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Homo Economicus and Nature of Human Beings
Djikanovic, Luka ; Janotík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Salamon, Janusz (referee)
This thesis examines the basic attitude of individual (presented as Homo economicus) on the market, as well as the part of the group that he/she lives in. First part deals with economic phenomenon, where Homo economicus is placed on the market and his role is described through some examples of transactions and certain processes on microeconomics and macroeconomics level. The other part deals with human nature, which is connected with Homo economicus. The aim of this chapter is to prove that there is some part of human nature that exist in all of us and thus in Homo economicus as well. Some of the main passions and urges are described and attached to individual, deepening the general picture of Homo economicus. This part of the thesis gives a different approach to Homo economicus' nature, based on a more social structure where one is placed in a society, which is presented through individual's interaction with others, as well as through the need of accomplishing himself/herself as a human being in the society. Lastly, the aim is to show that Homo economicus is inevitably connected to human nature. In order to achieve the ambition, he/she needs society, needs the others, and from that need a qualitative jump can occur because one is pushing the society forward. The importance of society in...
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The Legal Capacity of Clients Looking for Social Workers
PRŮŠOVÁ, Aneta
The main objective of this work was to find out how social workers perceive a significant legislative change, which relates to the client's legal capacity. The secondary objective was to determine what role social workers have in the process of "client self-management" and how these clients, respectively, their guardians work together. The research was based on conducting interviews with social workers within the South Bohemian Region who are working with clients with limited self-esteem. The conversations were subsequently overwritten and encoded. Depending on the individual codes, the categories were created, which were then shown for a better overview of graphically using diagrams. The opinion of social workers on the legislative change was positive, but this change is still not fully implemented. Decisions on people without them still prevail. The supportive measures to replace the limitations in the lawfulness are virtually absent in practice. It is difficult to look for a solution to this situation, as the creation of new legislation lasted for many years, so it can be assumed that the change in practice will also be evident after several years. The role of a social worker is not very significant according to research. As far as the course of the proceedings is concerned, the social worker does not interfere with it, but rather acts as a client support or a guardian's guardian. When working with clients with limited authority, an individual approach to each individual is important as well as cooperation with the family, in most cases the family member acts as a guardian. Good cooperation between the social worker and the guardian is related to the welfare of the client. The most important and still neglected fact remains that society must accept individuals with disabilities as well as their rights to freedom, independent decision-making and ultimately a happy life.
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System Priors for Econometric Time Series
Andrle, Michal ; Plašil, Miroslav
This paper introduces “system priors” into Bayesian analysis of econometric time series and provides a simple and illustrative application. Unlike priors on individual parameters, system priors offer a simple and efficient way of formulating well-defined and economically meaningful priors about model properties that determine the overall behavior of the model. The generality of system priors is illustrated using an AR(2) process with a prior that its dynamics comes mostly from business-cycle frequencies.
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Taboo and noa in communication. Realization of linguistic taboos in the print media
Junková, Anna ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor) ; Janovec, Ladislav (referee)
Taboo and noa in communication. Realization of linguistic taboos in the print media. This thesis deals with issues of the taboo and noa in language and communication. The core of this thesis is to identify the essential tabooed themes in contemporary society and ways of their linguistic realization in the print media. In the theoretical part of this thesis is the first explained substance of the terms such as taboo, noa, communication and linguistic taboos with regard to the interrelations between these terms. In the empirical part are then defined tabooed themes occurring in the concrete texts of the diary Mladá fronta DNES and Blesk and of the periodical Rytmus života and ways of their linguistic grasping. The thesis focuses above all on the manifestations of speech restrictions in the lexical plan of the language.
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Non-Returning Turing Machines
Surovič, Marek ; Vrábel, Lukáš (referee) ; Meduna, Alexandr (advisor)
This work introduces a restricted variant of the Turing machine which cannot move left, thus return on its tape. Other properties, such as the potentially infinite symbol tape or the ability to rewrite symbols on the tape, remain unchanged. By introducing this restriction we limit the expressive power of the Turing machine to the point, where a non-returning Turing machine is equivalent to a finite automaton and can be transformed into one. A transformation algorithm is presented and described in detail.
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Rules, bans, restrictions in healthcare facilities
KODETOVÁ, Věra
Rules, bans, restrictions in healthcare facilities Improving the quality of care for patients is the main goal of every healthcare facility. Satisfaction of patients with medical and nursing care is one of the indicators of quality. Patients have not only rights but also duties. Among other things, patients{\crq} duties include compliance with rules, bans and restrictions during a visit to healthcare facilities. This particularly concerns compliance with therapeutic rules, instructions given by a physician and other limitations associated with the operation of a healthcare facility. The main objective of this diploma thesis was to identify the patients{\crq} attitude and perception of rules, bans, and restrictions, find out how patients observe them and compare the number of rules, bans and restrictions in both outpatient and inpatient healthcare facilities. The data was collected in a survey undertaken in Nemocnice s poliklinikou Praha Italská (Hospital with Outpatient Clinic Prague Italska). This healthcare facility has 2 hospital wards and 31 specialist outpatient departments. A total of 188 respondents took part in the survey (102 outpatients and 86 inpatients). Five hypotheses were proposed. The first hypothesis, which predicted that most patients would perceive rules, bans and restrictions as burden, was not confirmed. The second hypothesis, which predicted that rules, bans and restrictions that were personal would create more stress in female patients than in male patients, was confirmed. The third hypothesis was also confirmed since female patients from outpatient departments of the healthcare facility were shown to be more compliant with rules, bans and restrictions than male patients. Female inpatients from hospital wards of the healthcare facility were not more compliant with rules, bans and restrictions than male inpatients. The fourth hypothesis was not therefore confirmed. Our assumption that inpatients from hospital wards of the healthcare facility are facing more rules, bans and restrictions than outpatients was disproved. The fifth hypothesis was not therefore confirmed. The author has chosen this topic for her diploma thesis because as a nurse she meets different kinds of patients on a daily basis who react differently to rules, bans and restrictions in this healthcare facility. The results of the survey led us to design training classes for nurses and information brochures for patients who visit healthcare facilities. A sufficient amount of information is a basic prerequisite for understanding and complying with rules, bans and restrictions.
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The issue of providing nursing care to patients in a net bed
PRCHALOVÁ, Jitka
While providing nursing care, in exceptional cases it is necessary to use restrictive measures to calm down a patient by applying physical restraints. However, since these are methods that seriously interfere with the patient´s personal liberty, it is necessary to observe certain principles in such a way that the methods minimize the risk of various complications, which may be both mental and physical, but also legal. Therefore, the indication for the use of these measures is especially the patient´s behavior that involves significant imminent danger or harm to the patient and others. The aim of our study was to determine what is the most frequent indication for putting the patient to a net bed enclosure in traumatological and psychiatric wards, to find out whether nurses have at their disposal the standards developed in relation to restraints, to find out what nurses regard as advantages and disadvantages in placing patients into net bed enclosures, to identify how nurses see the public´s attitude to the issue of the use of bed net enclosures and to determine the public opinion on the use of net bed enclosures. It can be seen from the results that over several years the approach to this issue of both the public and the medical management has changed and there is a readiness to use physical restraints or net bed enclosures properly and in accordance with human rights and human dignity. This thesis may be used as a theoretical basis for training students of non-medical disciplines or in training nurses on the issue related to the restraints. Furthermore, it could be used as a guide for the public to get the notion how the restraints and net bed enclosures are being used, how much attention is being paid to human dignity and personal liberty. This thesis also provides an overview of how the issue has evolved over time and what level it has reached at present. The issue of net bed enclosures and restraints in general is very "sensitive". Over the past ten years this issue has undergone many changes, has aroused indignation, but also understanding. Forms of restraints will certainly be the subject of a lot of negative or positive discussions in the future. It is important that nurses consider the patients, in which restraints have been applied, as their partners, that they meet all their needs and do their best to provide comfort taking into consideration their individualities.
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The Specifics of Restrictive Practice in Social Services
FRYČ, Vladislav
This thesis follows the insufficiently mapped-out issue of restriction in social services and investigates the ways in which it is used towards clients. First-mentioned is the evolution of social services towards its current concept. Afterwards, important terms pertaining directly to the practical issues of social services are defined, based on the social services act. The definition of restrictions and restrictive measures, in accordance with current legislation, follows and their concept is confronted with the concept of human rights and human dignity.The work concludes with descriptions of situations where the clients human rights are violated, their solutions and also possible ways how to prevent the violation of human rights in such cases.
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