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A platform for creating and sharing interactive educational materials based on data from knowledge graphs
Matějík, Jakub ; Nečaský, Martin (advisor) ; Stenchlák, Štěpán (referee)
In this thesis, we will explore the possibilities of Solid technology and the use of Solid for application implementation. This application will be used to create mind maps and social networking for teachers and students. In order to do this, we will analyze the features of Solid for designing a social network application and its features and suitable use cases. Based on this analysis and user requirements, we will design the architecture along with the operations to make them convenient for the user. Next, we will learn about the concepts in Linked Data and analyze knowledge bases for use in our application. The result is implementing a proof-of-concept application that allows the intuitive creation of mind maps and their sharing within classes. 1
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Effect of dysbiosis on proportion of particular neutrophil subsets and their functional capacities
Sklenářová, Lydie ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Dobeš, Jan (referee)
The gut microbiota is crucial for maintaining physiological balance and influences metabolic processes, immune responses, and intestinal barrier function. Dysbiosis, or the imbalance of microbial composition, is associated with a range of health complications, including chronic inflammatory conditions such as non-specific intestinal inflammations. Inflammatory processes associated with dysbiosis and changes in microbial metabolites can directly affect the activation of neutrophils, impacting the pathogenesis of various diseases. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, offer the potential for positive modulation of these inflammatory conditions The aim of this thesis was to explore how experimentally induced intestinal dysbiosis affects the heterogeneity of neutrophils in the bone marrow. Dysbiosis was induced by administering antibiotics to mice, which were subsequently treated with the probiotic strain Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (EcO83). Neutrophil phenotypes were assessed using flow cytometry based on the expression of surface markers CD11b, Ly6G, CD62L, and CXCR2. Meanwhile, gene expression related to their antimicrobial functions and the inflammatory environment was analyzed by quantitative PCR. The results...
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Impact of leisure and social activites on quality of life among erderly in Europe - SHARE data analysis
Pluhařová, Markéta
Impact of leisure and social activites on quality of life among erderly in Europe - SHARE data analysis Abstract Due to demographic aging, the quality of life of an increasing proportion of seniors is becoming more important than ever. According to activity theory and the concept of active aging, active life is a way to experience good old age. The diploma thesis focuses on the impacts of leisure and social activities on the quality of life of elderly over 65 in 17 European countries. Sixth wave data from The Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) from 2015 and the easySHARE panel dataset are analyzed using binary regression analysis and multilevel modeling using binary regression analysis. The relationship of 11 selected activities, which were divided for the needs of this thesis into social, individual activities and activities aimed at helping others, and quality of life is controlled for socio-economic, demographic and health characteristics. Quality of life is meassured using the CASP-12 indicator. For social and individual activities, active elderly have a higher chance of a high quality of life (CASP-12 score> 39) than inactive. Elderly who do not provide personal care assistance to people from the same household also have a better chance than caregivers. Key words ageing, ageing of...
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Molecular mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury (DILI)
Vašků, Markéta ; Smutný, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pávek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Markéta Vašků Supervisor: PharmDr. Tomáš Smutný, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Molecular mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) Drug-induced liver injury is a common reason for halting the development of new drugs and has led to the withdrawal of several drugs from the market in the past. This diploma thesis aims to describe the molecular mechanisms responsible for drug hepatotoxicity and present both methods of preclinical and clinical testing of drugs to detect potential hepatotoxicity and examples of hepatotoxicity. Five mechanisms are currently known to cause DILI, namely mitochondrial damage, formation of reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, lysosomal damage, inhibition of bile acid transport, and activation of the immune response. However, these mechanisms have not fully been explored yet and require further research. Unfortunately, even testing still falls short of perfection. Neither preclinical in vitro models nor animal models are completely satisfactory and cannot reliably detect DILI. The same applies to clinical testing. DILI is very complex and usually requires the interplay of multiple factors, which may not be reflected in clinical testing. Particulary,...
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The testing of familiar relationship in the identification genetics
Bobková, Alena ; Vaněk, Daniel (advisor) ; Zemanová, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis analyses kinship testing in identification genetics, which is a discipline enabling the genetic identification of individuals and the determination of genetic relatedness between them. This thesis covers a wide range of applications from forensic analysis through genealogical studies to biodiversity conservation. This field has been rapidly growing and gaining on importance since the 1980s, when the foundations of DNA fingerprinting were laid based on the discovery of hypervariable minisatellite regions in the genome. This thesis aims to provide an overview of methods and techniques that are used for genetic identification and kinship testing. The thesis discusses genetic markers such as STRs or SNPs, which are the basis for genetic profiling, are discussed. In addition statistical methods for evaluating genetic match and methodologies for determining the probability of kinship are also discussed. Finally, practical applications of identification genetics are presented, including its use in forensic science or in case of solving genealogical questions. The potential and future development of the technologies and their impact on society is discussed at the end of the thesis. Thus, the thesis contributes to a better understanding of the importance and opportunities of...
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Employment experiences among people with schizophrenia
Nykl, Matěj ; Zábrodská, Kateřina (advisor) ; Šípová, Ivana (referee)
This master's thesis deals with the issue of work experiences and employment of individuals with schizophrenia. Research indicates that engagement in work activities can have a positive impact on the course of the illness, but employment is significantly more challenging for individuals with schizophrenia compared to the general population. Although most individuals with schizophrenia are interested in being employed, only a small proportion of them succeed in the long term. In the Czech context, this is a relatively unexplored issue, therefore there is a lack of knowledge about how people with schizophrenia experience their employment and what difficulties they face. The aim of this master's thesis is to further explore the work experiences of individuals with schizophrenia and to determine what specific factors they perceive as supportive or limiting for their involvement in paid employment. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into two main chapters, with the first one focusing on schizophrenia itself including its symptoms, prognosis, diagnosis, and the impacts of stigma. The subject of the second chapter is the possibilities of employment for individuals with schizophrenia, particularly the benefits associated with work, support mechanisms for this group, and their needs. The...
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Conflict prevention and de-escalation in pediatric nursing
Prosová, Iveta ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Vlachová, Marie (referee)
Background: This paper focuses on conflict prevention and de-escalation in pediatric nursing. Aims: The theoretical aim of this thesis is to review relevant information on conflict prevention and de-escalation in paediatric nursing from the available Czech and international literature. The obtained knowledge is to be sorted, critically assessed and evaluated. The empirical aim of this thesis is to carry out quantitative research using a non-standardized questionnaire distributed distributed to nurses working in paediatric inpatient wards of Motol University Hospital, to statistically process and evaluate the obtained data and to formulate conclusions and recommendations on conflict prevention and de-escalation for practice based on the results of the questionnaire survey. Methodology: The research was conducted in the form of a non-standardized anonymous questionnaire of our own design, distributed to paediatric, general and practical nurses working in the paediatric wards at Motol Hospital. 144 correctly completed questionnaires are included in the final study. Results: The research survey revealed that although 72% of nurses consider education on conflict prevention and de-escalation important, only 21% of nurses have received such education in the last 5 years. Of the 68% of nurses who report...
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Fleas as hosts and vectors of bacteria
Hovorková, Jana ; Hammerbauerová, Iva (advisor) ; Myslivcová Fučíková, Alena (referee)
Fleas (Siphonaptera) are worldwide significant ectoparasites and vectors of several human pathogens. The most serious flea-born infections include plague, rickettsiosis and bartonellosis caused by Yersinia pestis, Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. I have focused on the microbiome of fleas with an emphasis on bacteria which are transmitted by fleas or are pathogenic, mutualistic or commensal in relation to their flea host, from the point of view of their mutual interactions. The composition of the flea microbiome can be influenced both by mutual interactions between individual bacteria and by many different factors, which include, for example, the species or gender of flea or its host, humidity and temperature of the environment or geographic location.
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Interference in the photochemical generation of volatile Se species using TiO2 photocatalyst
Nentvich, Daniel ; Nováková, Eliška (advisor) ; Hraníček, Jakub (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the study of interferences in the method of UV-photochemical vapour generation of volatile Se species in formic acid media catalysed by nanocrystalline titanium dioxide. High resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry was used for detection. It was observed that SeVI was less resistant to pH change relative to SeIV , while at pH = 2.3, a 20% increase in response was observed for this specie. It was further observed that both the generated volatile SeIV and SeVI species are resistant to UV radiation in the gas phase. The Cu2+ and Ag+ ions were particularly significant interferents in the SeIV determination. Interference behaviour was also observed for Cd2+ ions and silver nanoparticles. In the case of Cd2+ ions, the generation of cadmium selenide was likely observed. For Zn2+ , Fe2+ , Co2+ ions, there was an increase in response of more than 30% and 40%, in case of Ni2+ ions. The Co2+ and Ni2+ ions were chosen as reaction modifiers. For the UV-photochemical vapour generation of selenium species with photocatalyst and reaction modifiers, there was a 4-fold improvement in detection limits and limits of quantification compared to the method without these modifiers. In addition, the overall generation efficiencies for SeIV (64.7 %) and SeVI (68.6 %) were...
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Novel therapeutic targeting of the quorum sensing transcriptional regulation in multi-antibiotic resistant bacterium Staphylococcus aureus
Maďarová, Anna ; Maloy Řezáčová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Cherepashuk, Ivan (referee)
The threat of antibiotic resistance is deemed as a ticking time-bomb, yet in spite of this, the number of newly discovered antibiotics continues to steeply decline. Each year, infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria kill more than 4.95 million people, which demonstrates that in order to tackle this crisis, a novel approach is desperately required. The solution could be found in targeting bacterial transcriptional regulators that are responsible for the control of various virulence factors and can be highly species-specific. This also applies to the most widespread multi-drug resistant bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, whose virulence is intricately linked to the transcriptional regulation of the quorum sensing system. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize current knowledge about clinically relevant transcriptional regulators that are associated with this system (AgrA, SarA, SarR, MgrA, Rot), with focus on their 3D structures, mechanisms of action, and inhibition. Key words: antibiotic resistance, transcriptional regulation, quorum sensing, Staphylococcus aureus
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