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Effects of different physical activities on cardiovascular functions after spinal cord injury
Svobodná, Magdalena ; Honzátková, Lenka (advisor) ; Našincová, Zuzana (referee)
The impact on health, mental state and quality of life in people after spinal cord injury is enormous. Significant impairment occurs not only of sensorimotor functions. The autonomic nervous system is also disturbed to some extent, which is very closely related to the management of cardiovascular functions (and heart rate). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different physical activities on heart rate in people after spinal cord injury. The study included 30 people in the chronic stage after spinal cord injury, which were divided into 3 groups according to the neurological level of the spinal cord lesion in tetraplegics (lesion C1-C8), paraplegics with high thoracic lesion (T1-T6), and paraplegics with lesion from T6 below. Each proband completed 4 exercise tests on sports simulators (rowing, kayaking and cross-country trainer and Rotren) and peak heart rate values (SFpeak) were measured after reaching the subjective maximum load (according to the Borg RPE scale). The values of SFpeak were then statistically processed, evaluated and compared - within groups between sports simulators and between groups. The results of the statistical processing show that the sports simulators are not different in terms of reaching the top SFpeak. Although differences between peak heart rate values...
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Analysis of the impact of complex regeneration on the sport performance of the athlete in Mixed martial arts club Gladiators gym České Budějovice
MARŠÁLEK, Martin
The diploma thesis deals with the effectiveness of specific regeneration on results of a test working capacity of mixed martial arts athletes. The effectiveness of Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation, full body massage and sauna was tested on first proband. Schultz's autogenic training, whirlpool bath were used on second proband. Both probands performed the same compensatory exercises after MMA training session. Trainings were scheduled three times per week. Intervention programmes lasted for eight weeks. The thesis briefly summarizes the issues of MMA and subsequently the distribution of regeneration and its importance in relation to sport performance. Content analysis, synthesis and measurement method, were used. The research was conducted in the form of individual case studies. Using semi-structured interviews, case-histories of the probands were created. To determine the working capacity, the W170 test was used. The intervention program followed, after which, the W170 test, was performed again. According to the results of working capacity test, the level of working capacity increased, per 42,8 % at first proband and 16,07 % at second proband.
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Distant effects of muscle electrostimulation
Koláček, Michal ; Slabý, Kryštof (advisor) ; Demeková, Júlia (referee)
This work is trying to identify possible non-stimulatory effects and distant effects of muscle electrostimulation musculus quadriceps femoris based on a literature search. Furthermore evaluates the influence of High Tone Electrical Stimulation (HTEMS) muscles of lower limbs on the activity of the autonomic nervous system, expressed by heart rate variability, a spectral power in the individual frequency bands. Randomized crossover study involved 15 healthy subjects (7 men and 8 women), average age 24.4 ± 2,5 years. Heart rate variability was evaluated in two situations: the situation without the application HTEMS and the situation with the aplication of HTEMS. Electrostimulation was done with HITOP 191. The results did not show statistically significant differences in all monitored components. The study also dealt with the reproducibility of measurements of perception and motor threshold for HTEMS.
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Influence of cervical spinal cord lesion on cardiovascular fitness
Machač, Stanislav ; Kolář, Pavel (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee) ; Nováková, Marie (referee)
Traumatic damage to the cervical spinal cord has a dramatic impact on determinants affecting cardiovascular fitness. In tetraplegia, in addition to diminished skeletal muscle function, impaired sympathetic cardiovascular innervation together with a dysfunction of catecholamine release is typically present. Individuals with tetraplegia are at a high risk of long-term inactivity, which increasingly contributes to the development of common civilization diseases. The aim of the current dissertation project is to investigate the cardiovascular fitness in males with cervical spinal cord injury (n=20) as compared to able- bodied males (n=27). Both groups completed exercise testing on an arm-crank ergometer. Arterial blood pressure response to exercise, peak oxygen consumption and peak heart rate were the primary outcome variables. In the first part of the study, a graded maximal arm- crank ergometer test to the subjective exhaustion was performed for the inter-group peak exercise comparison. The peak power dramatically differs between the groups and could be an important confounding factor limiting the evaluation of a physiologic response related to the equivalent physical loading. Therefore, in the second part of the study, individuals of the control group completed a second graded arm-crank ergometer...
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The reflective effect of manipulative therapy on blood pressure.
Martínek, Josef ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Slabý, Kryštof (referee)
The topic of the thesis is The reflective effect of manipulative therapy on blood pressure. The aim of the thesis is to summarize current knowledge, which talk about the relationship between the ma-nipulative therapy and the changes of blood pressure. One of the purpose of the thesis is to clarify the using of manipulative therapy in the treatment of arterial hypertension. In the thesis another methods of manipulative therapy are discussed to give broad overwiev and to have a posibble to comparison. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Distant effects of muscle electrostimulation
Koláček, Michal ; Slabý, Kryštof (advisor) ; Demeková, Júlia (referee)
This work is trying to identify possible non-stimulatory effects and distant effects of muscle electrostimulation musculus quadriceps femoris based on a literature search. Furthermore evaluates the influence of High Tone Electrical Stimulation (HTEMS) muscles of lower limbs on the activity of the autonomic nervous system, expressed by heart rate variability, a spectral power in the individual frequency bands. Randomized crossover study involved 20 healthy subjects (12 men and 8 women), average age 24.6 ± 5.6 years. Heart rate variability was evaluated before application of HTEMS and immediately after. Measurements were performed with electrostimulator HiToP 191. The results did not show statistically significant increase in spectral power in the individual frequency bands. The study also deals with the reproducibility of measurements of sensitive and motor threshold for electrostimulation HTEMS method, which was confirmed. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Circadian regulation of glucocorticoid secretion
Tejkal, Karel ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Soták, Matúš (referee)
Glucocorticoids belong to a family of steroid hormones synthesized in the adrenal gland. They fulfill a variety of functions related to metabolism, immune response and ontogenesis. Glucocorticoids function as the end-effector of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and as such, their levels in blood are elevated after exposure to stressors. The basal levels of glucocorticoid also show a pronounced diurnal rhythm, suggesting involvement of the circadian clock in the regulation of HPA axis. Studies have shown that other regulatory mechanisms apart from the HPA axis are involved in regulation of diurnal glucocortioid secretion. The disturbances of the regulatory mechanisms may lead to serious pathological conditions. This thesis describes the rhythmic nature of glucocorticoid release and mechanisms by which the circadian clock exerts its influence over the rhythm. Thereafter, the feedback of glucocorticoids onto the clock system is briefly explained. Finally, some examples of a role of abnormal glucocorticoid secretion in selected pathologies are provided.
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Autonomic nervous system and its relationship to functional disorders of the muscle
Marčišová, Hana ; Čech, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Slabý, Kryštof (referee)
The aim of this paper was to summarize the current knowledge of function and regulation of autonomic nervous system (ANS). We wanted to assess possible involvement of ANS in changes of muscle tension. Sympathetic nervous system affects the sensitivity of somatosenzory afferention, thus effecting the function of whole nervous system. Exists evidence about ANS effect on cutaneous afferents activity as well as muscle spindle afferent activity. Sympathetic modulation of proprioceptive information from muscle spindles may influence α motoneuron excitability. ANS may affect muscle tonus regulation. The selective activation of trigger point (TRP) during heightened muscle sympathetic efferent activity (MSNA) was proved. This supports the idea that the sympathetic nervous system can directly contribute on maintaining of the TRP and myofascial pain syndrome. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Methods for the evaluation of heart rate and arterial blood pressure variability
Sedláčková, Gabriela ; Halámek, Josef (referee) ; Leinveber, Pavel (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with methods for description of heart rate variability and arterial blood pressure. An important mechanism for maintaining homoeostasis in the body is so called baroreflex feedback loop, which allows for a short-term regulation of blood pressure. The thesis contains description of methods which are currently used for baroreflex sensitivity evaluation. Analysis in time domain as well as in frequency domain was done using programs in Matlab environment. At the end of the thesis the influence of ventricular extrasystoles on output parameter is evaluated.
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Influence of autonomic nervous system in the inducibility of atrial fibrillation.
Šrutová, Martina ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
Cílem této práce je zjištění změn předcházejícím fibrilaci síní. Pozorována je rovnováha mezi sympatikem a parasympatikem. Do experimentu výzkumného ústavu Cleavlendské kliniky bylo zapojeno šest psů různých ras. Signály EKG byly získány Holterovským 24hodinovým monitorováním. Pomocí 40 vysokofrekvenčních impulsů (TI) byla každých 30 minut vyvolávána AF. Z 24hodinového signálu byly extrahovány kratší epizody. Každá z těchto epizod obsahovala 10 minut předcházejících TI a 3 minuty následující po TI. Desetiminutové epizody byly zpracovány automaticky, byly detekovány QRS komplexy a RR intervaly a vypočteny HRV parametry. Přítomnost a délka trvání AF byly zjištěny manuálně z tříminutových intervalů následujících po TI. Byla-li vyvolána AF o délce trvání kratší než 30 sekund došlo ve srovnání s epizodami bez výskytu AF k významným změnám tří HRV parametrů. HF parametr poklesl pro epizody s výskytem AF. LF parametr byl naopak vyšší v epizodách s AF. Pro AF delší než 30 sekund nebyly významné změny pozorovány. Změny v epizodách s krátkou AF mohly být způsobeny změnami vlivu sympatiku a parasympatiku. Ke vzniku dlouhých AF je pravděpodobně zapotřebí i jiného vlivu, který nemusí nutně souviset s nervovým systémem. K dalším analýzám je zapotřebí většího množství signálů.
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