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The diagnostics of the hepatitis C virus with usage of methods of the molecular biology
JAKUBCOVÁ, Markéta
Hepatitis C is a virus caused liver irritation, which leads to hepatocelular carcinoma in more than a quarter of cases. Six different genotypes with at least fifty different subtypes are known (3). Hepatitis C virus rapidly undergoes mutation, which causes every infected person to have more of slightly different variants of the virus in their body. Consequently, the immune system often loses control over the virus, which can lead to the observed chronicity. Qualitative confirmation is important for determination of the presence of the virus. Quantitative confirmation, on the other hand, is crucial for commencing and monitoring of the treatment. (20) The most often examined species is blood serum, or plasma. HCV can be diagnosed directly, or indirectly. Confirmation of the presence of anti-HCV antibodies (indirectly) by Elisa method is routine and very basic screening in most laboratories. Detectable anti-HCV antibodies occur three weeks to six months after the primoinfection (every person?s immune system reacts differently). This indirect test is usually negative in early phases of infection. (21) For direct confirmation of the virus, solely PCR ? polymerase chain reaction ? methods are used. In the first phase, it is necessary to isolate RNA of the virus from the biological material. This can be done either by a special isolation instrument, or manually, using special isolating kits. Use of different methods may result in different yield and purity of RNA. In my work, I used only hand column isolation. After obtaining the RNA of the virus, qualitative confirmation follows. In my case, an ?In house? method was used ?the RT PCR (reverse transcription PCR) followed by the PCR amplification of specific segment of viral RNA, which are visualized by gel electrophoresis in presence of ethidium bromide, which works as an intercalation species. Double step PCR is used. In the first step, reverse transcription progresses for 30 minutes at 50°C. In the presence of RNase inhibitor and reverse transcriptase enzyme RNA is overwritten to cDNA, which is subsequently multiplicated using specific primers. This process is a part of one PCR reaction, which takes place in the Thermocycler in the presence of specific primers, water, buffer, nucleotides, and specific enzyme. For the second round of Nested PCR two different sequences of primers are used. PCR is used for enhancing the sensitivity and specifity of the method. Products of the PCR are then visualized on the agarose gel with intercalation agent (most commonly ethidium bromide).(3) Quantitative determination of viremia level is carried out with Real Time PCR. Detection proceeds in real time using fluorescence dyes. Dyes are usually bonded onto oligonucleotide probe, which specifically bonds to a PCR amplificate. Measuring the intensity of fluorescence enables confirmation and quantification of the products. The system is also able to identify potencial PCR inhibition with internal control. After addition of standards of known concentration, we can work out a calibration curve and use it to quantify measured samples (19). In this work, two isolation kits are compared: a) High Pure Viral RNA Kit (Roche) ? kit used for isolation viral RNA from biological material (serum, plasma). In the first phase, biological material is decomposed, RNA is collected on the column with membrane, washed multiple times and eluted to water for use in Real Time PCR (8) b) QIAamp Viral RNA mini Kit (Qiagen) ? kit used for isolation of viral RNA from blood plasma, or serum. Firstly, biological material is decomposed, RNA is collected on the column with membrane, washed multiple times and eluted to water for use in Real Time PCR (13).The samples isolated with the QIAamp Viral RNA Kit (Qiagen) have shown higher values of measured viral RNA after quantification.
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Employee selection, appraisal and development by means of the assessment centre
Dočekalová, Klára ; Michalová, Lucie (referee) ; Šnýdrová, Ivana (advisor)
The aim of this study is to clarify that is the Assessment Centre method, it's theoretical background and to focus on psychodiagnostic methods and their suitability for usage in Assessment Centre. Close attention is paid to expected future for this method. First part of this study is focused on definition of the method, usage areas and theoretical background. Measuring for the method effectiveness is important for standardization procedure. For that reason is study aimed on criterias that needs to be measured. The main attention is paid to diagnostic tools used in Assessment Centre. The final part is focused on program realization process.
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Design and realization of wireless interface ODBII-XBee
Zatloukal, Martin ; Frýza, Tomáš (referee) ; Prokopec, Jan (advisor)
This master’s thesis describes possibilities of usage of ZigBee communication protocol and integrated circuit ELM 327 in problem of realization universal diagnostic device, running by OBDII communication standards, which can be used to monitor function of all car´s electronic systems. Thesis also deals with design and realization of necessary electro technical devices and modules followed by compilation of control software and experimental measurements of these devices in real traffic flow. In the first part of project, there are reminded some basic features and parameters of OBDII, followed by description of ways how to use OBDII and adumbrating how to realize universal diagnostic system. The analysis of ZigBee system focused on XBee circuits follows. Construction, ways of data transfer and possibilities of controlling are described. Integrated circuits produced by ELM Electronics Company are introduced and possibilities of usage ELM 327 are described as requested by main task. Second part talks about designing of electronic circuits of this system, assembling schematic diagram and designing sources for production of PCB. Physical realization of these circuits and its first start is also included. Thesis finishes by dealing with practical experiences and measurements using real vehicles. This part talks also about means to improve system by several software solutions to reach more effective functioning of created device.
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Investigative CT algorithms for the early diagnosis of ischemic brain lesions
VOHNOUTOVÁ, Markéta
Stroke is the second most often cause of death in the Czech Republic after heart attack. It is not to say that older people are afflicted in particular. In the last period of ten years there are more often cases of stroke and ictus for people at the age of 40. The aim of this bachelor work is processing of knowledge acquisition in summary. The main point of this work is to evaluate the asset of new software programmes of multidetector computed tomography during early diagnostic of sudden strokes. In part of Present state there are following terms described in detail. It is etiology, aethiopathogenesis, risk factors of stroke. The next part is centred on anatomy of brain vascular supply and computed tomography Nowadays, software programmes have been improved enough for early diagnostics of ischaemic brain lesion. It is caused with continual improvement of diagnostic imaging and its digitalization. In many medical fields it has been spoken about new field of imaging - digital radiography. The computed tomography represents star part in the diagnostics, scanning of non-enhanced brain is the first period of the diagnostics, this algorithm shows us if it concerns haemorrhage or non-haemorrhage centre, continuing perfusion of brain which represents chat percent of tissue is damaged forever and it is finished with diagnostic process Angiography. The following part is focused on processing of data acquisition from České Budějovice Hospital, Inc. and Masaryk Municipal Hospital in Jilemnice. In these hospitals there are the numbers of patients examined CT compared. My hypotesis is confirmed and I can say that usage of new software programmes for early diagnostic of sudden strokes reduces per cent of complications during their cure.
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Application of electromagnetic and acoustic emission signals for localization of cracks generated during mechanical stressing of solids
Burděj, Václav ; Sadovský, Petr (referee) ; Koktavý, Pavel (advisor)
Terms of acoustic emission (AE) and electromagnetic emission (EME) designated physical effects and also as diagnostic methods based on these effects. These effects are caused by generated cracks in materials that rank among non-destructive techniques of material diagnostics. The advantage of them is that they do not affect the measured object and give us information about the current dynamic state of a tested material. One disadvantage of these effects is that they provide very low energy of signal emissions and make it difficult for broader usage. It is expected better localization of cracks in non-conductive materials by connecting of these two techniques (diagnostics). There are designed and described new methods for crack detection with usage of AE and EME signals in this work. Also there is description of measuring arrangement intended of crack detection and experimental sample for checking accuracy of methods for crack detection. There was performed comparison of accuracy of methods in crack detection.
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The use of the therapical methods in the childrens center Arpida
STRASSOVÁ, Kristýna
The usage of arteterapeutic metodics in child centre Aripa in Ceske budejovice Child centre Arpida in Ceske Budejovice provides complex care for children and youth with body and combined disability in spirit of so called comprehensive rehabilitation. Provides care on field of social affairs, education and health. There is a detection, diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitation, educational, special interest, respective, consultant, methodical, assessment and prevent care secured. My work is focused on creative expression of children with combined disability. Work with clay and various creative materials by the use of various techniques. The target is a verbalisation of children problems through the animation, the work that follows is a result artefact. I am trying to freed/set free, concentration, imagination development, kind of personality restructuring. Kind of a comprehensive self view. I am starting from my experiences from leading of creative bees. I am working with two groups. The children are different in their age (7-16yrs), differs in type of disability. In this work I am going concretely to be focused on 2 children. Káťa (16yrs) 2 siblings, there are 5more children in foster care in the family. She has the epilepsy, middle mental retardation, dyslalia. Vojta (11yrs) concentration disorder, concentration of LMD type, dyslalia, hyper-kinetic syndrome. Children cerebral palsy. The creative move I am going to achieve with the form of methodical instruments selected according to the type of defect.
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Treatment of pain with a focus on output / / and use of strong opioid analgesics / / in the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute in Brno
Hofmanová, Jindříška ; Višňovský, Peter (advisor) ; Dostálová, Vlasta (referee)
Treatment of pain with a view to usage of potent opioid analgetics in Masaryk memorial cancer institute in Brno. The content of this work is evaluation of treatment of pain with a view to usage of potent opioid analgetics in Masaryk memorial cancer institute in Brno. Theoretical section is devoted to treatment of pain. Pain influences the quality of life in a fundamental way and that is why we necessarily must pay attention to pain and we must efficiently calm pain. In the theoretical section there are mentioned definition of pain, anatomical and physiological aspects of pain, aspects of diagnostics and evaluation of pain and epidemiology of pain. The literature search is mostly aimed to treatment of pain - especially to pharmacotherapy, but also other possibilities of interference of pain are mentioned - for example analgetic radiotherapy, invasive procedures, aplication of radioisotopes or psychotherapy. Pain is phenomenon, which has its somatic, psychologic and social component and therefore treatment of pain is multidisciplinary mission, which requires complex solution. Treatment of pain has to be always suited to individual patient. Aim of pain treatment is not only reduction or elimination of pain, but mainly increasing of patient's quality of life and patient's return to full-value life. In...
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The Possibilities of Pedagogues Work with Younger School Age Pupils with Specific Evolutionary Dysfunctions Aimed to Dysgraphia
KOPRNOVÁ, Petra
The work is engaged in specific evolutionary dysfunctions of learning in younger school age. Mostly, it is about theoretic compilation of this problematic. The problematic starts with definitions of basic terms then classification and characteristic of younger school age and ends with specific learning dysfunctions of younger school age pupils. It is about specification of causes and appearance of specific learning dysfunctions. The work engages in elementary writing disorders {--} dysgraphia, its diagnostic, specific signs and possibilities of remedy. At the end of the work, there is a practical usage of knowledge, which is applicated to particular example. It is possible to use it either for individuals or a group in a youth class.
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Usage and Application of Fairy Tale Test in Czech Republic (for the boys from capital city 6-12 years old)
Daňová Jurčová, Ivana ; Šírová, Eva (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
in English Usage and Application of Fairy Tale Test in Czech Republic (for the boys from capital city 6-12 years old) This graduate work deals with the Fairy Tale Test and its application in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part presents characteristics of children in preschool, early school and middle school age. This section is concerned with importance of the fairy tales for children and emphasis is especially laid on fairy tales that uses the Fairy Tale Test. It presents the problems with children's diagnosis and introduces the Fairy Tale Test. The empirical part deals with the practical use of the Fairy Tale Test in the Czech Republic. Test was used in 60 boys aged 6-12 years from the capital city. The obtained data of children 6-7 years old was compared with data of another region. The data of 8-12 years old was compared with the CPQ and Questionnaire style education using correlation analysis. The data show that the Fairy Tale test is a good diagnostic tool with broad application also in the Czech Republic. Hopefully it will be soon standardized for the Czech Republic. KEY WORDS: preschool age, school age, fairy tales, interpretation of fairy tales, psychodiagnostics, the Fairy Tale Test.
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Ultrasound in material diagnostics
Kristek, Michal ; Frk, Martin (referee) ; Kazelle, Jiří (advisor)
Objectives of the semestral project are to study the physical basis of ultra acoustic and comprehend the basics of ultrasound usage in diagnostic of materials. I should also become familiar with functions and usage of ultrasound device EPOCH LT made by OLYMPUS and perform measurement of thickness and speed of ultrasound spreading in selected materials.
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