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Blood count changes in chronic ill patients and their laboratory processing
VÁVROVÁ, Michala
In my bachelor´s thesis I deal with anaemia of chronic disease (ACD), which is the sekond most common anaemia after anaemia from iron deficiency and usually it accompanies chronic inflammatory, infectious or even autoimmune diseases. I describe anaemia in general terms, because it´s a very common disease, in the theoretical part. I also deal with disorders of iron metabolism and it is correct functioning in the organism, diagnosis, causes, treatment and new therapeutic approaches of ACD. I devote a particular attention to patients, who have anaemia of chronic kidney disease. It is one of the most common diseases, which anaemia accompanies and in the last decade it has been the subject of intense study. I devote to analysis data in the practical part. At first, I investigated the blood cell counts of 30 patients with ACD using the hematology analyzer CELL-DYN Ruby in the laboratory STAFILA, spol. s. r. o. České Budějovice for the period June 2016 to April 2017. Next I dealt with cell blood count with parameters: the number of erythrocytes (RBC), the amount of hemoglobin (HGB), a medium volume (MCV) and distribution width of erythrocytes (RDW), because they are associated with ACD. I observed that ACD is most found at the patients in the age group over 70 years, which included mostly women and according to the calculated average age of both sexes, the disease appears a little earlier at woman. Almost all patients had low levels of RBC and HGB. I´ve identified the severity of anaemia according to HGB levels. Most patients had mild anaemia and the least patients severe one. I observed according to the average values of Hb for each age category. I observed that the value of Hb decreases with increasing age. The majority of patients had according to the value of MCV normocytic anaemia and according to the value of RDW heterogeneous population of erythrocytes more occured more at the men. I compared my results with the studies and comfirmed that it really is ACD.
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Socio-pedagogical assistance to partially-autonomous patients and to their families (As conducted at GARC Kladno s.r.o.)
Slavíčková, Markéta ; Lorenzová, Jitka (advisor) ; Krykorková, Hana (referee)
This thesis called 'Socio-Pedagogical Assistance to Partially-Autonomous Patients and to Their Families" (as conducted at GARC Kladno, s.r.o.). aims to map the health and social situation of partially-autonomous patients (hereafter PAP) as a result of a chronic condition, a disability or geriatric conditions in the context of their actual living environment. The theoretical part deals with health and social challenges confronted by PAP focusing on social and individual rehabilitation in conducting daily life. It is divided into five parts. Part One describes health issues faced by PAP with emphasis on particular issues which affect this group. Part Two defines the basic terminology of disability and autonomy.Through work experience it was possible to provide first-hand observation of particular issues which affect this group, e.g. physical disability as a factor limiting autonomy. Both subjective and objective observations of this group can weigh heavily on the value of the outcome. Part Three places PAP in his environment and at the same time evaluates the role of the family members and various services available to PAP under the Social Services Act No. 108/2008 Coll. Part Four looks into rehabilitation services available to PAP and other assistance available to them. Particular methodologies...
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Life with HIV/AIDS: A Narrative Construction of Identity
Miott, Jana ; Morávek, Jan (advisor) ; Kotík, Michal (referee)
HIV/AIDS is an illness that is more correlated than any other with high rates of stigmatization and discrimination. People diagnosed with this illness have to cope with a new potentially life threatning situation and stigmatized identity. Common social interactions or heath complications become a potential source of confrontation, which can endanger social relations, or damage and spoil the identity of people living with HIV/AIDS. This study jointly analyzes the concept of social and health risks, stigmatization and identity and focuses on the following: 1) The process of coping with the diagnosis and its impact on the identity and everyday life of people living with HIV/AIDS 2) The role of accessible social networks on the coping process with this illness and stigmatization; and 3) The strategies of health and social risk management used in connection with this illness. Awareness and acquisition of information on HIV/AIDS plays an important role in overcomming the initial shock of the diagnosis and coping with the disease. Thanks to the support of social networks, the diagnosed person can reach much easier and faster the so called "rational approach" to the illness and safely awknowledge and accept HIV/AIDS as a part of his or her life. People living with HIV/AIDS also face many risks. In this...
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Chronically ill child in the primary school
HARŠÁNIOVÁ, Pavla
This bachelor thesis describes and analyses the issues of chronically ill children of younger school age in the period of their basic school years. This thesis first mentions the historical aspects and the historical development of the care for the people and mainly children with the health disadvantage focused on the chronical diseases, some personalities, who contributed to the development of the care for chronically ill, and additionally had impact on the foundation of the specialized instituitions for chronically ill people. This thesis also mentions the social attitude and the of the experts toward children with chronical disease and institutions which care of chronically ill children. Furthermore this thesis also desccribes the characteristics, etiology, diagnostics, risks and crisis situations, therapy and treatment and prevention of those chronical diseases, further elaborated in the practical research part of the thesis. The last of the theoretical are the reasonings, hypothesis and reflections about the influence and inputs of chronic diseases on current basic school attendance and teaching at the basic school are further, based on the through questionaires performed research in the practical part of the thesis, either confirmed or disproved, there is also a reflection about possible solutions in the pedagogical practice.
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Options of children's education during long-term residence at health-care facility
KULIŠOVÁ, Pavla
This Bachelor thesis is concerning education of children with chronic illnesses during a long-term stay in health-care facility, further how is affecting the stay in such facility child's educational development. In theoretical part are clarified the basic terms such as school age characteristic, problems of chronic ill child, education possibilities and forms of chronic ill children. The practical part shows how a long-term stay in health-care facility affects child's educational development, simultaneously at three levels. Partly are examined education differences, forms and manners in health-care facility, partly is examined the child adaptation to education and to long-term stay in health-care facility. The third part is concerning the influence of specific tuition in spa facility and subsequent integration of ill children into educational manner in its own school. The research was taken in Léčebné lázně Lázně Kynžvart, using the way of questioning.
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Raising a child with chronic illness in the family
TUŠEROVÁ, Ivana
The work deals with chronically ill children. By that each family is something specific, the perception is different, trying to work to show how a chronic illness affect family functioning as a long-term affects relationships among family members and parenting style not only in relation to the sick child, but also his siblings. Describes the actual experiences of individual families, each family both experienced disease differently, but at the same time showing what they have in common.
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Children´s bronchial asthma and its health social impact
JANDOVÁ, Martina
Asthma bronchiale is a common disease that affects a considerable part of population worldwide. It is the most common chronic disease of children, which represents a significant medical, social, and economic burdens, both for child affected by the disease and his/her family, and for the society as a whole. The consequences include absenteeism of children at school and parents due to necessary care of child as well as direct costs connected with therapy and preventative care. Thesis objective: The objective of my bachelor's thesis was to identify particular impacts of the disease, asthma bronchiale, upon family of a child suffering from this disease in the preschool and younger school age categories and to identify the level of information parents have about disease of their child. Hypotheses: 1) Parents have sufficient information about disease of their child. 2) Asthma bronchiale influences adversely the psychosocial situation of a child and his/her family Quantitative research approach was selected to verify the hypotheses. Data collection was performed using questionnaires handed out in pneumologist's and allergologist's office in Jindřichův Hradec. The questionnaire included 41 questions focusing on the mental and sociomedical aspects of asthma bronchiale. The target group for the questionnaire research comprised mothers, whose children are registered with these offices. The final set included 61 persons. Data collection: Results of this bachelor's thesis indicate that asthma bronchiale has a significant impact on the family from the medical, mental, economic, and social points of view. The objective of this thesis has been achieved. Results of the research performed indicate that hypotheses 1 and 2 were confirmed. Conclusion: We should be aware that asthma bronchiale is very common child's disease and it is a chronic disease with long-term risks that must not be underestimated. In the last fifty years, the prevalence of children suffering from asthma bronchiale has been on the rise constantly. Thus, an early diagnosis and a timely therapy have a positive influence upon reduction of the sickness rate, mortality, they improve the quality of life, reduce the economic costs and social burdens of patients and their families.
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Nurses and Education of a Chronically Ill Childl
BUSTOVÁ, Lucie
At present the number of children with chronic diseases has steadily risen. To assure as high quality of life as possible, nurses should educate both children and parents. This kind of education belongs to professional pedagogical activities in nursing the aim of which is to achieve patients´ well-being and self-reliance. This thesis is focused on education of a chronically ill child. The Bachelor thesis consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is aimed at educational process run by a nurse, the methods and principles used, the importance of education, the role of a nurse in professional children´s clinics as well as the disease itself, the family of a chronically ill child and some endocrinological, nephrological, allergological and gastro enterological chronic diseases and educational programmes connected with them. The practical part contains findings of the research survey. A quantitative research method was used, as an interview with 4 nurses working in professional children´s clinics in Strakonice specialised in endocrinology, neurology, allergology and nephrology and with 2 nurses from randomly chosen private professional clinics ? gastroentorology and allergology from March to May. The thesis tried to map the most common problems connected with education of a chronically ill child from the view of a nurse, to find out educational specifics of particular diseases and to learn how much nurses tailor the educational programme to the age of a patient. Four research questions were stated: What do nurses think the most common educational problems of a chronically ill child are? What specific educational principles are used with particular diseases? Do nurses cooperate with parents during the education? Do nurses tailor their educational programmes to the age of a child? Based on the interviews which are shown in case studies and tables, nurses see the biggest problems in noncooperation of a child and his parents together with lack of time and space to provide education. They mostly use specific attitude, clearness, systematic nature and feedback for particular diseases. The aims of the thesis were fulfilled and the research questions responded. It has appeared one more problem that nurses do not record the education. The findings of this thesis can improve the educational programmes and nursing activities for chronically ill children. They can also be used to better training of child patients and their parents and compensation of the chronic diseases.
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Psychosocial aspects in the lives of children suffering from errors of metabolism
VÁVRŮ, Jana
The present bachelor´s thesis titled {\clq}qPsychosocial aspects in the lives of children suffering from errors of metabolism`` deals with the issues related to hereditary metabolic derangements. It puts together knowledge and examples from day-to-day lives of people suffering from hereditary metabolic disorders. The main purpose of the treatment and nursing care for patiens diagnose with hereditary metabolit errors is to help these accomplish ideal development in their childhoods and a maximum of independence, social integrity, and self-esteem in adolescence and adulthood. These goals can only be accomplished thanks to a multi-system approach. The theoretical part describes heredity, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment of hereditary metabolic disorders. It deals with phenylketonuria (PKU) in more details, it clarifies the mechanism of PKU origins, screening, symptoms, treatment, forecast, and also maternal phenylketonuria. The following part compiles known facts about the personality of a chronically ill child, its psychic needs, and social relations. It also deals with parents´ educational attitude, their strategies for coping with stressful situations, approach of the closest people and society as such. It gives an outline of psychic and social consequences of being chronically ill. The research part of the thesis includes qualitative survey employing case reports, personal documents analysis, and the method of guided interview. The target survey group comprised of 7 children aged 6 to 16 living in the south of Bohemia who are diagnosed with hereditary metabolic disorder, i.e. phenylketonuria. The target of the thesis was to find out about the way children diagnosed with hereditary metabolic disorder and their parents live, what most affects their lives, whether and how much they are informed about the disorder, and whether then disorder brought only negative things or also some positive ones. The survey questions concern the following: the metabolic disorder influences the life of the child, the disorder influences the whole family, and if the child follows properly given medical instructions, it can have a normal life like its healthy peers. The outcome of the thesis may be used as a basis for further improvements in complex care provided to children with metabolic disorders and their families.
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