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The potential of parking-lots at railway stations for commuting to Prague
Malátek, David ; Marada, Miroslav (advisor) ; Haas, Václav (referee)
Metropolises like Prague are increasingly burdened by the negative aspects of growing individual car transportation. The most significant burden likely comes from the daily commute for employment from the broader Prague region to the capital. Public mass transit options are limited, and there are various reasons why people are unwilling or unable to relinquish the use of their own means of transportation. A significant reason is the limited transportation accessibility in residential areas. In contrast, in Prague, transportation accessibility is generally at a high level. Therefore, to alleviate this, Park and Ride (P+R) facilities are being established near railway stations or metro stations on the outskirts of the capital. However, in the broader Prague region within the Central Bohemian Region, such facilities are still relatively scarce. This thesis will examine the potential of Park and Ride facilities at railway stations in the Prague metropolitan area for suburban transportation, with a focus on commuting to work and schools. The issue will be elucidated based on sources of professional literature and statistical data. Subsequently, an analysis will be conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using P+R facilities for commuting to work or schools for individual municipalities in the studied...
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Physiology of ectomycorrhizal fungi - in vitro cultivation
Holková, Beata ; Kolařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Moravcová, Andrea (referee)
Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis (ectomycorrhiza) is a very important interaction, which affects plants and fungi in a variety of ecosystems. This interaction has been of interest to many mycologists and botanists for over a century. However, there is still a lot to be discovered. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are valuable inoculants, sources of biological pigments, antibiotics and even food. Better understanding of their nourishment and growth physiology, which is the main focus of my work, may increase the efficiency of in vitro cultivation and thus promote progress in fields beyond mycology.
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Chronotherapy as a new trend in the treatment of hypertension
Pafková, Patrícia ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Alánová, Petra (referee)
Hypertension is still the leading cause of death and cardiovascular morbidity worldwide, but its long-term control remains unsatisfactory. Blood pressure is subject to certain variability during 24 hours, when its values are 10-20% lower at night than during the day. Due to the new knowledge that the circadian rhythm exists in almost all organ systems, interest in chronotherapy as a new trend in treatment is growing. This bachelor's thesis points out the importance of respecting circadian rhythms and includes current knowledge about chronotherapy of hypertension, together with an analysis of its benefits in the treatment of high blood pressure. Keywords: hypertension, circadian rhytm, antihypertensives, chronotherapy, blood pressure
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Horizons of type D black holes
Ovcharenko, Hryhorii ; Podolský, Jiří (advisor) ; Maeda, Hideki (referee)
In this thesis, we investigate the properties of horizons appearing in the most general black-hole electrovacuum solution of algebraic type D. Firstly, we analyze the completely general type D solution, found by Debever, Kamran, and McLenaghan, and show that the only subsolution corresponding to black holes is the Plebanski-Demianski one. Then we demonstrate that all horizons within the Plebanski-Demianski family are regular, mean- ing that all curvature scalars and Riemann tensor components in the proper tetrad are finite. Moreover, we systematically explore the possible degeneracy of horizons within the Plebanski-Demianski class of spacetimes. Despite it being impossible for all four hori- zons to coincide, there are still several configurations of degenerate (extremal) horizons in which there is no thermal radiation from the corresponding black hole. Subsequently, we focus on constructing a set of coordinates that are adapted to freely-falling observers and are regular on the horizon, generalizing thus the Doran coordinates to the Plebanski- Demianski family of spacetimes. We demonstrate that this generalization is not unique, and different approaches are more suitable for different situations. 1
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Sperm DNA damage: detection methods used in clinical practice
Tušlová, Magdaléna ; Postlerová, Pavla (advisor) ; Koubek, Pavel (referee)
The current routine semen analysis, known as a spermiogram, is not able to provide a complete picture of male fertility as it does not routinely include an assessment of DNA integrity. This parameter is closely related to difficulties during conception and increased risk of miscarriage. This paper discusses the causes of sperm DNA damage, the detection of this damage by various methods and concludes with a discussion of the possibilities of incorporating these tests into clinical practice to improve the assessment and treatment of male fertility. Mechanisms of sperm DNA fragmentation include impaired spermatogenesis, oxidative stress and impaired apoptosis, which can be influenced by genetic, anatomical and external factors. The main part of this thesis was devoted to a review of methods for the detection of sperm DNA fragmentation, including sperm chromatin structure analysis (SCSA), sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD), TUNEL method, single-strand DNA break recognition test (ISNT), comet assay and chromatin staining. Although some of these methods are frequently used, challenges remain in their standardization and full integration into clinical practice. However, the possibility of their routine use could bring significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. Among the...
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Cortical microcircuits and synaptic transmission in epilepsy
Doležal, Filip ; Králíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Svoboda, Jan (referee)
Epilepsy is a permanent predisposition of the brain to generate epileptic seizures. This widespread disease significantly impairs patients' life. Since epilepsy is defined only by its common symptoms, the research is complicated due to the variety of possible causes that can result in this disorder. Although many forms of therapy targeting different etiologies of this disorder exist, it is often challenging to select the right treatment and about one third of the patients still suffer from refractory seizures. Nevertheless, several proteins that participate in synaptic transmission and may undergo specific changes in their function have been identified. These changes in function affect both the activity of synapse and the involvement of synaptic connections in neuronal microcircuits. Microcircuits are common motifs of connections amidst excitatory and inhibitory neurons that are necessary for the transmission and processing of information in the brain. Microcircuits can be temporarily or permanently impaired by pathogenic processes on the molecular level, which may be responsible for the origination and propagation of seizures. Keywords epilepsy, ictogenesis, microcircuits, synaptic transmission
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Impact of nanomaterials on mesenchymal stem cells and tissue regeneration
Echalar, Barbora ; Holáň, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hubálek Kalbáčová, Marie (referee) ; Buchtová, Marcela (referee)
Nanomaterials (NMs) are widely used in medicine for their antimicrobial properties. They are part of antibacterial coatings, creams, pharmaceutical vehicles or additives in drugs and other medical products. However, the impact of NMs on human organism is still not completely established. Nanoparticles (NPs) penetrate the cell membrane and enter to intracellular compartments including the nuclei. Different types of NPs could have various side effects on cell functions. These side effects include the damage of stem cells (SCs) or immune cells lead to slower regeneration and impaired wound healing. Therefore, the simultaneous application of NPs during SC therapy could decrease the therapeutic abilities of SCs. One type of SCs tested in clinical therapies nowadays are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Therefore, we studied the impact of metal NPs (i.e. silver, copper oxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide) on characteristics and functional properties of mouse MSCs. Additionally, the effect of NPs on the expression of phenotypic markers, metabolic activity, differentiation potential, expression of genes for immunoregulatory molecules and on production of cytokines and growth factors was analyzed. We found that all types of tested NPs had a negative impact on the activity of MSCs and thus could alter tissue...
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Inquiry-based education focused on traffic noise pollution
Gonzálezová, Natálie ; Jelen, Jakub (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on teaching the impacts of traffic in grammar schools. Specifically, it addresses one of the leading negative impacts, namely noise pollution, which is a worsening problem as the volume of traffic continues to grow. The aim of the thesis is to create and implement a lesson on this topic using an inquiry-based teaching approach. Pupils will learn how to measure approximate noise levels, understand its impacts, and devise a plan to improve the situation. The lesson will be pilot tested by pupils from the Secondary School of Surveying and the Geographical Grammar School in Prague. The theoretical part introduces the issue of noise pollution in more detail, describes inquiry-based teaching and its integration into lessons. The practical part provides teaching materials and a thorough methodology, that serves as a guide for teachers who would like to apply the lesson in their classes. Subsequently, the course of the lesson at the Geographical Grammar School is described, along with reflections from both the teacher's and students' perspectives. Based on assessment of the students' knowledge before and after the lesson, they appeared to have a better understanding of the issue. In the feedback, the pupils especially appreciated the fieldwork, the formation and testing of...
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Changes in mitochondrial DNA in colorectal cancer patients
Danešová, Natálie ; Vodenková, Soňa (advisor) ; Büchler, Tomáš (referee)
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) changes occur more frequently in the cell than alterations in nuclear DNA (nDNA) due to factors such as proximity to reactive oxygen species (ROS) or fewer DNA repair pathways. While nDNA damage is known to play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC), there is a lack of studies concerning mtDNA damage. Changes in mtDNA copy number, a possible indirect marker of mtDNA damage known as mtDNA content, have been reported in CRC with conflicting results. Various changes in mtDNA have been observed in multiple cancer types and proposed as potential biomarkers, including CRC; however, its exact role in disease progression, patients' prognosis, or prediction of treatment is yet to be determined. The primary hypothesis of this study was that mitochondrial dysfunctions resulting from mtDNA changes play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis and could serve as potential CRC biomarkers. To test this hypothesis, we measured mtDNA damage, mtDNA content, and the expression of selected DNA repair genes in both tumor and adjacent non-malignant mucosa. Initially, we conducted a Pilot study involving 7 patients, utilizing RNA sequencing and qPCR. Subsequently, a Validation study was performed on a larger cohort of 50 patients using qPCR. Our findings revealed that adjacent mucosa exhibited higher...
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Sex reversal in cytogenomic world
Khomyn, Diana ; Drábová, Jana (advisor) ; Šolc, Roman (referee)
Sex development is a sophisticated regulatory system that is controlled by the activation and inhibition of specific genes. Gonadal differentiation is governed by the presence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome. Expression of this gene triggers a cascade of events leading to the formation of testicular tissue; otherwise, in the absence of the Y chromosome and the SRY gene, the reproductive system develops towards the ovaries. As technologies in cytogenetics and molecular biology have advanced, diagnostic methods have improved and the molecular causes of DSD, which are both clinically and causally diverse, are being increasingly elucidated. There are several classification systems for DSD, and this thesis is based on the classification with three main diagnostic categories: 46,XX DSD; 46,XY DSD and sex chromosome anomalies. This system uses the patients' karyotype and histological characteristics of the gonads to identify and descriptively classify DSDs. This thesis briefly describes the categories of DSD, their characteristic features, and how they differ from each other. The main focus is on the categories 46,XX DSD and 46,XY DSD, previously referred to as sex reversals, which involves the development of phenotypic features that are contrary to the genotype of the individual. The 46,XX DSD...
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