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How facticity influences normativity: conventions in law
Rygl, Vojtěch ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
How facticity influences normativity: conventions in law This thesis is about social practice and its influence on the legal system. We examine the basic philosophical approaches to law and use them to challenge the very existence of conventions in law. After we derive the basic notion of convention we develop the three-step test to guarantee that we are able to identify conventions within the legal system and distinguish them from other categories of legal notions. The three-step test presented in chapter two is slightly modifying Andrei Mamor's test. The first criterion of the test is the existence of certain social group that maintains in certain situation specific conventional rule. The second criterion is build around the idea that conventions exist when there are people who have certain reasons to comply with this rule. Final criterion represents the existence of an alternative rule that could be upheld by those people as well. Nevertheless, those people rather comply with the conventional rule. If those three criterions are met, it is probable that we are dealing with conventions. We conclude that the conventions are present within every system of social norms although its importance within various legal cultures and systems varies dramatically. The value of social practice for legal practice shall...
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International protection of persons with health disabilities
Strnad, Jan ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
International protection of persons with disabilities Summary The theme of this thesis is the protection of persons with disabilities under international law. In last decades there have been a dramatic shift in the perception of disability. It has changed from medical approach to the social model of disability, which is closely connected with the human rights perspective on the "disability rights". This paradigm shift has culminated in adoption of the United Nations Convention on the rights of people with disabilities. Violating of their human have several forms and is spreaded all over the world. Nevertheless, the number of them is still growing. According to the WHO estimations about 15 % of world population live with some form of disability and most of them in developing countries in the condictions of the lack of elementary resources and support. Relation between disability, discrimination, poverty nad social exclusion is thus more than clear. On the other hand, people with disabilities definitely do not present any kind of homogeneous group. Diversity of people with disabilities brings a serious challenge in the various forms of obstacles and barriers preventing them from full and equal enjoyment of their human rights and thus a wide range of measures necessary to eliminate them. The aim of this work...
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Specific Features and Shortcomings of Contractual Obligations in International Transport, and the Establishment and Facilitation of Conditions Required by Goods Transportation Methods
Holubář, Josef ; Libertín, Josef (referee) ; Kudláček, Jaroslav (advisor)
This work deals with the specifics of relations between entities in the negotiation and implementation of international transport of goods. Since he is currently the most common way of transport of goods in Central Europe freight road transport of goods, the text is mainly dedicated to this issue. The underlying code for the obligations in this respect, the Convention CMR, which is devoted to a large part of the work. In other parts of the work is also introduced to the TIR Convention, the ADR Agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods and the ATP Agreement, which defines the requirements for the transport of perishable foodstuffs. In the end, understand that INCOTERMS clauses with international trade and international transport of goods is closely related.
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Vztah kongresového cestovního ruchu a kultury v ČR
Pašková, Pavlína ; Tyslová, Irena (advisor) ; Švarc, Daniel (referee)
Congress tourism is one of the most progressive types of tourism. It is determined by many specifics. I deal with those in detail in my work. The Czech Republic has very good conditions for its development for several years and is one of the world's most successful convention destinations. The potential of this sector, however, is not only economic benefits but may also have an impact on regional development and socio-cultural environment of the destination. This thesis deals with the potential of cultural services for the congress program and the prerequisites for their use. Then I focus on the impact of this industry in material culture, especially the possibility of using historical buildings. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the potential for congress tourism in the Czech Republic and to determine its impact on the cultural environment. I believe that my conclusions may be useful for providers of cultural services, municipal units and other students of Arts Management.
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Toxikological and health aspects of nonlethal chemical weapons.
HAMERNÍKOVÁ, Magdalena
ABSTRACT Toxicology and Health Aspects of Non-lethal Chemical Weapons. Non-lethal chemical weapons, which belong among the mass destruction weapons, have been one of the most frequently discussed topics recently. These weapons are able to disbar manpower or combat technology and weapons smartly and temporarily with minimum costs. The range of possible application of chemical weapons as non-lethal is probably wider compared to any other type, and there are a lot of means capable of immediate wide application nowadays. The possibility to produce highly efficient psychotropic substances with controllable action time, human immobilizing substances is particularly pointed out. The main aim of my work is to clarify the importance of non-lethal chemical weapons as possible means of suppressing inner turmoil and to find the extent of knowledge of non-lethal chemical weapons among the informed and the general public by means of obtained answers and follow-up research, then to confirm hypotheses that the informed public consider non-lethal chemical weapons to be combat means and weapon systems intended for temporary putting people out of combat or other intentional activity; that the general public perceive non-lethal chemical weapons as health endangering substances and have only limited information about them, by means of selected statistical methods. I chose questionnaire survey to examine awareness of the general and informed public of this matter. The statistic sets in both the groups consist of a hundred respondents from the city of České Budějovice. Stratified selection was performed for both the examined sets upon consultation with a member of the Fire Brigade in České Budějovice. In terms of threat to the population it is important to ensure its safety, namely upon the knowledge among the units of the Integrated Emergency System intervening in the instance of terroristic attack.
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The Current State of Destruction of Chemical Weapons in the World
HELEŠIC, Jiří
The subject of this thesis is a description, mapping and assessment of the present situation concerning the destruction of chemical weapons in the world. This thesis also attempts to predict the future development in this area. The introductory part presents the meaning of essential terms, the characteristics of chemical weapons, the classification of chemical warfare agents, the history of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, the description of this document and the subsequent formation and work of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemi-cal Weapons, its relations with the United Nations and an overview of the countries which stay outside the commitments of chemical disarmament. The goal of this work was to explore and evaluate the present situation concerning the destruction of chemical weapons in the world and to try to predict further develop-ment in this area. The methods used to map this problematic situation were to gather information from professional sources and involved organizations, then to compare the results of each country during their chemical weapons destruction in relation to their obligations to complete the liquidation. The outcome of this work was the confirmation of the hypothesis that despite the great efforts of the international society, despite the great efforts of general public and each country{\crq}s involved subjects at the national chemical weapons destruction in the world, this work has been succeeding very slowly and with great difficulties. To achieve complete disarmament will lie on the condition that countries will be subjected to effec-tive international control and that negotiations with countries which still stay outside the process of chemical disarmament will be hold even after the final deadline for disarma-ment in 2012.
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United Nations Convention for Contracts for International Sale of Goods
Horák, Milan ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kochan, Jan (referee)
The goal of this thesis is analysis of CISG significance, especially practical impacts since 1980 till present, and the analysis of selected conceptual problems of CISG, which need to be considered when CISG is applied. This thesis shall broaden very limited amount of Czech literature concerned with general practical approach to CISG in contrast to interpretation of individual articles or pure legal theory. First part briefly defines historical development of beginnings of unification and harmonisation in the area of sale of goods and further the origin of CISG. The significance of CISG in second part of the thesis is considered in relation to international trade, international law and harmonisation of legal orders in the area of civil law. Second part analysis reasons why and how is CISG so significant for these areas. The third part deals with selected conceptual problems: six official language versions, breach of art. 7 par. 1 CISG, automatic opt-out under art. 6 CISG and state reservations and their consequences.
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