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Hemp (\kur{Cannabis sativa}) as an energy crop
BOUDOVÁ, Miroslava
One of the main problems of the living environment deterioration is combustion of fossil fuels. It is necessary that people should start using natural renewable resources instead of already abandoned fossil fuels. Energy plants belong those natural renewable resources. One of the energy plants is hemp (Canabis sativa). The advantage of this oil-fibre plant is the possibility of its general usage. The aim of this theses was to sum up the informations about the hemp as an energy plant. In the hemp biomass yield reaches very good results. The hemp is possible to combust as a whole plant or even as hurds or make pellets and briquettes from these materials for the following burning. The heating power of pellets and briquettes compares to the brown coal. The oil extracted from the hemp seeds is possible to use as a fuel in the case of engine conditioning or it can be used as a raw material for the biodiesel production. The other possibility of the hemp energy usage is the production of bioethanol. The appropriate technology for bioethanol production is in progress. According to the forein studies, hemp is suitable due to composition of the biomass for the biogas production. This usage is still in progress. In the Czech Republic there are not so many negligible biogas stations, but these stations use organic animal salvage for the production of the biogas rather than energy plants. In the Czech Republic, hemp is used as the energy plant only for combustionis in the form of pellets or briquettes.
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Environmental aspects of energy crops growing - production of CO2eq
HOVORKOVÁ, Sandra
The task of the thesis: " Environmental aspects of growing energy crops - production CO2 eq " is processed agricultural engineering literature review summarizing selected cultivation of energy plants ( Reed canary grass - Phalaris arundinacea ) and its growing impact on the environment with a focus on the production of carbon dioxide (CO2). The content of their work is to create a framework for calculating emission load growing canary rákosovité in terms of CO2 in the SIMA - PRO.
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Power Spot Market of the European Energy Exchange and Its Influence on the Czech Power Market
Vavřičková, Jana ; Červinka, Michal (advisor) ; Krištoufek, Ladislav (referee)
The main purpose of the thesis is providing a detailed description of the clearing process on power spot market of European Energy Exchange (EEX), in view of the algorithmic methods employed. The thesis encompasses the mathematical formulation of the discrete optimization problem solved in the price determination process while the algorithm searches for such combination of block and hourly orders to be executed that would minimize the social cost associated to the chosen combination of orders. The market and network constraints typical for electricity trading are considered by the algorithm in the price determination process. The first chapter also provides the reader with basic knowledge of the trading on the Prague-based Power Exchange Central Europe. The last chapter contains an empirical analysis of the spot prices of the Czech and German power markets, which uses vector autoregression to test the hypothesis of dependance of the development of Czech spot energy prices on their German counterparts. Key words: EEX, PXE, spot markets, clearing process, COSMOS, discrete optimization, branch- and-bound
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Study of the local structure of binary surfaces by electron diffraction (XPS, LEED)
Gereová, Katarína ; Matolín, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pavluch, Jiří (referee)
Study of local structure of binary surface with usage of ultra-thin film of cerium deposited on a Pd (111) single-crystal surface is presented. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction (XPS, XPD), angle resolved UV photoemission spectroscopy (ARUPS) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) was used for our investigations. LEED and X-ray excited photoemission intensities results represent a surface-geometrical structure. As well, mapping of ultra-violet photoelectron intensities as a function of emission angles is used for a band mapping and an electronic structure determination.
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Analýza tradičních a netradičních spotřebních daní v členských státech Evropské unie
Koželská, Aneta ; Svátková, Slavomíra (advisor)
Předmětem této bakalářské práce je analýza tradičních a netradičních spotřebních daní. Za tradiční spotřební daně zde budou považovány ty, jež jsou v rámci Evropské unie harmonizovány. Ty tvoří spotřební daň z tabáku a tabákových výrobků, daň z alkoholu a alkoholických nápojů a daň z energetických produktů a elektrické energie. Hlavním úkolem této práce je pomocí statistických metod a komparace analýza zastoupení a podílu netradičních (neharmonizovaných) spotřebních daní na celkových daňových příjmech v jednotlivých členských zemích Evropské unie. V závěru bude na základě dosažených výsledků potvrzena, nebo vyvrácena hypotéza o významnosti netradičních daní.
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Small-Volume Reactive Metal Alloys Prepared by Electron Beam Melting
Zobač, Martin ; Vlček, Ivan ; Zobačová, Jitka ; Rek, Antonín
The paper deals with the preparation of small volumes of reactive metal alloys (particularly titanium), utilizing an electron beam as the heat source. The melting was performed in a vacuum environment in order to prevent the compounds from reacting with atmospheric components. The water-cooled crucible avoids any contamination of the alloy, which would have otherwise arisen during the heating of the materials. The composition of resulting alloys were then investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
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Energy evaluation of office building.
Lysková, Markéta ; Horák, Petr (referee) ; Adam, Pavel (advisor)
This diploma thesis is dealing with energy audit of industrial building with administration part, situated in Blansko, South Moravia region. The theoretical part is focused to windows from the energy balance point of view, because one of the energy saving measures is the change of current insufficient window filling. The main objective of this diploma thesis is to find the most energy saving variant which is going to be evaluated from the both, ecological and economical, aspect. The third part is dedicated to usage of computer technology as software for 3D model creating of assessed building or energy consumption simulation for particular systems as heating in relation to characters of different kinds of windows.
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Study of photon strength functions from thermal neutron capture
Bauer, Karel ; Krtička, Milan (advisor) ; Cejnar, Pavel (referee)
A subject of this thesis is to gain information on absolute photon strength function at gamma-ray energies around 4 - 8 MeV in two Gadolinium isotopes. This energy range is known as a ''low-energy'' tail region of E1 resonance. The absolute photon strength function is obtained from comparison of the sum of intensities of transitions and the number of transitions observed in thermal neutron capture on $^{155}$Gd and $^{157}$Gd with prediction from statistical model under various assumptions on photon strength functions and level densities. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Bipyridine complexes of Ru(II) as SERS spectral probes of the mechanisms of surface -enhanced optical processes
Kokošková, Markéta ; Vlčková, Blanka (advisor) ; Šmejkal, Petr (referee)
SERS and SERRS (surface enhanced /resonance/ Raman scattering) spectra of a dicationic Ru (II) bis(2,2'-bipyridine)(4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine) /Ru(bpy)2(dcbpy)/ complex in systems with aggregates of unmodified and/or chloride-modified Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were obtained and compared to those of dicationic Ru (II) tris(2,2'-bipyridine) /Ru(bpy)3 /. The splitting of several bands and the appearance of a new band at 1367 cm-1 observed solely in SERS and SERRS of Ru(bpy)2(dcbpy) in the system with unmodified Ag NP aggregates was attributed to chemisorption of the complex onto Ag NP surface via two carboxylate groups. SERS/SERRS excitation profiles obtained for the spectral bands and attributed to the Ru- dcbpy unit of the chemisorbed Ru(bpy)2(dcbpy)/ complex were found to maximize at 488 nm excitation, while those of the two Ru-bpy units peaked at 458 nm. Comparison of the profiles with the electronic absorption spectrum of free Ru(bpy)2(dcbpy) has revealed that chemisorption of the complex causes a red-shift of the Ru→dcbpy charge transfer transition band. The observed decrease of the energy of the Ru→dcbpy charge transfer is explained by an increase of the electron-withdrawing ability of the two COO- groups upon their chemisorption on AgNP surface. Concentration value of SERRS spectral...
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