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Zařazování nemléčných příkrmů do výživy kojenců
VRBASOVÁ, Tereza
The inclusion of non-dairy foods into the infants nutrition is very important period. The infant now needs all the nutritions in the most optional proportion. The inclusion of individuals foodstuffs into the nutritions small children has some rules. Allergenic foodstuffs needs to be classified gradually and with the caution. It's recommended to introduce alergens as soon as possible, later introduction may lead to a higher risk of allergic reaction. The inclusion of foodstuffs or allergens in the child's diet is always advesible to consult with the doctor.
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Možnosti zachycení a recyklace živin při vypouštění rybníků
DOFEK, Jan
This diploma thesis tries to verify the possibilities of effective retention of sediments and nutrients from the run-off water during harvesting of ponds. Retention was tested using a system of two barriers made of organic material looking to temporarily count down water in the drains and extend the water residence time to sediment the particles. Monitoring of water quality was demonstrated on eight ponds in the South Bohemian Region, which manages fisheries company the Blatenská ryba, s.r.o. The following parameters were monitored: Undissolved substances 105; 550, total and dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, total carbon, total organic carbon, BOD5, CODCr, calcium, magnesium, potassium, large iron and dissolved. Water samles were processed in the laboratories of the state enterprise Povodí Vltavy in České Budějovice. Evaluation of results based on the evaluation of nutrient content in water and sediment samples on the profile under the dam (profile A) and under the other barrier (profile B). The flow of water over two hundred barriers increased the water quality. There was a statistical decrease earlier in all monitored parameters. The difference between the values of the values on profile A under the pond and under the other barrier (profile B) was not confirmed only in Fedissolve and at Pdissolve., at any time to increase their concentration. During the discharge of water from the pond and during the actual fishing of water to increase all monitored parameters. The highest values of concentrations were found at the end of BOD5, US105, US550, Fe and Fedissolve. The highest values during fishing are caused by the active movement of fish, people in catch basin.and with the crawling of fish, the pulling of the net, the lifting of the roofs of the net and the core. By flowing through the barriers, the concentration in the effluent water was reduced by up to 50%. Retention of up to 90% was possible for individual parameters (TP). According to these experiences, the efforts of operators should be to capture nutrients, especially from the start of fishing to the start of discharge and stopping the outflow of water, when it is possible to significantly eliminate their leakage into the basin. On average, 9,834 kg.ha-1 of sediment (in the raw state) was published. In this amount of sediment, 1015.89 kg of total nitrogen (22.3 kg.ha-1), 206.04 kg of total phosphorus (4.47 kg.ha-1), 294.11 kg of potassium (6.56 kg.ha-1), 1,097.92 kg calcium (23.58 kg.ha-1) and 10,108.63 kg received (220.69 kg.ha-1). The perceived sediment contained an average of 4.47 kg.ha-1 phosphorus. Dissolved phosphorus is a key parameter in the problem of eutrophication. The results of the water do not show that the catch of the pond is not such a serious problem in terms of dissolved phosphorus. During catches, the bound form of phosphorus predominated, with a share of 99%. The results, according to the objectives, can be used to capture the technology of sedimentation and nutrients in the run-off water when fishing ponds. Barriers made of organic material are able to retain and sediment nutrients from running water from ponds. This makes it possible to improve the quality of water discharge when fishing for ponds.
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Současný stav kvality vody v rybnících
BENEDIKT, Adam
Monitoring the quality of water in a pond in connection with fisheries management did not begin to gain importance until the end of the 20th century. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted on this topic. Currently, the most significant problem affecting not only the fishing companies is the eutrophication and its impact on the function of a pond and the surrounding landscape (including biodiversity and the overall impact of eutrophication on the environment). Anthropogenic activity (e.g., fish farming, wastewater, and agriculture) leads to an excessive release of mineral nutrients, predominately phosphorus and nitrogen, into open waters. This bachelor thesis compares the data obtained from measurements from the year 2017 with data from the 1950s. until 2014 as documented in the written records. The actual data represent the basic physicochemical parameters of water (i.e., temperature, O2 concentration, pH, conductivity and ORP, TN, NH4-N, NO3-N, TP, DRP, TOC, and chlorophyll-a). The evaluation is based on a collection of data from six ponds in the vicinity of České Budějovice (Beranov, Roubíček, Zběhov, Posměch, Kvítkovice, and Dehtář) with a representation of production and fry tanks.
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Methodology for use of technological waters on agricultural land (3rd ed.)
Mühlbachová, Gabriela ; Svoboda, Pavel ; Klír, Jan ; Vegricht, Jiří
The production of technological waters from stables is evaluated in the methodology for the use of technological waters in agriculture. The corresponding legislation amended in 2021 is described. Attention is focused on technological waters from livestock breeding and simple processing of plant products. The production of technological waters is evaluated from the point of view of individual operations in which the technological waters are produces, particularly in milking and cooling equipment. THe characteristics of technological waters, particuarly the nutrient contents and potential risks of their use on the agricultural land are also evaluated in the methodology. the influence of tehcnological eaters on the growth of plants and microbial biomass content and activity in the soil was experimentally verified. The methodology contains the recommendation for the application of technological waters on the agricultural land.
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Influence of makroelements from food on DNA and epigenetic profile
Veselý, Zdeněk ; Kouřilová, Xenie (referee) ; Brázda, Václav (advisor)
The macroelements contained in food have an important function for the human body. They are involved in several of biochemical reactions in the body and their abundance can prevent serious diseases. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis describes the function of minerals in the human body, the function of DNA and epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation or histone modification. The influence of nutrition and function of selected macroelements – sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium on epigenetic modifications and on the stability of G-quadruplexes was described. The aim of the experimental part of this work was to study the effect of these substances on DNA structures in vitro and to prepare them experimentally for in vivo studies.
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Drinking regime as a part of a children and teenagers healthy lifestyle
Grassinger, Tomáš ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines drinking regime of elementary school pupils in Chrast, a small town in the Chrudim region. The paper is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part highlights the importance of water in the human body. It also deals with the nutrients and other usual drinks ingredients. Firstly, various kinds of drinks are described as well as their effect on the human body. Fruit, vegetables and soup, partly counted into drinking regime, are also dealt with. Secondly, the nutritional recommendations concerning the drinking regime within younger school age children, teenagers as well as children with nutritional resctrictions are examined. This part also deals with the drinks which children prefer, examining the reasons of their choice. The practical part is focused on the research which was applied with the pupils and the teachers of the Chrast elementary school. The data were gained through a questionnaire survey. The survey examines the main principles of drinking regime within the pupils, their opinions and ideas. It also monitors the teachers view of the proper and healthy drinking regime of their pupils. The results are characterized and summarized in the conclusion of the thesis. In addition to that, the recommendations for the school and the school...
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The effect of invasive and native plants on abiotic and biotic soil properties
Hanzelková, Věra ; Aldorfová, Anna (advisor) ; Sudová, Radka (referee)
Invasive plants represent an important topic of study in current ecology because of their effects on whole ecosystems. The plants interact with the soil including soil biota, with the other plants in the community and with other organisms, eg. herbivores. Invasive plants often differ from non- invasive plants in nutrient utilization and can thus affect soil pH as well. They may also differ in the way they interact with mycorrhizal fungi that help the plants with nutrient uptake. In this study, the effect of invasive and native plants on soil properties is compared. Congeneric pairs of species, where one species is native and the other invasive, are compared. The native species are chosen so that they are dominant and therefore comparable to the invasive plants in the new environment. The evaluated soil properties are pH value and content of elemental nutrients from abiotic properties, and the amount of mycorrhizal fungi propagules and their spreading rate in soil from the biotic properties. In this study, the invasive and native plants differ only in the content of exchangeable phosphorus and potassium. Content of these two nutrients and one of the indicators of mycorrhizal fungi differ within the pairs of species as well. For most soil properties, the genus of the plant plays the main role, not...
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Extreme abiotic conditions as determinants of phytoplankton structure in high mountain lakes
Mihál, Martin ; Nedbalová, Linda (advisor) ; Hořická, Zuzana (referee)
There are many areas with extreme environmental conditions in the world. One of them are high mountain lakes which are located above treeline. Bachelor thesis presents the main abiotic conditions as determinants of phytoplankton structure in high mountain lakes. It has to cope with significant changes in light conditions and high intensity of sunlight during ice-free periods and with an important diminution of radiation by snow and ice cover. The thesis also discusses the influence of temperature, which is related to the duration of the ice and snow cover and a stratification of lakes. It characterizes local factors, such as topographic shading, morphology of lakes and character of basins, which affect chemical and physical properties of lakes. The thesis also mentions the impact of atmospheric deposition and other factors on nutrient concentrations in the water column. In addition, it discusses the adaptations of phytoplankton to environmental conditions, which include development of deep chlorophyll maximum, biosynthesis of protective compounds and nutrition strategy (mixotrophy). The thesis shows that there are many specific abiotic factors, which influence phytoplankton in high mountain lakes and all these factors interact. This results in a characteristic species composition with prevalence of...
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Diversity, ecology and ecophysiology of snow algae
Mikešová, Lenka ; Nedbalová, Linda (advisor) ; Kvíderová, Jana (referee)
Permanent and temporary snow cover in polar and mountain areas is a very extreme habitat. However, there are organisms that inhabit this environment. Green algae of the order Chlamydomonadales (Chlorophyta) belong among the important representatives of cryoseston, which are known from polar and mountain regions around the world. These organisms, which occupied the snow environment probably secondarily, developed different ecophysiological adaptations required for the successful survival in extreme conditions. Low temperatures and high levels of radiation are the main extreme factors that organisms must cope with. The most important survival mechanisms include the adaptation of life cycles (such as of the shifts between resistant stages and moving vegetative stages), accumulation of secondary carotenoids, changes in fatty acid composition of membranes and lowering of growth temperature optima in some species. These adaptations together with the study of diversity represent at present the main subjects of research of snow algae.
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