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Impact of Number of Scale Points on Attitude Measurement
Bláhová, Vendula ; Remr, Jiří (advisor) ; Soukup, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the rating scales, which are widely used in the attitude measurement, namely with the impact of their length (number of scale points) on measurement, both in terms of cognitive processes in the minds of respondents and impact on the data. Hypotheses, formulated on the basis of the literature and tested using data obtained from a split ballot experiment and cognitive interviews, are related to the comparability of results, distribution of responses and task demands. The Net Promoter Score from the environment of market research, expressing respondent's willingness to recommend a service or company used, is used as an application example. It originally uses 0 to 10 eleven-point scale which is here compared to five-point scale from 1 to 5 using various recoding and rescaling techniques. Analysis shows that rating on eleven-point and five-point scales means two different cognitive tasks for respondents (eleven-point scale is a bit more demanding but more accurate in respondents perception) and that the data differ from each other in terms of distribution of responses - on short range scale, midpoint and extreme positive category are selected more often, while on eleven-point scale, milder positive points are used more often.
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Problem solving in the last 20 years
Micková, Hana ; Heller, Daniel (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the phenomenon of problem solving focusing on last twenty years. The theoretical aim of this work is to describe issues of problem solving in the selected psychological areas as cognitive psychology, personality psychology, social psychology and applied discipline psychotherapy. In chapter "Problem solving in Cognitive Psychology" the phenomenon of problem solving and other connected terms (algorithms, heuristics, knowledge-poor problems, knowledge-rich problems, etc.) are defined. Further chapters are focused on subtopics linked to the phenomenon of problem solving: in the chapter " personality psychology " these are personality traits and types of problem solvers, in the chapter "social psychology" these are conflict as kind of problem and problem solving by small group, in the chapter "psychotherapy" these are different types of therapies focused on problem solving. In the second part of this work the research proposal is described according to the previous knowledges. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Cognitive processes of blind pupils when perceiving geometrical shapes
Kochová, Klára ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Hejný, Milan (referee)
OF THE THESIS The topic of this thesis is to study the cognitive processes (especially perception, imagination and thinking) of blind pupils through experiments with geometric objects. Tools of the experiment are four tasks (two for one pupil, two for a pair of pupils) that are recorded, transcribed into written protocols and analysed. An overview of the involved cognitive functions or naming of missing cognitive functions has been complied on basis of the specialised literature as a theoretical solution of analysis. Findings of psychology of mathematics didactic were other important theoretical starting points. The ones which are devoted to the tactile perception (of geometrical objects), stages of Piaget operation developments, cognitive mechanisms in mathematics and importance of communication in mathematics or geometry teaching are involved in the theses. Analysis of the experiments involves observations of the tactile perception, imaginations, thinking, cognitive processes, speech and communication, and other occurrences essential for specific tasks.
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Possibilites of Art Therapy Use with Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorder Client.
ŠMÍDOVÁ, Eva
The Bachelor thesis examines the possibilities of using art therapy on an adult male with organic psycho-syndrome. The aim of the thesis is to determine the effectiveness of individual art therapy in reduction of stress in a patient, who has been a victim of changes in the area of emotional perception and disorder of cognitive functions, connected with personality changes including changes in behaviour and motor-disorders. The aim is related with finding a new meaning of life, development of cognitive skills and abilities and better manages of unpleasant emotional frame of mind. It was discovered that individual art therapy method induces desired therapeutic change.
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Emotions and artificial intelligence
Hančar, Michal ; Sedláček, Lukáš (advisor) ; Pstružina, Karel (referee)
This thesis is focused on emotions in biological organisms and its use in subject field of artificial intelligence. First chapter describes emergence of emotion in single organism and its relation to motivation and other cognitive abilities such as learning, memory. Second chapter provides description of currently existing artificial systems working with emotions and compares effectiveness of such systems with humans. Last chapter is focused on creating theoretical basis for system that is able to analyze and influence emotional states in its operators. The objective of this thesis is a disquisition on utilization of emotions in artificial systems.
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The psychological aspects of music in the development of individual
VRBOVÁ, Zuzana
The Work deals with the therapeutic effects of music on mental and somatic component of the individual from the historical and contemporary perspective. There are three musical levels, the psychological, therapeutic and alternative one, whereas the work is based on the Western concept of music. The point of departure is knowledge of music psychology on human perception of music and the structure of musical composition. I use the knowledge of music therapy in applying the music elements on mental, physical and spiritual human level. The superstructure is made by alternative views on using music in a therapeutic context. Special space is devoted to combination of music and the brain and the influence of music on development of cognitive component of human personality.
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Development of key competence in the program "Health supporting Kindergarten" in the context of collective reform of pre-school education
FIŠEROVÁ, Jana
Bachelor work is dealing with key competences by preschool aged children. I am focusing on competence to learning and its building-up in kindergarten environment. In the theoretic part of my work I am explaining concept of competence, I am adverting to connection between key competences and Lisbon process, I am limiting competences in General educational program for preschool education and in the supporting health curriculum of kindergarten. I am dealing with methods, which are leading to develop key competence to learning. The practical part of my work is based on realization of made experimental program, which is developing key competence to learning. This program can serve as enrichment of education offer of preschool educators by development of competence to learning.
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Care of children with communication disability in regular nursery school conditions
BUCHALOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis aimed to find out what care is provided for children with communicative disability in the conditions of a common kindergarten. The theoretical part deals with the explanation of the term communication, the human speech development from birth to the preschool age, and it also provides definitions of the communicative disabilities of children attending a common kindergarten. The practical part analyses the result of the questionnaires, interview and observation. It also evaluates whether the level of the care for children with communicative disability is satisfactory enough.
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Important factors for development of primary school children
CHMELOVÁ, Pavla
The work describes important factors for development of primary school children and deals with socialization of children of school age, development of cognitive processes and also describes a social development of these children. The work continues with the chapter of emotional development, interests of children and then there is an important factor which is family. The last the part of my work contains theoretic information about the influence of the media over children of school age and present life situation of families. The practical part is devoted to secondary analyse of information from research which is included in three parts: The relation of children and money, the relation of children and parents towards the television and internet and the approach of the parents to the present school. There is also a discussion compared with theoretical and practical parts, which is resulting in chosen research.
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Meaning of cognitive processes for creating artificial intelligence
Smutný, Zdeněk ; Pstružina, Karel (advisor) ; Kelemen, Jozef (referee)
This diploma thesis brings an integral view at cognitive processes connected with artificial intelligence systems, and makes a comparison with the processes observed in nature, including human being. A historical background helps us to look at the whole issue from a certain point of view. The main axis of interest comes after the historical overview and includes the following: environment -- stimulations -- processing -- reflection in the cognitive system -- reaction to stimulation; I balance the approach and the limited potential of the human being against the machine (or artificial intelligence). In the last part, there are introduced two projects that have been already implemented in the inteligent transport systems, and their potential for the further expansion and development is shown here. The main emphasis is placed on the coherence between each part of this thesis and cognitive processes, and on the relation and the mutual dependence of these processes.
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