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The use of comet assay for the estimation of DNA damage during the anticancer chemotherapy.
Voříšková, Jana ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pávek, Petr (referee)
We have monitored the DNA damage induced by tumor chemotherapy. The combination of platin derivate (cis-platine or carboplatin) and another chemotherapy agent (gemcitabin, paclitaxel or vinorelbin) was applied to patients with lung carcinoma. The whole chemotherapy includes 4 cycles. We have monitored the DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes through the first and the third cycle of chemotherapy and 3 weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy. For detection we have used comet assay which seems to be accurate and reliable method. Lymphocytes were isolated from whole blood through the medium LSM lymfocyte and then were processed by the alkaline version of the single cell gel electrophoresis. We have analysed single strand breaks (SSB) and interstrand cross links (ICL). For the measurement of ICL isolated lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of 200 µM of styrene oxide (SO) to degrade the DNA by inducing strand breaks. Incubation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with 200 µM SO leads to the formation of comets. If ICLs are present in the DNA, the alkaline unwinding of DNA is blocked and the % of DNA in tail is reduced. Comets were stained with ethidium bromide and then analyzed by the software LUCIA Comet Assay. The damage of DNA caused by SSB before the chemotherapy was relatively low and...
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Měření finanční nákazy pomocí CAViaR metody: Aplikace na Evropu
Tomanová, Petra ; Zouhar, Jan (advisor) ; Formánek, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to measure changes in dependencies among returns on equity indices for European countries in tranquil periods against crisis periods and to investigate their asymmetries in the lower and upper tail of their distributions. The approach is based on a conditional probability that a random variable is lower than a given quantile while other random variables are also lower than their corresponding quantiles. Time-varying conditional quantiles are modeled by the Conditional Autoregressive Value at Risk via Regression Quantiles (CAViaR) method. In addition to the univariate conditional autoregressive models, the vector autoregressive extension is considered. In the second step, the conditional probability is estimated through the OLS regression. Moreover, the model which allows the distribution of returns in one country to lead or to lag the distribution of returns in another country, is defined and applied on European equity returns. Finally, the model measuring dependencies among more than two return series is derived and the relating dimensionality problems are discussed. The results document a significant increase in European equity return comovements in bear markets during the crisis in 1990s and 2000s. The explicit controlling for the high volatility days does not appear to have an impact on the main findings. For the comparison purposes, the results for Latin American countries are reported as well.
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New Integral Formulae in Hypercomplex Analysis
Sikora, Martin ; Souček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Krýsl, Svatopluk (referee) ; Vanžura, Jiří (referee)
Title: New Integral Formulae in Hypercomplex Analysis Author: Mgr. Martin Sikora Department: Mathematical Institute of Charles University Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Vladimír Souček, DrSc., MÚ UK Supervisor's e-mail address: soucek@karlin.mff.cuni.cz Abstract: The Dirac equation for Clifford algebra-valued functions on the even-dimensional Minkowski space can be understood as a hyperbolic sys- tem of partial differential equations. We show how to reconstruct the solution from initial data given on the upper sheet of the hyperboloid. In particular, we derive an integral formula which expresses the value of a function in a chosen point as an integral over a compact cycle given by the intersection of the null cone with the upper sheet of the hyperboloid in the Minkowski space. We also treat the ultra-hyperbolic case where the Dirac equation gives the ultra-hyperbolic system of partial differential equations. An analogue of the second order Cauchy formula is proved for (n − 1)-vector-valued holo- morphic functions. It reconstructs values inside a bounded domain in the 2n-dimensional complex space by integrating over the characteristic boun- dary of the domain. 1
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Workforce Optimisation
Pacinda, Štefan ; Barták, Roman (advisor) ; Klusáček, Dalibor (referee)
Title: Workforce Optimisation Author: Štefan Pacinda Department / Institute: Department of Theoretical Computer Science and Mathematical Logic (KTIML) Supervisor of the master thesis: doc. RNDr. Roman Barták Ph.D., KTIML Abstract: Workforce management deals with the problem of maintaining productive workforce for example in call centers, hospitals, transportation companies etc. It includes the problem of deciding which skills are necessarily at each given time and how many personnel with given skills is required. These decisions are followed by solving the problem of allocating particular employees to shifts while satisfying the skill demands but also other constraints derived for example from law regulations, trade unions agreements, and individual preferences. This thesis deals with workforce optimization, that is with the optimal assignment of personnel to shifts in order to cover the demand for resources that vary over time. In this paper the solved problem is described in all detail and modeled as mixed integer program. Implementation details are presented and exhaustive analysis and experiments on a real life problem instance are performed to assure that the aims of the work have been met. Keywords: Rostering, Workforce Management, Shift Scheduling
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Metaheuristic optimalization for routing problems
Novák, Vít ; Fábry, Jan (advisor) ; Melechovský, Jan (referee)
Routing problems are ones of the most famous members of the group of the classical optimalization combinatorial problems. Travelling salesman problem and problems derived from it have been attracting mathematics and analysts, since they were firstly formulated, and accelerating a development of new methods and approaches that can be used for a wide range of another real-life problems. This thesis aims to demonstrate an usefulness and a flexibility of shown metaheristic methods. Results are compared with outputs of alternative algorithms or known optimal solutions where it is possible. To fulfill this goal the VBA application has been developed. The results of experiments are presented and the application is decribed in a second part of this thesis. A reader should be sufficiently instructed which way he could choose to solve similar types of problems
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New Electrochemical Methods for Determination of Nitro and Oxo Derivatives of Fluorene
Vyskočil, Vlastimil ; Barek, Jiří (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jiří (referee) ; Heyrovský, Michal (referee)
4. Conclusion This Thesis represents a contribution to the search for new analytical methods applicable on environmental and biological samples. The current state- of-art concerning the formation, occurrence, and biological activity of fluorene and its nitro and oxo derivatives was summarized in Chapter 1. Further experimental work was focused on assessment of new approaches in the detection of the studied compounds. Attention was paid mainly to nitrofluorenes, fluorenone and nitrofluorenones, namely 2-nitrofluorene, 2,7-dinitrofluorene, 9-fluorenone, 2-nitro-9-fluorenone, and 2,7-dinitro-9- fluorenone and the possibilities of their determination using polarographic and voltammetric methods. Interactions of calf thymus dsDNA with 2-nitrofluorene and 2,7-dinitrofluorene at the DNA/SPCPE were investigated and subtle DNA damage under conditions of direct DNA-analyte interaction at room temperature and damage to DNA bases under condition of electrogeneration of short-lived radicals of nitrofluorenes at human body temperature were found. The obtained results can be summarized as follows: ● Modern polarographic and voltammetric methods at mercury electrodes developed for determination of trace amounts of 9-fluorenone and 2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenone (and other NPAHs generally) in concentration ranges from 2×10-8 to...
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Macrocyclic chelators for metal-radionuclides
Málková, Michaela ; Hermann, Petr (advisor) ; Příhoda, Jiří (referee) ; Komárek, Pavel (referee)
5 Abstract in English Complexation properties of structurally related macrocyclic polyazachelators with different metal ions suitable for a medicinal use were studied. In the present work, a study of chelators formally derived from H4dota (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10- tetraacetic acid) by replacement of one or four carboxylic groups with a phosphorus acid moiety(ies) was performed. Three new chelators were studied: H4do3apABn (10-{[(4-aminobenzyl)hydroxyphosphoryl]methyl}- 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid), H5do3apPrA (10-{[(2-carboxyethyl)hydroxyphosphoryl]methyl}- 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid), H4dotpOEt [1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10- tetrakis(methylphosphonic acid monoethylester)] In addition new data on stability constants of transition metal complexes of H5do3ap, 10-[(dihydroxyphosphoryl)methyl]- 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid, are presented. The achieved results suggest that all studied chelators form complexes with di- and trivalent metal ions with sufficient thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness for the potential medicinal applications. The formation rate of complexes of the monophosphonic/inic chelators is comparable to that of the H4dota complexes. The formation rate of the complexes depends highly on...
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Fully-differential current mode frequency filters
Kubík, Milan ; Koton, Jaroslav (referee) ; Jeřábek, Jan (advisor)
The bachelor thesis focuses on design of fully-differential frequency filters in current mode. First part informs about problems concerning frequency filters and creating differential structures in current mode. Second part deals with used active components - Digitally Controlled Current Amplifier (DCCA) and Multiple Output Current Follower (MO-CF). Key point is own design of differential filters, which is divided into three parts. In the first part of design results there are filters obtained with help of models from FilterPro software. There are presented circuit structures implementing low pass, high pass and band pass frequency filters. At the next part two filters derived from autonomous circuits. These circuits are working as low pass and high pass frequency filters. In the last part are designed two types of integrator type components – loss integrator and lossless integrator. These circuits were used to realize cascade connection achieving three filtering function – band pass 1, band pass 2 and low pass. Final part summarises the thesis and features of designed structures.
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Synthesis of oligonucleotide conjugates with molecules enhacing binding power to nucleic acids chains
Bernardová, Simona ; Miletín, Miroslav (advisor) ; Opletalová, Veronika (referee)
Distamycin A, netropsin, Hoechst 33258 and other are substances that bind in minor groove in the double helix of A·T base pairs DNA sequences. This diploma thesis describes the synthesis of compounds structurally derived from the model molecule distamycin A and their conjugation with oligonucleotides. Synthesis of compounds derived from distamycin A was performed by methods of peptide synthesis in solution and on solid phase. For preparation of desired compounds have been carried out a number of sectional reactions which were only partially successful. The most promising seems to be molecule tert-butyl-5- (5-(2-(2-(2-(2-azidoethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethylcarbamoyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3- ylcarbamoyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-yl-carbamate.
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