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Female suicide terrorism - the case of Chechnya
Lohr, Štěpán ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the phenomenon of female suicide terrorism in Chechnya, particularly with the focus on motivation of individual terrorists and organizations. Besides these two levels of analysis, it looks for facilitating and necessary conditions in the specific socio-political environment of Chechnya.
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The War on Terror and the War of Terror: Revealing the post-transformation separatism Kremlin, Radical Salafism and Post-Soviet Dagestan on a Road from the Peace to the Violence
Baranec, Tomáš ; Horák, Slavomír (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
After 1999 the situation in then relatively stable Dagestan started to deteriorate swiftly. However, unlike in the cases of previous separatist movements which sprung up in some parts of the Russian Federation after the demise of the USSS, Dagestani separatists did not officially gather under the flags of nation but under the flags of Islam. Soon, Dagestan entered a period of instability and violence which turned into a vicious circle of bloodshed. In a short period of time, Dagestan radically turned from stability to large scale violence, which makes it necessary for us to understand the factors responsible for the current situation. The following thesis analyses the development of Dagestan after the collapse of the USSR, from the stable period of the 90s till these days, which are characterized by omnipresent violence. Employing the theoretical knowledge collected by other scholars and analyzing similar separatist movements in other parts of the post-socialist world, taking into account the specifics the North Caucasus region, this study attempts to identify the factors (grassroots) which caused the rise of Dagestani insurgence. In comparison with the Chechen separatism of the early 90s, it uncovers the roots and the real face of the "new wave" of insurgency which flooded Dagestan and started to...
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Russian Security Policy towards Muslim Autonomous Republics in the North Caucasus
Jindřich, Jan ; Balabán, Miloš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to answer the question why the crisis caused by the Chechen struggle for independence gradually escalated into war, while the rest of North Caucasus remained relatively calm, despite the predictions of many authors. Also to determine to whether extend the repetition of Chechen scenario is nowadays possible. Or in other words what are the odds that a new ethnopolitical conflict will erupt in some other Muslim autonomous republic in the North Caucasus. The answers to these questions are sought via factors causing the emergence of ethnic conflict, as were defined by Svante E. Cornell in his book Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus - Cases in Georgia. These factors are continually confronted with empirical data, which are provided by the case study of Chechen conflict in the first part of the thesis. Presence or absence of those factors in other Muslim autonomous republics is examined by method of Process Tracing. The data obtained are then processed quantitatively, in the way that presence or absence of the factor in question by a certain score.
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Ancient blood, modern vengeance: the impact of traditional culture and blood feud on violence in Chechnya
Cozort, Kathryn ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Pikal, Kamil (referee)
This paper examines the impact of traditional Chechen culture, especially the continued practice of blood feuds, on violence in the republic. First, an in depth discussion of clannish society is used to show how and why such traditional characteristics and ancient customs have been allowed to thrive among the Chechen people, especially those living in the highlands. The focus then turns to the strong concept of honor that flourishes in Chechen society as the main motivator of blood feuds. The more detailed discussion of blood feud itself and its ancient and modern practice show the potential for and realization of widespread violence in Chechnya. The Chechens are a people with deep historical roots and a strong collective memory. The events of the past, especially conflict with Russia, greatly influence the events of the present and future. The modern Chechen identity is a unique mentality, which combines role of teip and its strong influence on society with the rise of nationalism, and later Islamic nationalism. The recent wars in Chechnya have also had a defining characteristic on the Chechen people and their psyche. When this kind of crisis is combined with the traditional Chechen culture and a propensity for violence, the outcome can be devastating, especially when violence is radicalized and...
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Russian state policy towards islam. Case study: islam in Chechnya
Machalová, Jana ; Žídková, Markéta (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The thesis analyses Russian politics on Muslims in Russia in the area of Northern Caucasus. The author describes the development of the relations between the Russian state and Islam in selected historical periods with the aim of pointing out Kremlin's repressive politics on Muslims. Repressive politics of the Russian state contributed towards spreading of Radical Islamism in Chechenya and in the Northern Caucasus which the author describes in a case study on analysis of the main causes of the radicalisation of the Chechenyan separatist movement during two Chechenyan wars. The author tries to defend the hypothesis that radical Islamism cannot be considered the main cause for breaking out of the Second Chechenyan War but the result of a brutal Kremlin's politics in Chechenya during both Chechenyan wars.
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Chechnya as Russia's dangerous frontier: On the Nature of Suicide Terrorism
Loginova, Karyna ; Valková, Irena (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
Ever since World War II up to the 80`s the world had not witnessed any form of suicide terrorism. Since then the rate of such attacks have been growing on a global level. Nowadays, suicide terrorism is one of the most researched and still not fully explained syndromes that imposes threat to nations, societies, individuals, groups, governments and other parties. Many studies and analyses focus on determining the reasons and the motives for such acts, including the damages that suicide terrorism causes on global level. There have been multiple variables determined as key factors influencing suicide terrorism, including religion, political occupation, nationalism and many others, yet there is no single answer as to why organizations and/or individuals decide on such radical tactic. Thus, as a modern phenomenon, suicide terrorism triggers the analysis from several perspectives of the individual, organizational and psychological background. This master thesis deals with the case study of Chechen suicide terrorism and its implications in the studies of suicide terrorism. The main focus of the research is on determining main motives and reasons of Chechnya to use suicide bombing against Russia. The analysis uses the Robert Pape's theory on suicide terrorism and done by using qualitative research, with...
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Czech Humanitarian Organization in Chechnya
KOLÁŘ, Jiří
This bachelor work is divided into four parts. The first of them explains basic conceptions and acquaints the reader with the definitions of humanitarian aid and its specifics. In the second part, there are defined standards of provision of humanitarian aid in areas afflicted with war or natural disaster. The third part is intented on Czech humanitarian organizations, which commited themselves in humanitarian aid in Chechnya. The reader can findout which organizations helped there and what sort of aid it was. The last part is focused on Chechnya, its history and goes back to its conflict with Russia. Also the part of enclosures can be interesting. The statements of four ex-employees of humanitarian organizations, who took a share in aid in Chechnya, are written down there.
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The Right of Peoples to Self-determination as a Factor of International Relations
Drahoňovská, Soňa ; Veselý, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
This paper explores the current understanding of the right of peoples to self-determination and its impact on international relations. A number of new states have gained international recognition outside the scope of decolonisation, several of which have not fulfilled the usual criteria for statehood, based on existing state practice. In addition, the parent states of Bangladesh, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as Kosovo have not consented to the secession of these territories. The main purpose of this paper is to determine whether based on the stipulations of international documents and mainly on existing state practice, it is possible to verify the existence of a customary law enabling peoples to unilaterally secede. Such a right would pose a threat to the future application of the principle of territorial integrity as one of the basic principles of international relations. In order to answer this question I compare case studies of successful and unsuccessful nations striving for their own state outside the realm of decolonisation. Based on this comparison I analyse the current understanding of the right to self-determination and its impact on international relations. I conclude by stating that it is not possible to unambiguously confirm the existence of such a right. However, in practice the principle of territorial integrity is being breached nonetheless, due to persisting uncertainties regarding the possible application of secession by peoples whose internal right to self-determination was not respected. Together with the fact that the current concept of self-determination ignores collective rights of national groups, this poses a threat to international stability.
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