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Analysis of deviations in the localization of radiation fields in the course of radiation by means of EPID in patients with tumours in head and neck
GRABMÜLLEROVÁ, Hana
Oncology diseases are serious and alarming problems in the world and our country, too. The most common ENT tumours affect larynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx. The factor which causes the occurrence of tumours is smoking. Chronic thermal excitation, pH changes of mucous membrane and vasoconstriction caused by nicotine can also participate in the occurrence of malign changes. Among other etiological factors belong: alcohol, U radiation, ionizing radiation, transport and industry exhalations, nutritional exhaustion, and immunodeficiency. Current treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, cytostatic chemotherapy, hormone therapy, bio therapy and their combinations. The prosperity of oncology patients is 22% by surgery, 18 % by radiotherapy and 5% by chemotherapy. Radio therapy remains the basic treatment of oncology diseases. According to the newest knowledge and requests its quality is ensured. The accuracy of radiation treatment and the increases in therapeutic results are developed. The risk of over dosing, which leads to the occurrence of many complications, and also the risk of under dosing, which decreases the chance of the complete cure, decline. Quality assurance is currently carried out on electronic portal image device EPID (Electronic Portal Imaging). The reason of permitted small deviation (0,3cm) in tumours of head and neck is the proximity of critical organs to the target volume and often small radiated volumes. The aim of the thesis was the analysis of the group of patients with the tumours of head and neck treated at oncology department in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. (Hospital in České Budějovice Inc.) by the form of portal evaluation. The hypothesis was average deviation 0,3cm in localization of radiated fields in the evaluated group. The analysis of deviations in localization of radiation fields in the course of radiation of evaluated group was carried out. The gained deviations were compared with the data in professional literature. The methodology included the characteristics of evaluated group of patients according to radiation posture, fixation of a patient, radiation technique, localization of tumour, the extent of disease TNM, patient´s age and sex-a man, a woman. The evaluation was carried out by means of EPID for particular radiation fields. Statistically, maximum, minimum and average deviation in localization of radiation fields was evaluated and the results were compared with the hypothesis by means of the test {$\psi$}2. The presupposed hypothesis was not proved. From the measured data it was found out that in practice acquired deviations are smaller than deviations presupposed by the hypothesis. The important part of radio therapeutic practice is the programme of Quality Assurance (QA). The results will serve the workers of radiation oncology in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. (Hospital in České Budějovice Inc.) for evaluation of radiotherapy quality in the tumours of head and neck.
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3D displaying software
ŽALUDOVÁ, Lenka
The bachelor thesis deals with three-dimensional imaging. It tries to describe and compare simultaneously the latest software for 3D imaging and to set metric/criteria of classification for categorization.
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Didactical conception of Game in Civic Education
MIKASOVÁ, Jitka
The thesis concerns the didactics of the civics. It focuses on a game in tea-ching. The conception of a game in the didactics is a basic phenomenon of the teaching at the second level at a basic school. First, the thesis includes a theoretical and interpretative part. It is di-vided into chapters and subchapters. Its focus is different kinds of games and the use of them in teaching of the civics. The topics of the chapters are didactic games, simulation, education by experience, a list of different games, dramatic and action games, language games, and the choice of games, respectively. There is a list of games in each chapter and their practical use in teaching. There are also given definitions in some parts. Second, there is a part concerning the practical evaluation of the games after their previous use during my teaching within my work experience at a basic school. The aim of the thesis is the attempt to draw a conclusion whether the pupils accepted the individual games during my teaching or not, and whether the games have brought any benefit to them.
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Reconstructed 3D Microstructure and Effective Diffusivity of a Zeolite-Polyimide Mixed Matrix Membrane
Čapek, P. ; Hejtmánek, Vladimír ; Fryčová, M. ; Sysel, P. ; Kočiřík, Milan ; Brabec, Libor ; Zikánová, Arlette ; Bernauer, B. ; Fíla, V.
In our work we focused on a two-phase system consisting of the polyimide matrix synthesized from the monomers 4,4’-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphtalic anhydride (6FDA) and 4,4’-oxydianiline (ODA), and silicalite-1 [3, 4]. Its microstructure on the scale capturing the morphology of silicalite particles was reproduced by means of stochastic reconstruction. Then, effective diffusivity of an arbitrary fluid in the reconstructed composite material was determined by exploiting random walk simulation. Resulting values were compared with the corresponding values obtained using two traditional correlations for conductivity of composite materials. Image processing and analysis as the first step of stochastic reconstruction was a bit inexact in terms of an estimation of the volume fractions of both phases.
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Software Phase Lock Loops of PWM Rectifiers
Šimek, Petr ; Škramlík, Jiří ; Valouch, Viktor
In the paper the properties of three PLL techniques (known under names DSC-, DDSRF- a FVAVG-PLL) for different states of the feeding three-phase voltage system are assessed. As a crucial quality criterion of synchronization to the positive component of the fundamental harmonic voltage the errorbetween an estimated and real angle of the positive component of the fundamental harmonic voltage vector was selected. Two sampling periods Ts=0.05 ms and 0.5 ms as well as two gain values of a PL-type compensator were treated.
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Blokáda sodíkového a přechodného draslíkového proudu perfenazinem: experimentální a simulační studie
Bébarová, M. ; Matejovič, P. ; Pásek, Michal ; Jansová, D. ; Šimurdová, M. ; Nováková, M. ; Šimurda, J.
The effect of a neuroleptic drug perphenazine on sodium current INa and transient outward potassium current Ito was studied in rat ventricular myocytes at room temperature. Perphenazine reversibly blocked INa (reducing its amplitude; IC50 = 1.24 +/- 0.10 μmol/l, nH =0.99 +/- 0.08) and Ito (accelerating its apparent inactivation with a slight decrease of its amplitude; IC50 = 38.2 +/- 3.5 μmol/l, nH = 0.75 +/- 0.07, evaluated from the changes of time integral). Both INa- and Ito-block was use- and frequency-dependent (20%-increase of INablock and 10%-increase of Ito-block under 0.3 and 10 μmol/l perphenazine, respectively, at the stimulation frequency of 3.3 Hz applied after a 15-s rest). The results of quantitative modelling suggest that perphenazine interacts with INa-channels in inactivated states, and with Ito-channels in both open and open-inactivated states.
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Development of probabilistic SBRA method and integrated design of structures
Marek, Pavel
The computer revolution allows for considering transition from deterministic and prescriptive structural reliability assessment methods to probabilistic concepts using simulation technique, non-parametric variables, non-traditional criteria and more. The subject of the paper is a draft of Roadmap of the development from current codes to Integrated Design (Performance Based Design, Life Cycle Assessment, Risk Engineering and Monitoring). The attention is given to probabilistic, design (dimensioning) and to the assessment strategy using Simulation-Based Reliability Assessment approach (SBRA) corresponding to the computer era.
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