Ekaterina ; Hampl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Poláková, Kateřina (referee)
The thesis explores the use of metabarcoding in projects uncovering biological diversity and its applications in various fields of biology. The thesis provides an overview of the principles and workflow of metabarcoding, including the choice of specific molecular markers for various groups of organisms and the bioinformatics aspect of data analysis. Limitations of metabarcoding, such as lack of standardization, primer bias and targeting metabolically inactive organisms are discussed along with potential strategies for overcoming these obstacles. The practical application of metabarcoding is demonstrated on examples of its use in sequencing projects, such as Human Microbiome Project or TARA Oceans expedition. The potential of using metabarcoding for research purposes is discussed from the perspective of paleontology, diet analysis, and conservation biology. Overall, this work aims to assess the potential of metabarcoding as a powerful tool and could serve as an initial guidance for researchers interested in utilizing metabarcoding for their scientific investigations. Keywords: metabarcoding, eDNA, molecular markers, NGS, bioinformatics, biodiversity.
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Ecological status of Lake Baikal
Mongolova, Marina ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to study the ecological status of Lake Baikal. The research focuses on the main problems related to the impact of human activity on the lake. During the study, data on the hydrochemistry of the lake and its tributaries were analysed and scientific papers on the ecological status of Lake Baikal were reviewed. Based on the data were identified the main types of pollutants and places of their concentration. As a result of this work was obtained a more complete picture of the condition of Lake Baikal and were identified its main problems.
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Faktory ovlivňující početnost nepůvodního savčího predátora kočky domácí (Felis catus) ve středoevropské kulturní krajině a lidských sídlech.
KALENDOVÁ, Pavlína
The domestic cat is currently one of the most widespread invasive predators, which causes great losses to populations of many species. Due to its strong association with humans, individuals of this species are found on almost every continent and many islands, where it acts as a strong extinction factor. Using point counts, I surveyed the abundance of cats and bird species in the vicinity of České Budějovice and evaluated whether selected environmental factors influence the presence of domestic cats. The selected factors included site type, habitat, weather, temperature, season, and amount of vegetation at the site at the time of the inspection. The weather was only factor that had a statistically significant effect. Specifically, more cats were recorded on partly cloudy and sunny days than on bright or gloomy days. I also investigated whether the presence of the domestic cat at a given location has an effect on the number of recorded bird species or the number of individuals. According to the results, the presence of one or more cats at particular sites did not have a statistically significant effect on the number of bird species or the number of individuals.
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Percepce návratu divokých býložravců do krajiny ČR
Cenková, Jitka
The bachelor thesis deals with the return of the natural grazing with a help of wild herbivores, such as wild horses, aurochs and European bison into the landscape of the Czech Republic. Based on literary research, a positive influence on the natural grazing for increasing the diversity of species in the landscape has been identified. The thesis is focused on a pilot project in Milovice reserve in which the natural grazing is taking place since 2015. In the described project, an increase of the tourist potential and a spread of awareness of the region which is developing due to the territorial reserve project has been found. The following aim of the bachelor thesis is, based on the questionnaire, to evaluate, how the inhabitants of the Czech Republic perceive this project and its impact on the future. The target group, the inhabitants of the Central Bohemian Region, evaluate the project and its impacts positively. The inhabitants of other regions have not heard about this project and there are also some negative opinions. The aim of the thesis is to suggest additional tourist activities and to promote the project in the vicinity of the reserve.
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Biodiverzita dřevních hub v oblasti Národní přírodní rezervace Divoká Oslava
Nováček, Martin
The bachelor thesis deals with the surveying of the biodiversity of wood fungi in National Nature Reserve Divoká Oslava. The reserve originated in 1.12.2019, therefore it is relatively young and characteristic with its original and close-to-nature landscape. Inside of the reserve were chosen two locations with the highest potential of the presence of wood fungi and there was since the November 2018 to the November 2020 carried periodical survey through errand method. The collection and identification of the sporocarps took place, taking of the photographic documentation, and the evaluated parameters on the ecology of the species and the substrate on which the fungus grew, were entered into the field diary. In total there were 53 species of the wood fungi found, from which two species are entered in the Red List of Fungi (macromycetes) of the Czech Republic.
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