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Modular system for electrical impedance tomography
Vaněk, Roman ; Mikulka, Jan
This paper presents a novel approach to an electrical impedance tomograph’s system and hardware architecture design. It delves into the strategic decisions that shaped the hardware layer of a measurement system comprising multiple units and enabling intercommunication between them. The primary objective was to develop a cost-effective method for switching a current source among numerous electrodes and measuring voltage across each with a wide dynamic range while maintaining a minimal phase shift between the channel and input of an analog-to-digital converter. The measurement system is designed and documented, serving as a valuable reference for developing new additional units.
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Design of the Electronic Target for Shooting Sports and Sensor Suitability Analysis
Grega, Matej
Electronic scoring targets (ESTs) are designed to overcome the drawbacks of classic paper targets, particularly the inability to score individual hits in groups if they overlap and the time-consuming manual scoring process. This paper presents the design of a prototype of an acoustically based EST for 10m air pistol discipline and examines the suitability of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) microphones and sealed flexural ultrasonic transducers (FUTs) as hit point localization sensors. The proposed prototype of the EST is mobile and battery-powered, with built-in illumination and radiofrequency communication. The position of the hit point is calculated using a closed-form, combined weighted method based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements. FUTs were used as sensors due to their filtering properties of shot and ambient noise and overall higher signal-to-noise ratio than MEMS microphones, without saturation of the output signal. The sensor positions for TDOA localization were accurately obtained using an iterative calibration method. The proposed EST prototype achieved a mean position error of 0.29 mm and a standard deviation of 0.19 mm for hit point localization.
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FPGA-Based Sound Acquisition Prototype from MEMS Microphone Array
Liska, Matej ; Tomešek, Jiří
This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of an Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) prototype designed for efficient data acquisition from Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) microphones through a Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) interface. The primary focus lies in the seamless integration of software and hardware elements, showcasing the implementation of IP cores for controlling TDM peripherals, generating clock signals, and facilitating communication with the Future Technology Devices International (FTDI) chip. The paper underscores the flexibility of the device design, which can be seamlessly deployed across various FPGA boards, thereby mitigating dependency on specific hardware models. Leveraging a large number of GPIO pins on the FPGA board, the PCB design incorporates multiple TDM buses and efficient communication channels with the FTDI chip, streamlining data transfer to the PC. This work not only presents a functional prototype but also lays the groundwork for future advancements in FPGA-based sound acquisition systems, promising enhanced versatility and efficiency in audio signal processing applications.
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Corrosion of Sintered Materials Based on Iron
Slotová, Petra ; Sedlaříková, Marie
This paper addresses the topic of biodegradable bone implants. Presently, titanium alloys, known for their ability to reinforce bone structure, are utilized for fracture fixation. Nevertheless, post-healing, their extraction from the body becomes necessary. Biodegradable implants serve the same purpose but undergo gradual degradation upon exposure to bodily fluids. Consequently, the need for additional surgical procedures for their removal is obviated.
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Estimating the Equivalent Circuit of Lithium-Ion Batteries During Operation
Vašíček, Jakub ; Vyroubal, Petr
This paper deals with the issue of estimating the equivalent circuit of lithium-ion cells during normal operation. The study explores fundamental battery models, such as the simplified Randles circuit and the full Randles circuit. Conventional methods for model estimation, including Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique (GITT) are examined. The research extends into the real-world data analysis, gained from a home photovoltaic system. Using these data, an algorithm to estimate the equivalent circuit model during battery operation is evaluated. The study investigates the correlation between the proposed algorithm's outcomes and results obtained through EIS and GITT methods.
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Wide area tracking system based on LoRa devices
Holík, David ; Arm, Jakub
The work deals with wireless communication using LoRa (Long Range) technology categorized as LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network). The technoloy enables wireless data transmission over long distances more than 5 kilometers in urban or rural areas. The technology is used as the communication between ESP32-based devices providing their GPS data and time synchronization. The system also consists Raspberry Pi which provides the central LoRa station for near area. The communication between central and peripheral devices was established using open-source libraries. The central device might need to receive packets from surrounding devices concurrently, whichi is not possible using the designed device, thus a protocol needs to be established as discussed. Moreover, the communication with the public TTN network has been tested. Regarding the communication testing, test scenarios were designed.
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Optimizing components for Dilithium and Kyber unified hardware implementation
Dobiáš, Patrik ; Malina, Lukáš
As the ongoing standardization process of postquantum schemes yields initial outcomes, it is important not only to focus on optimization of standalone implementations but also to explore the possibilities of combining multiple schemes into one unified architecture. In this paper, we focus on exploring the combination of two NIST selected schemes, namely the CRYSTALS-Dilithium digital signature scheme and the CRYSTALS-Kyber key encapsulation scheme. We present optimized designs of unified hardware components that can be used as building blocks for these schemes. All implemented components outperform state-of-the-art implementations in both hardware utilization and performance.
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The Overlooked Fact: the Critical Role of Bioinformatics Pipeline in Microbiome Analysis
Polakovičová, Petra
The research on the human microbiome has gained significant popularity over the past couple of years across both scientific and public communities. This area has revealed considerable knowledge, mainly thanks to next-generation sequencing. Even though technology possibilities evolve faster than ever, and there is an enormous amount of publicly available data, there are not yet precise procedures, methods, and bioinformatics tools to work accurately enough with microbiome data, and there are no standardized recommendations for bioinformatics pipelines to assess the most accurate results. Here, we demonstrate the potential inaccuracies that can arise from various bioinformatics processing of amplicon 16S RNA sequencing data by performing a comparative analysis of diverse pipeline configurations using mock community samples and biological material originating from biopsy samples obtained during regular colonoscopy from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
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Calculation of Bone Mineral Density from Dual-energy CT and its Application on Patient with Multiple Myeloma
Nohel, Michal ; Chmelík, Jiří
This article presents the results of the calculation of bone mineral density in the spine of a patient with multiple myeloma and lytic lesions. The findings indicate that the average value for a healthy vertebra falls within the physiological range. In the case of the patient with myeloma, a low value was measured in the area of the lytic lesion, suggesting a high risk of pathological fractures. The research also revealed lower values in areas without lytic lesions. These results emphasize the importance of precise evaluation of mineral density in the diagnosis of spinal diseases.
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