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The influence of corticosterone and corticoliberin on damage of the hippocampus and their relation to cognition
Řezáčová, Lenka ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Mejsnar, Jiří (referee) ; Šusta, Marek (referee)
Dissertation "The influence of corticosterone and corticoliberin on damage of the hippocampus and their relation to cognition" deals with the cognitive, behavioral and histological changes in experimental rat strain long-evans that closer describe the consequences of long-term continuous application of corticoliberin and/or corticosterone. Testing of the behavioral changes was divided into two phases. The first one - within three or fourweeks respectively administration of these hormones, therefore until their early effects - and the second phase - after four weeks of completion of the first phase at the time of the possible late effects. In the twelfth week the experimental animals were killed and in the group which had exogenously elevated corticosterone, the morphological changes in the hippocampus were monitored and measured. In all experimental groups alteration of behavior was observed. Histological and morphological changes in the brain we have found. Layout of experiments in two testing phases allowed differentiation of the early changes and the late and persistent changes. The arrangement of experiments allowed the choice of tests to compare not only individual effects of both hormones (corticoliberin and corticosterone) but also their coactioning and biological responses to them. Using a wider...
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Development of motor behaviour in the laboratory rat
Vítová, Šárka ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Bitnar, Petr (referee)
Rats are born at an early stage of neuro-ontogeny, comparable to the foetal stage of the human ontogenesis. Gradual maturation of the nervous system manifests in a changing motor behaviour. Here we review the chronology of motor development in the rat, including ontogeny of sensorimotor reactions, postural control, ground locomotion and swimming. The aim of the thesis is also to take inventory of methods for assesing the motor development in rats. Important intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the ontogeny of motor behaviour are discussed. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The pharmacological influencing of motor skills in juvenile laboratory rats
Stehlíková, Mariana ; Bitnar, Petr (referee) ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor)
Ganaxolone is a new potencional antiepileptic drug, synthetic analog of allopregnanolone which is a metabolite of progesterone. Preclinical and clinical studies point out its anticonvulsive effect in the treatment of both partial and generalized seizures including refractory epilepsy. The aim of our research was to investigate changes in the motor performance of the immature rats after administration of ganaxolone. We also focused on the relation between motoric impairment and the age of the rats which correlates with the age of children. 90 immature rats of age 12, 18 and 25 days were tested. Rats were divided in three groups injected with doses of 20 mgGNX/kg or 40 mgGNX/kg and the control group. The tests for assessing motor performance were chosen with respect to the maturation of sensorimotor reflexes from the following batery of tests: righting test, bar holding test, wire mesh test, negative geotaxis test and open field test. There were no significant differences before and after injection of the drug and in comparison with the control group not even in comparison of classes of age. We have demonstrated that the dose of ganaxolone effective against epileptic seizures does not markedly affect the motoric performance of the immature rats. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Effect of tapeworm (Hymenolepis diminuta) on bioaccumulation of zinc in the host (Rattus norvegicus)
Sloup, Vladislav ; Jankovská, Ivana (advisor)
This research investigates the ability of rat tapeworm (Hymenolepis diminuta) to accumulate zinc in tissue and the influence of its intake and excretion by its host (laboratory rat). The host was fed by food with zinc in two forms: 1) a mixture of standard food ST1 with hyperaccumulator plant Arabidopsis halleri, 2) ST1 mixture with zinc lactate, which is ordinarily used as a feed supplement for increasing zinc content and it is often included in human diet supplements. Rat control group fed by ST1 only was included in the experiment for verification of the difference. Rats were divided to six groups (OO, OT, RT, RO, MO a MT). Three rat groups were infected by rat tapeworm (OT, RT, MT) and three rat groups were not infected (OO, RO, MO). The control groups OO and OT were fed by ST1 only. RO and RT groups were fed by ST1 with admixture of Arabidopsis halleri and groups MO and MT were fed by ST1 with zinc lactate. Urine and excrements of the rats were collected twice a week during the experiment and their amounts were measured every day. The rats were weighted every week. At the end of the balance phase of the experiment rats were euthanized and seven selected tissues were removed (liver, kidney, spleen, small intestine, testis, muscle and bone). Rat tapeworm was removed from the infected rats. Blood was drawn from the rats. The results show that rat groups infected by the rat tapeworm had lower concentration of zinc in almost all analyzed tissues except for spleen, where the concentration of zinc was the same as in groups without the rat tapeworm. Based on the results the rat tapeworm also has an influence on the excretion of feces and urine.
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Interaction between tapeworm infection and heavy metals accumulation in the host
Magdálek, Jan ; Jankovská, Ivana (advisor) ; Ivana, Ivana (referee)
Heavy metals in living organisms occur in trace amounts. While zinc is an essential element wich is indispensable for many physiological processes, cadmium in body acts
as atissue toxin, that can cause oxidative stress and contribute to cancer development. Recent studies suggest that some species of tapeworms (Cestoda) and Acantocephala are able
to absorb in their tissue higher quantity of heavy metals in comparsion with their hosts. Moreover it was observed that In connection with the increased accumulation of heavy metals in the tissue of tapeworm was decreased amounts of these metals in the organs of the host. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether the rat tapevorm (Hymenolepis diminuta) causes a decrease in the concentration of Cd and Zn in the organs of rats. A total of 24 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Groups PT and 0P take increased doses of kadmium (3,0 mg/week) and zinc (235,7 mg/week) for six weeks. This increased intake was achieved by adding Arabidopis halleri to feed. After six weeks rats were killed and concentrations in their tissues (bone, muscle, testes, spleen, intestine, liver kidney) were analyzed. Subsequent statistical tests confirmed lower levels of Cd and Zn in some organs
of rats infected with tapeworm compared to rats without infection. For example
in kidney, liver ant intestine of infected rats was detected 2,9; 2,5 and 1,8 times lower concentrations of cadmium and zinc in comparsion with uninfected rats. Tapeworm absorbed 1695 time higher amount of kadmium compared to the host muscle. The zinc content was lower in all organs (except spleen and testes) of infected rats in comparsion to uninfected.
In kidney, liver and intestine of infected rats was 1,2; 1,25 and 1,4 times lower average concentration of zinc in comparsion with uninfected rats. The tape worm absorb higher concentration of zinc compared to all organs of the host.
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The influence of different diet on the hematological and biochemical parameters in rats
Hudíková, Tereza ; Fučíková, Alena (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
This thesis aims to investigate the relationship between increased protein dosage intake and selected haematological and biochemical markers. An experiment was designed using the Wistar laboratory rats of the male gander and similar age (born within +/- 5 days). These specimens were then divides into 3 groups with 10 specimens each. The age of the specimens at the beginning of the experiment was around 62 days. The first group was fed the standard corny mixture ad libitum, while the second group received 6 grams of the standard corny mixture and 10 grams of beef meat per day (thus reflecting the same amount of nitrous compounds as for the first group) and the last (third) group was fed ad libitum with homogenised beef meat. Before the diet was imposed on the three groups, blood samples were collected from all specimen from the lateral tail vein; after the diet was completed, blood samples were collected by in vivo heart puncture. All blood samples were subjected to haematological (using EDTA blood) and biochemical (using blood plasma) analysis. Overall, the following markers were measured: amount of erythrocytes, haematocrit level, haemoglobin level and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) for the haematological analysis and triacylglycerol level, cholesterol level, amount of urea, amount of magnesium and the amount of iron for the biochemical analysis. Dietary induced significant changes were observed for the following markers: number of erythrocytes, levels of haemoglobin and MCV from the haematological analysis and cholesterol levels, amount of magnesium and amount of iron from the biochemical analysis; therefore showing that altered diet can have affect haematological and biochemical blood markers.
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Sledování antioxidační aktivity u laboratorního potkana při zkrmování barevné pšenice Konini
Holeksová, Veronika
In the experiment, we observed how it affects feeding colored wheat grains with purple color on the antioxidant activity in the liver and in the blood of rats. For the experiment, we used 64 male rats Wistar albino four to six weeks. The experiment was performed four weeks. Experimental group (n=32) rats fed the only color wheat Konini. Purple wheat Konini (14.01 mg/g of anthocyanins). The control group (n=32) are fed conventional wheat Bohemia mixed with gluten to supplement the crude protein content as Konina (16%). During the experiment, we looked at three day intervals additions and weighed daily feed consumption. Antioxidant activity was measured by methods DPPH, FR, FRAP and ABTS. Results of measurement of antioxidant activity in the liver appeared inconclusive for all the methods. Only the results of the FR and FRAP with blood appeared conclusive. At control FR mg/l 297,35+-23,94 and Konini 215,57+-12.16 .FRAP mg/l control 28,78+-1,35 and 23.86 +-1.28 Konin. Other methods for blood came out inconclusive as well as in the liver. We found that liver weight in rats fed wheat Konin was 7% lower than in control rats. The results were processed using a statistical method ANOVA Scheffe test.
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