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Possibilities of UCP2 (uncoupling protein 2) induction in rat hepatocytes in in vivo conditions
Bolehovská, Radka ; Červinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kalous, Martin (referee) ; Novotný, Dalibor (referee)
Possibilities of UCP2 (uncoupling protein 2) induction in rat hepatocytes in in vivo conditions Introduction Uncoupling protein 2, discovered in 1997, is the first described homologue of uncoupling protein 1. Uncoupling proteins increase the permeability of inner mitochondrial membrane for protons, decrease the efficiency of energy conversion, inhibit the ATP synthesis and stimulate energy release in form of heat. Uncoupling proteins also increase the substrate oxidation and reduce production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. Objective, material and method The aim of this study was to establish and optimised the quntitative real-time PCR for detection of UCP2 mRNA expression kinetics in rat liver tissue. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of acute and chronic treatment with triiodothyronine and the effect of partial hepatectomy on liver uncoupling protein 2 mRNA levels in male Wistar rats. Results Intraperitoneal injection of one dose of triiodothyronine (200 μg/kg rat body weight) increased mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 2 in liver tissue almost 2-fold (P < 0.01 vs. control group) in rats 12 hours after T3 administration. Concentrations of total triiodothyronine and free triiodothyronine in serum were increased 122-fold and 77-fold (p < 0.001), respectively....
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Conditions of prion propagation in cell cultures
Hobzová, Kristýna ; Janoušková, Olga (advisor) ; Rusina, Robert (referee)
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect mammals, including humans, which are characterized by accumulation of pathologi- cal prion protein isoform (PrPTSE ) in the brain. The animals were commonly used for the prion disease research in the past but in recent years, the tissue cultures are being used as well. Tissue cultures have many advantages com- pared with animals. E.g. the possibility of a detailed study of the biochemical processes associated with prion diseases, and rapid and sensitive PrPTSE de- tecting method. However no reliable in vitro model was developed for human prion diseases so far. We focused on monitoring of transmission and propagation efficiency of different prion strains and on the influence of cultivation conditions on the transfer of the neuronal cell line CAD5, which is highly sensitive to prion infection. We confirmed the sensitivity of CAD5 cells to mouse-adapted scra- pie prion strains and we presented new facts about their ability to propagate mouse adapted prions of human strains and bovine spongiform encepha- lopathy. We have used CAD5 cell sensitivity to be infected with different prion strains in other parts of this work. In the second part, we focused on the cell sensitivity to prion infection and propagation of prion strains under different culture...
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Efekt xenobiotik na DNA integritu a fyziologii rybích spermií
LINHARTOVÁ, Pavla
Pollution of the aquatic environment with xenobiotics has become a serious health concern in recent years. In the present study the effect of DQ, TBBPA, BPA and VIN on sperm quality parameters, DNA integrity and oxidative stress indices in sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) sperm and sperm from brook trout (Salvenilus fontinalis) were investigated. To do this, an in vitro spermatozoa motility assay was used by a computer-aided Motion-Analysis system. The sperm of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) was diluted to obtain the spermatozoa density of 5×108 cells×ml?1 and then exposed for 2 h to final concentrations of xenobiotics: DQ - 25, 50, 100 and 150 ?M, TBBPA - 0.5, 1.75, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ?g/l, BPA - 0.5, 1.75, 2.5, 5 and 10 ?g/l and Vin - 0.5, 1.75, 2.5, 5 and 10 ?g/l. Spermatozoa velocity and percentage of motile sperm were significantly decreased at each time post-activation compare to control. The level of DNA damage expressed as a % DNA in Tail and Olive Tail moment significantly increased when spermatozoa were exposed to higher concentrations of xenobiotics. The level of oxidative stress indices lipid peroxidation (LPO) and carbonyl derivatives of proteins (CP) and antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly with increasing concentration of xenobiotics. On the other hand the intracellular ATP content in sperm samples had a significantly decreasing effect. In short, xenobiotics can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress in fish spermatozoa, which could impair the sperm DNA integrity, quality and antioxidant defense system. The present study confirms that environmental concentrations of xenobiotics are capable to induce oxidative stress, leading to impaired sperm quality, DNA fragmentation and intracellular ATP content Obtained results also suggested that the use of fish spermatozoa in vitro assays may provide a novel and efficiently means for monitoring residual pharmaceutical in aquatic environment.
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Macrophages and nitric oxide in leishmania - sandfly - host interactions
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Fialová, Anna (referee) ; Kolářová, Iva (advisor)
Leishmania reside fagolysosome of macrophages immediately after their entry to host where they multiply and consequently infect other macrophages or eventually other cells. A synthesis of a reactive reactant of oxygen and nitrogen is one of the mechanisms that some mammal cells are equipped with and that also contributes to eradication of leishmania. Nitric oxide rising during a metabolic change of L-arginine under the catalysis of NO synthase is of a large importance. Beyond cytotoxic function, nitric oxide is involved in signalling pathways for a neurotransmission (nNOS) and vasorelaxation (eNOS). Not all types of macrophages have ability to produce NO (iNOS). It is a heterogeneous group differing in immunological function and also in physiology. A group of classical activated macrophages represents an effective APC capable of efficient killing of intracellular pathogens. In addition to NO, they also secrete an inflammatory cytokines, which evolve an immune reaction towards to Th1. Contrary to this, a group of alternative activated macrophages is not capable of any efficient antigen presentation and nitric oxide production but produces L-ornithine, which is a precursor of polyamines, which leishmania utilizes for its own intracellular growth. For the mouse model, status of resistance and/or...
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Information strategy draft for Junák CZ
Pelcl, Ladislav ; Chlapek, Dušan (advisor) ; Řepa, Václav (referee)
The main goal of the diploma thesis is creating a draft of an information strategy for Junák -- Association Scouts and Guides CZ. The organization is a Czech NGO, focused on education of children and young people. For both these main activities and also administrative, economical and other areas, it uses IS/ICT resources. Mainly due to a lack of coordination in their past development, in many fields these don't allow the organization to work efficiently and use the current potential of IS/ICT. This leads to diminishing of the organization's competitiveness. The thesis tries to bring such a strategy, that the organization could use even in the case it needs to be modified accordingly to its priorities. The thesis tries to reach the creation of the draft through a number of steps. Following the brief description of the organization, the thesis introduces basic terms and attitudes towards the IS/ICT governance. In order to identify both weaknesses and future potential, it thoroughly describes and analyzes the current IS/ICT projects currently in use in the organization. With partial use of the "potential of improvement" method, it states reasonable degree of efficiency improvement in various key activities. Great amount of focus is being spent on proposals of new projects, that could lead the organization to efficiency or raising its competitiveness through making the most of current trends in IS/ICT. Major projects are put together out of the proposals as well as the method of their evaluation in relation to the strategic priorities of the organization. Finally, the information strategy is defined. Author's main contribution is in his capability to point out new solutions which could help to improve non-optimal processes in a way, that makes use of current potential of IS/ICT. Using his experience from both the organization itself and the IS/ICT field, he tries to create modern, tailor-made information strategy.
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Microfinance - effective instrument of poverty solution, yes or not?
Švecová, Jana ; Svoboda, Miroslav (advisor) ; Janíčko, Martin (referee)
This baccalaureate thesis deals with the efficiency of microfinance (or more precisely microfinance institution - MFIs). First part of the work is focused on problems of poverty, which is intensely connected with the function of microfinance, and then on economic theories, chiefly on asymmetric information. Further my work indicates not only basic definition of microfinance and MFIs, but also history and principles of microfinance. There are also mentioned results of activities of MFIs and also some limitations of concept of microfinance. In the next part deals work with consider the effectiveness of granting credit through MFIs in terms of various indicators. In the end of this thesis are mentioned two real cases from practice, when microfinance really contributes to improvement way of people's life in developing countries.
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Processes of segregation in urban areas and its impact on town administration
Burešová, Lenka ; Kadeřábková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Jetmar, Marek (referee)
Bachelor thesis introduces the phenomenon of segregation which essentially falls into the category of worldwide social processes. For better understanding of the covered subject, particular terms which are directly or indirectly connected with segregation are explained. Thesis is divided into four chapters, covering both theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part describes segregation as an all-society phenomenon, including the reasons of its occurrence, classification and its impact as well. Another chapter of the theoretical part discusses segregation in the Czech Republic and more closely describes the occurrence and development of racial, residential and social segregation in the country. This chapter covers particular instruments used in the Czech Republic and evaluates its efficiency. Last but not least, thesis offers possible solutions applied in other European or Non -- European countries. Final chapter is dedicated to the practical part and observes the actual stage of segregation in the particular region in the Czech Republic, in the town of Svitavy. The aim of the thesis is to review the awareness of the Czech Republic in terms of the impact of segregation in future and analyse the existing politics in an effort to avoid segregation, reduce its impact or eliminate it.
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Foreigners and the process of social-economic integration in the Czech Republic
Lelková, Michaela ; Kadeřábková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Jetmar, Marek (referee)
The bachelor thesis is devoted to an analysis of foreigners integration in the Czech Republic as one of the most discussed problems afflicting European territory. Inflow of immigrants coming to Czech Republic is raising rapidly and without having a proper conception of the integration policy, they will never have a chance to integrate fully to the Czech society. The main aim is to introduce and review the strategy, conception and deficiencies of that policy as well as to show the unsubstitutable role of state in this process. For better understanding thesis discusses administrative barriers, legislation, financing and importance of local level. Last but not least, it explains the necessity of non-profit associations and evaluates its efficiency. While it concentrates on the Czech integration policy, the thesis also looks at regional analysis of foreigners sojourning in Czech regions. It shows the biggest ethnical minorities living in the Czech Republic and introduces the common features of regions these minorities are staying in. Furthermore, thesis deals with the impact of the actual economic crisis on the process of foreigners integration in the Czech Republic. The goal is to emphasize the urgency of solving this worldwide phenomen.
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Supply of Lotus Notes / Domino applications on the czech market
Kubáň, Zbyněk ; Kunstová, Renáta (advisor) ; Fuxa, Ondřej (referee)
The goal of this bachelor's thesis is evaluation of additional application supply for Lotus Notes / Domino on the Czech market, development of this platform during the last years and efficiency of these applications built on LND. This work is based on public accessible information sources, mostly via the Internet. Contribution of this work is analysis and evaluation of gathered information with contribution of my own contemplation and comments. Everyone who is interested in the czech market with LND applications can use this for quick orientation. In the opening part the reader is provided with an introduction to Lotus Notes / Domino solution, with its history and current trend. Follow the summary of application suppliers on the czech market, divided into ten categories and detailed description of a few selected applications. At last, a few case studies.
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Tax stamping of spirits in the member states of the European Union
Doubková, Anna ; Svátková, Slavomíra (advisor) ; Eisenwort, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the comparison of the tax stamping systems in the EU member states. The aim is to identify the particular systems of tax stamping of spirits and to analyse common and differential characters on the basis of this information. The acquis communautaire is not uniform in this issue, it is necessary to arise from the tax laws in these states. Generally, it is valid that a system of tax stamping of spirits is an efficient precaution against the spirit fraud and it protects the spirit market from the entry of counterfeited goods.
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