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Legal aspects of assisted reproduction
Thalerová, Nicol ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Reproductive Medicine currently represents one of the fastest growing medical fields. The birth of Louise Joy Brown as the first baby conceived in vitro fertilization or in vitro, is considered being the historic milestone in development of the treatement methods in assised reproducion. Ethical discussions regarding the admissibility of these methods have developed as a result of technological advance of the infertility treatment. Adequate response of applicable law was required on the currant state of medicine which resulted in the need to regulate legally this field whether it's about establishing of assumption of fatherhood with regard to determination of fatherhood of a child conceived through artificial insemination, as well as determination of the basic conditions for the access to assisted reproductive techniques. Originally, the legislation of artificial insemination was defined only in the implementing regulation of the Ministry of Health, as the reproductive technologies were entirely new area. Today, the area of assisted reproduction is regulated in Act no. 373/2011. This thesis deals with the regulation of the assisted reproduction and it focuses on the controversial methods and procedures which are based on child sex selection, gamete donation and donor anonymity and also it deals with...
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The prevalence of chosen polymorphisms of luteinizing hormone receptor gene in Czech population and patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Chrudimská, Jana ; Macek, Milan (advisor) ; Schierová, Michaela (referee)
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic potentially life-threatening complication of assisted reproduction techniques (ART). It is caused by an increased sensitivity of ovaries to gonadotropins administered during the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). Thus, the degree of ovarian response can be gently tuned by genetic polymorphisms of gonadotropins and their receptors. The aim of this study is to ascertain the prevalence of polymorphisms Asn291Ser (rs1470652), Ser312Asn (rs2293275) and insLQ (insertion of leucine and glutamine, rs58356637) in the luteinizing hormone chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) gene in 102 Czech fertile men, 149 fertile women and 58 patients with serious grade of OHSS. Detection of the Asn291Ser and Ser312Asn polymorphisms was performed using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. The insLQ variation was detected by the capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence-labeled primers. This study ascertained the prevalence of studied variants in Czech fertile population. Obtained results are in concordance with the majority of data from other European populations. There is no difference in prevalence between control-men and control-women. No relation to the development of OHSS was disclosed. The number of analyzed samples is too small for haplotype analysis. These...
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Does the child born from donated gametes right to know its biological parents?
TOŠNEROVÁ, Jana
This thesis deals with the issue of assisted reproduction, ethical aspects of infertility treatment and in particular looking for the answer to the question of whether they have children from donated gametes natural right to know their biological parents, the gamete donors. The diploma thesis is devoted to the topic of infertility and description of some of the methods of assisted reproduction. Emphasis is on the status of child from gamete donation, especially with regard to its natural right to know the donor. Children only have the right to know the donor of the gametes from which it originated in countries, where the donation is not anonymous.. For these countries, the Czech republic does not belong. Seeking an answer to the question whether it is these children's natural right to know the identity of the donor, is started from how the natiral law is understood in general and also from a bio-psycho-social needs that children have. The work also includes a description of an exploratory survey realized in one of the reproductive clinics. Through survey, Infertile couples commented on the topic of organ donation and the possibility to confer children the natural right to know their biological parents.
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The role of LIF gene mutations and the relative distribution of NK cells, NKT and T lymphocytes in follicular fluid and blood of women with different history of infertility
Křížan, Jiří ; Šíma, Petr (advisor) ; Jonáková, Věra (referee) ; Kročová, Zuzana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Natural Sciences Summary of Ph.D. thesis The role of LIF gene mutations and the relative distribution of NK cells, NKT and T lymphocytes in follicular fluid and blood of women with different history of infertility Jiří Křížan Prague 2010 1 | P a g e Doctoral degree programs in biomedicine Charles University in Prague and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Programme: Biomedicine Chairman of the Subject Board: Doc. RNDr. Vladimír Holáň, Dr.Sc. Place of study: Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Academy of the Czech Sciences Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4 phone: +420 296 442 318 Autor: Mgr. Jiří Křížan Supervisor: RNDr. Petr Šíma, CSc. The dissertation can be found at Dean's Office Faculty of Charles University in Prague 2 | P a g e CONTENTS Contents 2 Summary 3 1. Introduction 5 2. Hypotheses and aims 6 3. Material and methods 7 Material: 7 Methods: 8 4. Results 10 5. Discussion 12 6. Conclusion 15 7. References 16 Bibliography of Autor: 18 1. papers in extenso (thesis background) 18 2. papers in extenso (without regard to thesis) 19 3 | P a g e SUMMARY The aim of the dissertation thesis "The role of LIF gene mutations and the relative distribution of NK cells, NKT, and T lymphocytes in follicular fluid and blood of women with different history of infertility"...
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The issue of infertility in the Czech Republic: an analysis of the success of assisted reproduction
Plačková, Veronika ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kandilaki, Daniela (referee)
The subject of my thesis is to analyze the evolution of the reproductive behavior of the Czech population to assess changes over time, especially after 1989 and to analyze the success of assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic in the period 2007 to 2013. It is divided into several parts. The first theoretical part describes the change in reproductive behavior after 1989, risk factors and causes of female and male infertility, possible tratments of diagnosed infertility and various methods of assisted reproduction. Another analytical part is dedicated to the evolution of fertility and the phenomenon of childlessness of young women. Some indicators are compared with selected European countries for an overall assessment. Subsequently are analyzed in detail the most widely used methods of assisted reproduction IVF, ICSI and kryoembryotransfer and of using indicators Pregnancy rate and Take-home baby rate is assessed their effectiveness. The thesis is supplemented by own research reproductive and family behavior on a selected sample of the Czech population.
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Women in the middle age and in the age of the late adulthood, who were not successful in the effort to have a child.
NEVORALOVÁ, Edita
Bachelor´s work deals with women who are in the age of 38 years old and more who have not got any children nevertheless they always wanted to have some children during their life but they posponed their decision to found the family until the middle age of their life. Some of them have still desire to have their own children and the others are gradually coming to terms with the fact that they will be probably childless. My work will be focused on their life circumstances which did not allow them to found the family. My work will be targeting to founding out some women´s attitudes to parenthood. Then I will also try to describe the demanding situation of the women, who are coming to term with the fact that they will not have a child. The work is divided into the theoratical and practical part. The theoretical part is about the psyche of the women link between some disordres of the infertility, then it is focused on responsible planning of the parenthood, on motivation of parenthood, on the problem of the induced abortion and it is also focused on the possibillity of the arteficial fertilization and adoption. Finally this part is dealing about the change of the life in the family which is in the narrow connection with the phenomenon of singles. After that I will mention the life of women without any children. Practical part is dedicated to qualitative research which is founded on five halfstructured interviewes with the women who are in the age of 38 years old and more who are childless. Then I will use the psychodiagnostic test as a projectative method of research-Chromatic associational experiment from Doc. PhDr. Vadima Ščepichina CSc. My research´s aim is to catch the difficult and demanding situation of the women, who were not succesfull in their effort to be pregnant. The other aim is to found out the causes which lead the women to postpone their decision to found the family until the middle age of their life. What factors influence women to become a parent. Then I would try to find out the role of the stress in the process of the conception and how the women are coping with possible failure to be pregnant.
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Ethical problems of reproductive medicine
STANISLAVOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis is aimed at the ethical aspect of reproductive medicine. I tried to outline particular dilemmas dealt with by individual religions in context with medical knowledge. Elaboration of the religious part was also supported by knowledge of experts in the field. The aim of the thesis was to outline the ethical aspect of reproductive medicine. The research was aimed at showing whether young couples see ethical problems in artificial insemination nowadays and whether the ethical aspect of the issue would discourage them from this step. Quantitative method was used for the research. The method of questioning in the form of non-standardized questionnaire was chosen for the research technique. It was designed for people at productive age (from under 23 years of age through over 41) living in marriages and their partners, who are childless or have just one child. The research has shown that nearly full majority of the pairs agree with homologous insemination; however I was convinced that they might have objections against heterologous variation of artificial insemination. Nevertheless the research as well as the consequent discussion showed that the desire for a child overrides everything else at the moment, including the standpoints of the churches the pairs support and their ethical objections. The research showed the fact that a certain number of couples, if they accepted the heterologous variation of artificial insemination would prefer the donator{\crq}s anonymousness to be eliminated. However there is a question whether the anonymous donators themselves would have the same opinion. I see the contribution of this thesis in showing that desire for a child is so strong that people are ready to put their whole-life religion aside. Another plus in my opinion is at least a basic outline of opinions on the artificial insemination issues and possible objections against its heterologous variant.
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Nursing care about women with multiple pregnancy
LINHARTOVÁ, Petra
ABSTRAKT Nowadays the occurrence of multiple pregnancy is connected with methods of artificial insemination that bring along many other complications. A multiple pregnancy requires greater attention, care of the obstetrician and the midwife. Because the attendance care for these woment keeps developing at the same time with new findings, it is necessary to provide a quality care, of which is mostly in charge an experienced midwife. Multiple pregnancy is a state when there is more than one fetus developed in the womb. Mostly we are speaking of twins (gemini), triplets (trigemini) and quadruplets (quadrigemini). A multiple pregnancy is a greater burden to the organism of the woman during the whole period of pregnancy. Speaking of multiple pregnancy we should count with occurrence of various complications, e.g. premature labour, placental insufficiency, or occurrence of toxaemia of pregnancy. Therefore an early and regular prenatal care is so important for women with multiple pregnancy. To find out whether the nursing care for woman with a multiple preganancy is carried out according to given nursing standards, we chose a quantitative survey and used the questionnaire form. There were 27 open questions, semi open and closed questions. Midwives could cross or fill in their answers. The questionnaires were distributed in Hospital České Budějovice a.s., Hospital Nymburk s.r.o. and in Hospital Český Krumlov s.r.o. and they showed that the nursing care, e.g. blood pressure measurement, pulse measurement, weighing pregnant women, fetal auscultation is fulfilled from 100%. It was further found out that the nursing standards are carried out from 83% and that the ultrasound examination of fetuses is carried out in 100% according to the recommendations of the Czech Gynecological and Obstetrical Society. 43% of midwives do not consider the care for women with multiple pregnancy more complicated than other hazardous pregnancies and 57% of midwives claim that the care for women with multiple pregnancy is not more complicated at all. The survey has shown that the nursing care for women with multiple pregnancy corresponds to nursing standards, which confirms the working hypothesis at the same time the goal of the paper concentrated on carrying out of nursing care according to nursing standards was fulfilled.
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