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PAX and 'Patriotic Priests' in years 1945-1956
Kryšpínová, Tereza ; Kubát, Michal (advisor) ; Vykoukal, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with movements of "progressive priests" where Catholic Priests and Laics participated and which existed in some satellite states of the Soviet Union. It describes this phenomenon on example of Association PAX and so called "Patriotic Priests" - two Polish Catholic movements in 1945-1956. The work shows both groups in a context of state-church relationship and describes some reasons why these kinds of movements came into existence. First part compares situation of Catholic Church in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary, Central European countries, which belonged to what is called Eastern Bloc and most of their citizens were Roman Catholics. It also refers to an existence of movements similar to "Patriotic Priests" in Czechoslovakia and Hungary and describes reasons why there was such a similarity in state politics against Church in all these countries. Next chapter analyses two particular examples of catholic movement, which promoted an ideology based on conjunctions of Catholicism and Communism. First of them is a group called "Patriotic Priests". At the beginning it was a society of priests who helped the Polish resistance in the Second World War, but it changed to a movement which organized all collaborating priests. It should have separated leaders of Polish Church who...
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Architect Bernhard Grueber (1806-1882)
Laštovičková, Věra ; Vybíral, Jindřich (advisor) ; Horyna, Martin (referee)
Bernhard Grueber (1806-1882) was invited to Prague in 1845 to become professor of Architecture at the local Academy of Arts. Being an experienced Bavarian architect from Munich, from the art centre of those times, he was expected to establish a high-quality school of architecture. This school had been founded not long before and his task was to bring up a new generation of creative personalities. Munich romanticism was supposed to become an alternative to Austrian state utilitarianism. Grueber was expected to enhance the vernacular architecture to the position of real art. But the conditions did not incline towards that. After the revolution of 1848 the emancipated Bohemian national movement did not support the production of the German artist. The task to revive vernacular art was entrusted to Bohemian artists. Neither German romanticism was found worth succession. And what more, Grueber provoked emotions of the Czech National Revival supporters with his art-historian works, where he emphasizes the common dependence of Czech art on German models. At the end he had to return to his native Bavaria in 1873. But paradoxically the young generation of architects of the end of 19th century, in their effort of finding the new true national style, drew from the same ideological source as the cursed architect: from...
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Portraiture of aristocracy in official dramas in the 2nd half of 19h century
Magdová, Marcela ; Županič, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
movement when Czech language was the main attribute of national competency taken by the first patriots. Aristocracy understood however this competency differently. They believed in the old professional traditions from territorial point of view ("terrestrial patriotism") and with respect to their German orientation became to be Czech Germans. Absence of misunderstanding between the aristocratic and common community was resulting by their different opinion of conservative and liberal world view. As from 1848 already two antagonistic groups of high-born and the other people exist. One try-out to retrieve all gentle elites was done in the 2nd half of 19 century when we can see overall tendency to find common conclusion in the society held by the old Czech party. However Young Czech publicists were strictly against and Czech aristocracy was found fault with all disasters came to the Czech country. Starting with the eighties a fall-back of aristocracy, mainly in cultural and intellectual areas became stronger. Common life was more oriented on the other part of community. Aristocracy was gradually isolated in their own world represented by exquisite life style typical for previous periods. Incoming ninetieth just confirmed already stated reality. Nobility lost their political power and started to be concentrated...
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Conservation of paintings in Czech Republic and Italy 1945-1970. Comparison of methods of Czech restoration school with Italian theory of conservation-restoration
Jebavá, Jana ; Royt, Jan (advisor) ; Nejedlý, Vratislav (referee)
The paper aims to compare Czech and Italian theory of conservation - restoration by laying the grounds of methodological approach of the Czech Restoration School in the context of the Theory of Restoration by Cesare Brandi. First step is to define the modern concept of conservation - restoration as opposed to the traditional one. In the basis of modern approach there is a notion of the historical value of a monument, which leads to the postulate of complete respect for the original material. This ground was developed in Italy by the so called philological method of monument preservation, represented by architect Camillo Boito and art historian Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle. In MiddleEuropean countries, theories of Alois Riegl and Max Dvořák were of a crucial importance. A boom of scientific diagnostic methods applied to works of art served as another inducement for defining modern concept of conservatitionrestoration. In Italy, the center of research in this direction was the Istituto Centrale del Restauro in Rome, designed by Carlo Giulio Argan and Cesare Brandi. As the director of the ICR, Cesare Brandi was able to work up his theory of restoration in a direct contact with the actual experience of artwork restoration. In Czech Republic, the modern notion of restoration was being verified by Vincenc...
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Architect Bernhard Grueber (1806-1882)
Laštovičková, Věra ; Horyna, Martin (referee) ; Vybíral, Jindřich (advisor)
Bernhard Grueber (1806-1882) was invited to Prague in 1845 to become professor of Architecture at the local Academy of Arts. Being an experienced Bavarian architect from Munich, from the art centre of those times, he was expected to establish a high-quality school of architecture. This school had been founded not long before and his task was to bring up a new generation of creative personalities. Munich romanticism was supposed to become an alternative to Austrian state utilitarianism. Grueber was expected to enhance the vernacular architecture to the position of real art. But the conditions did not incline towards that. After the revolution of 1848 the emancipated Bohemian national movement did not support the production of the German artist. The task to revive vernacular art was entrusted to Bohemian artists. Neither German romanticism was found worth succession. And what more, Grueber provoked emotions of the Czech National Revival supporters with his art-historian works, where he emphasizes the common dependence of Czech art on German models. At the end he had to return to his native Bavaria in 1873. But paradoxically the young generation of architects of the end of 19th century, in their effort of finding the new true national style, drew from the same ideological source as the cursed architect: from...
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Political ideas of Bohumil Laušman - story of the democratic socialist
Horák, Pavel ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Gebhart, Jan (referee)
Bohumil Laušman (born August 30th, 1903) was a member of the Social Democratic Party. He was elected member of the National Assembly for the Pardubice region after ten years in regional politics. At the age of thirty-one he became the youngest Member of Parliament. He organised the foundation of the second parliament formation after the Munich events within the system of limited democracy, the National Labour Party. Not only did he show courage, he also showed sense for reality, when he was regulating some left-wing radicals in the weak party. He participated actively in the resistance after the establishment of the protectorate. In his resistance, he promoted collaboration across the political spectrum. That is why the selfconfident Laušman entered the exile with the idea that the left-wing party should have a moral right to determine political direction of exile institutions, which were forming at that time. His obvious left-wing tendency and non-constructive behaviour are possible to be seen after the failure of his political formation of Czechoslovakia's resistance movement in Paris and London. He travelled to the USSR in the middle of the year 1942 to get acquainted with political ideas of the representatives of the Czechoslovak resistance residing there, possibly to get their political support. During...
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Political ideas of Bohumil Laušman - story of the democratic socialist
Horák, Pavel ; Kuklík, Jan (referee) ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor)
Bohumil Laušman (born August 30th, 1903) was a member of the Social Democratic Party. He was elected member of the National Assembly for the Pardubice region after ten years in regional politics. At the age of thirty-one he became the youngest Member of Parliament. He organised the foundation of the second parliament formation after the Munich events within the system of limited democracy, the National Labour Party. Not only did he show courage, he also showed sense for reality, when he was regulating some left-wing radicals in the weak party. He participated actively in the resistance after the establishment of the protectorate. In his resistance, he promoted collaboration across the political spectrum. That is why the selfconfident Laušman entered the exile with the idea that the left-wing party should have a moral right to determine political direction of exile institutions, which were forming at that time. His obvious left-wing tendency and non-constructive behaviour are possible to be seen after the failure of his political formation of Czechoslovakia's resistance movement in Paris and London. He travelled to the USSR in the middle of the year 1942 to get acquainted with political ideas of the representatives of the Czechoslovak resistance residing there, possibly to get their political support. During...
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Collecting in the Czech lands and its prominent leaders in Ceske Budejovice in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century
DOŠKÁŘOVÁ, Adéla
The thesis focuses on extending collecting activities across the Czech lands and the associated founding of the first institutions of museum and gallery character. The first part deals with Společnost vlasteneckých přátel umění (The Society of Patriotic Friends of Art) and its founders and supporters, which is followed by a chapter concerning collectors and patrons in Bohemia and Moravia in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The second part of the thesis deals with the area of South Bohemia, České Budějovice in particular, with one chapter devoted to the South Bohemian Museum. The author mainly focuses on the origins, history and significant personalities associated with its operation. The subsequent sections deal with two major natives of Ceske Budejovice and its surroundings, an industrialist Vojtech Lanna, later acting in Prague, and a businessman and a politician August Zátka, who, thanks to his social activities played an important role in the early days of collecting and patronal activities of the Zátka family.
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"I wish I were a painter." Francis Thun in the pre-March era
OUBRECHTOVÁ, Marcela
This thesis concerns a peer Francis Thun (1809-1871) who was one of the most important personalities in the public and cultural life in Bohemia from the 30s till the end of the 60s of the 19th century. Thun {--} a gifted visual artist himself - was particularly interested in the institutions connected with the visual art. The author shows where his long-life interest in the visual arts was formed. She follows his childhood, upbringing, his own artistic beginning and his studies. She particularly considers his ways around Europe and his stay in Dresden, that used to be one of the most important centres of the European Romanticism, and more than a year-long traveling around England, western Europe and Italy. The last part of this thesis deliberates František Thun{\crq}s public activities {--} mainly his work in the artistic politics and in the care of monuments. This work also follows Thun{\crq}s personal life, particularly his marriage with a burgher girl thanks to it he couldn{\crq}t inherite the fideicommissum. This biography is mainly based on personal materials {--} letters and diaries. In terms of them it attempts to show Thun{\crq}s personality and his important life moments.
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An aristocratic art patronage in the second half of the 19th century (Aristocracy in the Association of fine arts and the Society of the patriotic friends of arts)
ROTREKL, Jan
The dissertation inquires into the participation of the historic aristocracy in the agency of the Society of the patriotic friends of arts and the Association of fine arts. On the basis of an analysis of the annual reports of both of the institutions a survey of selected aristocratic contributors and donators of works of art will be made. In addition to this, the dissertation focuses on several of the more or less noted aristocratic members of the named institutions. In this respect a form of their interest in collecting of artworks and in art patronage, shortly {--} in their virtu, will also be partly dealt with. As an introduction to the subject the survey is preceded by a text dealing with even earlier activities concerning art patronage and art collections that occured in the region of the Czech kingdom and also the Margraviate of Moravia.
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