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BIOFUELS - REASONS AND CONSEQUENCES OF ITS INTRODUCTION
Bogdanov, Igor ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Munzi, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis aims to analyze the economic and environmental consequences of the regulation to mandatorily blend bio-components into the fuel and prove its inefficiency. The theoretical part summarizes in detail the reasons of introducing the regulation, including the legislative framework, and generational evolution of biofuels. The analytical part uses statistical analysis of time series and price and efficiency indices to evaluate the effectiveness of biofuels in relation to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The impact of the introduction of biofuels on the economy is specified through fuel prices. The impact on engines as well as food prices and social environment is also mentioned.
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Vliv polynenasycených mastných kyselin na zastoupení mastných kyselin ve tkáních a hladinu cholesterolu u potkanů
Kácalová, Tereza
The aim of this work was demonstrate positive effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA and DHA on the concentration of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol. According to the hypothesis, these polyunsaturated fatty acids are capable of reducing plasma cho-lesterol in mechanism, where is increased gene expression Insig-1 and simultaneously reduces the expression of genes encoding an enzyme for cholesterol synthesis (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, a gene for HMG-CoA-R) and the gene for the LDL receptor, which is responsible for the entry of cholesterol from the plasma into the cells (low density lipoprotein receptor, the density, the LDL-R gene). LDL-R.The experiment was conducted on a model animal (Rattus norvegicus) fed with a standard feed mixture with the addition of 3% of salmon oil, fish oil 6% and 6% of oil from algae of the genus Schizochytrium. The control group was fed a feed mixture with the addition of 6% safflower oil, food with the addition of 3% palm oil was used as a negative control. Each group consisted of 10 animals. From the blood samples was determined levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. The fatty acid content was determined in muscle, liver and adipose tissue. Food enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid led to a reduction in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. It was shown (P <0.05) after the addition of fish oil, salmon oil and algae of the genus Schizochytrium oil to feed mixtures of experimental rats, a decrease in total cholesterol (27%, 21%, 27% respectively) relative to controls. Our attempt partially confirmed the hypothesis. At the same time, we found that plasma lipid metabolism affects different mechanism than we thought.
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Study of interactions of hyaluronan-amino acids
Jugl, Adam ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Hurčíková, Andrea (advisor)
The master´s thesis deals with the study of the interaction between the polysaccharide hyaluronan of diffrerent molecular weights with the amino acids arginine, lysine, arginine hydrochloride and 6-aminocaproic acid. They are expected interaction between carboxyl groups of hyaluronan and amino groups of amino acids. These interactions were investigated by using ultrasonic spectroscopy, DLS, measuring pH and conductivity. Obtained results were compared with sodium polystyrene sulfonate. With ultrasonic spectroscopy was observed a change of concentration inkrement for titration of amino acid to water or polymers solutions especially for high molecular weight hyaluronan and for NaPSS in combination with 6AKK in concentration range of added amino acid 0–30 mM. The size of this change could mean a degree of interaction between polymers and amino acids. This theory has not been confirmed by other methods. By pH and conductivity measurements interations between arginine and low molecular weight hyaluronan and NaPSS were only confirmed. There was no possibility to make unequivocal conclusions from determination of particle size and zeta potential by DLS. Overall, the issue of the interaction of amino acids with polyanions was proved above expectations complex and will be appropriate to further expand the observations made in this thesis.
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Rotational cryptanalysis of ARX ciphers
Töpfer, Jakub ; Hojsík, Michal (advisor) ; Tůma, Jiří (referee)
We investigate functions which can be realized using only addition, XOR and rotation (ARX). Sometimes we admit operations with constants as well (ARX+C). We start our research from a theoretical point of view. We prove that every function can by written using only ARX+C operations and that we can even omit XOR. On the other hand, other combinations of these operations do not generate all functions. We also present an algorithm determining whether a function can be realised only by addition and XOR. After that we present a rotational cryptanalysis, which is designed especially for ARX ciphers. We demonstrate this method on reduced variants of Threefish, TEA and XTEA ciphers and discuss for which ciphers it is suitable. The last part of this thesis deals with a modification of rotational cryptanalysis called rotational rebound attack and shows its application on Threefish.
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Lipid Extraction from Algae Trachydiscus Minutus.
Rousková, Milena ; Kohoutková, J. ; Bicová, M. ; Šolcová, Olga ; Kaštánek, František ; Hanika, Jiří
It is characteristic for some species of algae that they contain lipids. Moreover, their structure contains unsaturated fatty acids. That is of particular importance mainly due to the presence of nutritionally valuable omega-3 fatty acids, which strongly supports the health condition of a person when consumed. An exceptional position belongs to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), so called 20:5n3 in physiological literature. EPA is an omega-3 fatty acid and it is sometimes called the timnodonic acid1. Its molecule contains 20 carbons with 5-cis-alkene bonds. The first double bond is located at the third carbon from the omega end. It is therefore polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and is a precursor for prostaglandin E3 and/or tromboxane synthesis with significant health support effects. Another important place in human metabolism is occupied by alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is also an essential fatty acid. A human body converts this acid to eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA). This process significantly reduces diabetes and some types of patient's allergies.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22016111814310 - PDF
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Influence of sorbents on retention curve of contaminated fluvisol
Hnatajková, Eva ; Jačka, Lukáš (advisor) ; Pavlásek, Jiří (referee)
The thesis deals with the influence of sorbents on the retention curve of the contaminated alluvial soil (fluvisol). The retention curves of soil without sorbents (reference soil) are compared with the soils enriched by the following sorbents. Biochar (BC), amorphous manganese oxide (AMO) and combination of (AMO + BC). Soils sample were collected is specific uncultivated area in the valley of Litavka river (located in the central part of the Czech republic).
Two different types of samples were used for measurement of retention curves. First type of the samples were collected from the column experiments and second type were the samples collected in the field. All samples were extracted using in Kopecky rings (100 cm3). The measurement of the retention curves was performed by a direct method in the laboratory. For laboratory determination of the retention curves classical set of instruments were used (sandbox, sand-kaolin box and pressure apparatuses). The measured data were fitted using van Genuchten. Values compared are the bulk density, parameters of van Genuchten model (Thétas, ThétaR, Alfa, n), and values pF (0; 1.0; 2.0; 2.7; 3.0; 3.7; 4.18). The comparison of retention curves of differently treated soil was based on the average, standard deviation and the difference and ratio of the avarages.
According to presented findings sorbents affected shapes of the retention curves. Especially biochar influence water content for high pF values. We confirmed the hypothesis according to VERHEIJEN et al. (2010), that biochar tincrase the total retention of soil water, but does not increase the amoust of water avaible plants.
The influence of AMO on retention curve was negligible. Therefore sorbent AMO has a small influence on change of water retention in the tested soil. The effect of combined sorbent (AMO + BC) on the retention more significant than effect of using AMO sorbent only. This combination of sorbents affects the water retention depending on applied pF.
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Credit Constraints and Creditless Recoveries: An Unsteady State Approach
Derviz, Alexis
The paper investigates the behavior of credit demand and output arising from differences in productive capital sources in economies recovering from an adverse real shock. Beside physical capital, another form of capital – human capital – is available during the catch-up phase. Since a part of new physical capital must be debt-financed, whereas production is risky due to uncertain future total factor productivity, defaults happen with positive probability. The latter can be reduced by partially substituting physical capital for human, at a disutility cost. We ask whether a shift away from risky borrowed physical capital to human capital is able to generate a reduction in aggregate credit losses without too big a loss in output, thereby warranting a specific prudential policy. This question is addressed by means of a dynamic stochastic model with feedback decision rules, for which we develop a full-distribution numerical solution method. The long-term stationary limit distribution of the solution generalizes the steady state notion of deterministic models. Agents that start from relatively “poor” initial states are found to benefit from limits on unsecured borrowing at a very moderate cost in output terms, whereas for “rich” initial states, such limits prove to be largely redundant.
Fulltext: PDF
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Comparison of the institute of subsistence minimum in Czech and Slovak Republic from 1993 to 2015
Feurich, Marek ; Kubelková, Karina (advisor) ; Bartůsková, Lucia (referee)
After the split of the Czechoslovak Federal Republic (CSFR) to the Czech and Slovak Republics in 1993, both countries retain most ČSFR laws, including law no. 463/1991 Sb., o životním minimu. So the starting position was the same for both countries. A number of modifications of the legislative environment, which happened over the years in both countries, provides a suitable space for the realization of comparative analysis. The aim of this thesis is to compare the institute of subsistence minimum (SM) in the Czech and Slovak Republic between 1993-2015, and prove the assumptions that the institute of SM always held in both countries the same function, was highly motivational to reintegrate the unemployed into the workforce, and the greater amount of SM has always meant a higher income for people in material need in particular country. But the conducted comparative analysis does not confirm the assumptions.
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Risk analysis of company strategic plan of KOVOFINIŠ s.r.o.
Mohoritová, Eva ; Špička, Jindřich (advisor) ; Heřman, Jan (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to find out risk factors, which influence the company, measure their impact on discounted cash flow of the company (DCF) and set measures to reduce these risk factors. First part of the thesis describes theoretical and methodological basis for the second practical part. Second part begins with company introduction and is followed by strategic and financial analysis to find out risk factors. After these analyses we can predict future development of the company and form financial plan for following three years. Next step is the calculation of discounted cash flow of predicted 3 years which will be used to count the impact of risk factors on the company. The last part of the thesis will contain a strategy how to reduce risk impacts.
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