|
Community Aproach to the People with Mental Health Problems As Alternative to the Institucional Care
Strnadová, Dagmar ; Klimešová, Anna (advisor) ; Sivek, Vojtěch (referee)
In the history the care of people with a mental health problems was going through a lot of changes. Most of the people were accepted as a part of a society. The family and a local community had been taken care of them. Only a small part of people with a mental health problems had been banished or kept in prison. With the beginning of a modern period the people with a mental illness have devoted and segregated in a large extent. The psychiatri and care for disordered people occured rapid developement in 20th century. In the 50's the psychiatric institution had been closing down in a many advanced countries. Institutional care was replaced with a out-patient and comunity care services. The main target of a community care is to help to the people with a mental illness so they can live in a naturally neighbourhood. The Great Britain has ranked among countries with a along tradition of community care. The broad range of services in the domain of living, employment and a leisure time arised here. The attitude to disordered people was also changed. In the Czech republic the community work set up to apply in 90's. Since the time the big progress was reached. Nevertheless the institutional care is still being preferred. The community care concur at traditional community values and it is established on esteem to...
|
|
Nursing care for woman at minor gynecological surgeries
KÁPLOVÁ, Veronika
Minor gynecological surgeries are defined as surgeries after which the patients are dismissed from hospital to home care within 12 to 24 hours. The purpose of pre-surgery care provided by a midwife is to ensure thorough somatic and mental preparation of the patient for the surgery. The patient is required to sign all necessary consents with the surgery, she shall be informed about the course of pre-surgery care, the surgery itself, post-surgery recovery and naturally also about all risks involved. The result of a consistent instruction provided by a midwife shall be a patient who is calm and mentally prepared for the surgery (Henková, 2010; Repková, 2006). The bachelor thesis includes a theoretical part and a practical part with research. The theoretical part focuses on minor gynecological surgeries and nursing care before and after the surgery. The objective of the bachelor thesis was to survey the level of awareness among women about minor gynecological surgeries. Two research questions were formulated to meet the objective: what the level of awareness about minor gynecological surgeries is among women and which method of information provision would be appreciated by women. The research part of the bachelor thesis employed the method of qualitative survey. The data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews. The surveyed set of respondents consisted of 8 women. The interviews were conducted from the beginning of February to the end of March 2014. The survey was expected to provide information about whether the women had been sufficiently informed about minor gynecological surgeries. For the category of pre-surgery period we investigated the following: What is the experience of women with previous nursing care? To what extent were the women informed by their local gynecologists and were they sufficiently informed in the hospital before the surgery? The results have shown that most of the respondents did not have any previous experience with nursing care. Two respondents said that they had previously undergone a minor surgery and that they were content with the nursing care. Results of the survey have shown some gaps in the form and quantity of information provided in medical offices of the local gynecologists. One half of the respondents were not content with the information provided in the medical offices. The information provided in the hospital before the surgery was assessed positively by five respondents out of eight and they appreciated particularly the personal and accommodating approach, professional conduct and empathy. For the category of post-surgery period we investigated how the respondents saw the approach of the nursing staff in the operating room. The results have shown that the respondents evaluated positively particularly the fact that the physician introduced himself/herself to the patient and provided information about the subsequent care. For the category of post-surgery care we also investigated subjective feelings of the respondents after the surgery, their awareness of the post-surgery regime at home and the form of information provision. Results of the research suggest that patients are highly perceptive, particularly when it comes to friendly gestures and words. The information about the home post-surgery regime was rated positively by one half of the respondents and negatively by the other half. On the other hand, they appreciated the personal and accommodating approach and professional conduct. Most of the respondents were content with the form of information provision. Some of them would have appreciated to have a leaflet or information brochure containing all important information. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis can be as used as a study material for future students of midwifery at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia.
|
|
Problems of renal tumours in patiens with terminal stadium of renal failure
Ürge, Tomáš ; Hora, Milan (advisor) ; Novák, Jaroslav (referee) ; Zachoval, Roman (referee) ; Morávek, Petr (referee)
Objective: Risk of renal carcinoma is minimal 10 x higher in group of patients in terminal stadium of renal failure (end stage kidney disease - ESKD). We have only some information about chromosomal changes in renal tubules, from which rise renal carcinoma, and about pathogenesis of renal carcinoma, which seems to be different from carcinoma in common population. Aim of the study: In clinical part we valorize characteristic signs of renal carcinoma in ESKD by using of statistic methods. In experimental part we can explain pathogenesis of this carcinoma by analysis of selective chromosomal aberations. Material, methods: In 2000 - 2007 were 184 patients with ESKD in care of transplant centre and nephrologic ambulation of Faculty hospital Plze_. In 15 patients we diagnose renal carcinoma. In this group we valorize: age, gender, causation of renal failure and dialysis duration. Age, gender and type of renal carcinoma we confront with carcinoma in common population. In experimental part we valorize numerical aberations in chromosome 7, 17 and Y of tubular epithelium using fluorescent hybridization in situ (FISH). Results: We have 15 patients in average age 55.7 ± 11.5 years, long of during dialyzation was 78 ± 54 months. We do not find dependence between causation of renal failure and genesis of renal...
|
|
The Role of a Nurse in Care of a Patient with Mononucleosis
LAŽANSKÁ, Soňa
Theoretical background Infectious mononucleosis belongs to relatively widespread viral infectious diseases in the Czech Republic. Epstein-Baar virus (EBV) participates in occurrence of the infection by 80 %, infectious mononucleosis may more rarely be caused by cytomegalovirus. Each individual factually suffers from infection caused by EBV during his/her life, however its course is unapparent in most cases. An affected individual or an individual not affected, who is a virus carrier may be considered the source of the infection. Infectious mononucleosis usually affects children and teenagers, in older individuals the infection is quite rare. The disease might start rapidly or gradually with prodromes like headache, sore throat, nausea, fatigue and perspiration. Infectious mononucleosis is often confused with other diseases like e.g. tonsillitis, or more serious progress of flue, particularly for the symptoms accompanying the disease. Fever, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are the most frequent symptoms. The disease may also cause numerous unpleasant complications, particularly hematologic, neurologic, cardio-pulmonary and autoimmunity complications. A nurse plays a very substantial role in client care. It is very important for a nurse to have sufficient knowledge and to know the right procedure of all interventions he/she meets within diagnostics and treatment of infectious mononucleosis. These are particularly biological material collection, per os administration or intravenous administration of medicines. A nurse should also be familiar with the Priessnitz compress application technique. In non-self-sufficient clients a nurse is also responsible for client's hygiene. A nurse has an important role in client education providing information on dietetic measures. A nurse has to lead a client to adherence to the prescribed diet and body calm. Everything depends on client's current condition. A client should also avoid mental strain during convalescence. We should note that not all forms of infectious mononucleosis require hospitalization. The aim of the thesis The aim of the thesis was to find out the role of nurses in the care of patients with infectious mononucleosis and also to find how satisfied patients with the nursing care and education are after going through mononucleosis. This was why the following research questions were chosen: What is the role of a nurse in care of a patient with mononucleosis? How satisfied are patients with the nursing care after going through mononucleosis? How satisfied are patients with education in diet regime adherence after going through mononucleosis? Applied Methods Qualitative research was chosen for finding out the required information. The information was gained by means of deep interviews with nurses working at the infectious department of České Budějovice Hospital and with clients after going through infectious mononucleosis. All the interviews were recorded on a voice recorder and then transcribed. The transcribed interviews were subject to detailed analysis by the paper and pencil method with open coding. Results Six categories were set upon analysis of the interviews with nurses: Awareness of the infectious mononucleosis disease among nurses, Nursing care of a client with infectious mononucleosis, Regime measures, Information on dietetic measures, Recommendations after infectious mononucleosis and Education of a client with infectious mononucleosis. Five categories were set upon detailed analysis of the interviews with the clients: Recommended treatment, Nursing care, Recommended measures, Methods of information communication and Information sources for clients. Subcategories, in which the key data are coded, are assigned to the individual categories.
|
|
Rehabilitation treatment at the spinal unit. Theoretical basis and practical experience
Punčochářová, Lenka ; Smolíková, Libuše (advisor) ; Špaňhelová, Šárka (referee)
After spinal cord injury occur a lot of complication, with resulting from neurological picture. These can be central, peripheral or mix paresis in some cases even plegie. Often an autonomic nervous system can be demaged, causing complication practice in nearly all body systems. Rehabilitation attend belongs to basic care of paretic patients and is closely connected with basic with basic nursing methods from which the physiotherapy of these patients arise. This survey gives a summary of procedures and methods of physiotherapy , which help the patient to prevent and better respond to the complication treatment e.g. on respiratory and movement apparatus. Complex physiotherapeutic treatment concentrates mainly on prevention of complications. The physiotherapist must anticipate formation of complications and adapt the comlexity of the treatment. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
| |
|
Psychic and physical factors in a nurse profession at home care
IMRAMOVSKÁ, Simona
Homecare is given to people in their natural social environment. It is aimed mainly toward sustaining and supporting health, restoring health and improving possibility of self-care, giving palliative care to incurably ill patients and enabling peaceful dying and death. For the nurses to be able to give quality nursing care they need to be in psychic and physical balance. It is important for the nurses to be aware of the consequences of such imbalance and also of the way it influences the quality of their work especially when handling difficult situations (Misconiová; 1995; Paragraph nr. 96/2004 Col.; Komačeková, 2009). First aim was to map psychic and physical factors influencing the work of a homecare nurse. Second aim was to find differences in psychic and physical factors in the profession of nurses working in homecare and in hospital. This study is based on qualitative research using questioning through in-depth interview. Research was conducted in the beginning of February 2014. Methods of direct transcription and open coding were used for data analysis. Two questionnaires were added to the original research examining Psychic stress and Physical activity according to Baecke, evaluating the amount of psychic and physical stress at work respectively. The research group consisted of 6 nurses aged between 33-55 working for homecare agencies in the south bohemian region. Written agreements were obtained from the nurses prior to them being interviewed or be given the questionnaires. Five categories were identified from the analysed interviews: psychic stress, physical stress, handling of stress, consequences of stress and the differences found regarding psychic and physical factors observed in homecare versus hospital environments. Results obtained from the questionnaire estimating Psychic stress show average value at 3.5 which can be regarded as borderline between decreased and increased risk. The analysis of Physical stress questionnaire gave the average of 3.1 corresponding to medium load. Regarding the first aim of this work the results of the questionnaires and interview are showing greater psychic stress felt by the nurses in homecare environment as compared to physical load. The second aim comparing homecare and hospital environments shows less psychic than physical stress in homecare than in hospital environments. Practical output of this bachelor thesis will be a written recommendation for nurses working in homecare aimed toward improvement of their psychic and physical health in connection to their working experience.
|
|
Children attachment to adult care providers in children homes - analysis of conditions and possibilities
Esterková, Manuela ; Matoušek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Pazlarová, Hana (referee)
The thesis tries to find the answer to the basic question: "What are the possible ways to strengthen attachment between children at the age from 9 to 18 months and their caregivers at the facilities of institutional care, nurses in particular?" The work also aspires to map the external conditions influencing formation of the attachment. In order to explain the topic, some theoretical findings of developmental psychology, attachment theory and information about the system of institutional care in the Czech Republic have been presented here. The answers concerning the strongest factors of attachment behavior and different attachment of one child to various caregivers and vice versa were being sought with the help of the method of an involved observation of the interaction child-caregiver during specific activities of feeding and bathing. Pieces of information about external influences of the attachment behavior and the possibilities to nurture it were being gathered by the method of semi-structural interview with the caregivers and the directors of the visited institutions. The activities of feeding and bathing, which were being observed, have been split into individual elements of attachment behavior (on the side of a child: visual attention, vocal reactions, smile and stretching arms towards the caregiver;...
|
|
Psychological care design concept for cardiocenter
Voldřichová, Ilona ; Kořán, Martin (referee) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee)
in English My thesis is focused on integration of diagnostic and terapeutic methods of clinical psychology into the concept of contemporary cardiology. Modern medicine consider not only somatic aspects of patient's ilness, but also the aspects of personalitie's diferencies and needs. Psychologist applies the knowledge of psychological theories and psychophysiological mechanisms into the field of clinical diagnostic and treatment thinking about the individual patient. (A) Psychologic treatment of in-patients involves: (1) Crisis intervention (KI), i.e. treatment of the patients with urgent psychological difficulties. Cisis intervention presents the most indicated type of intervention in in-patiet's psychological treatment. (2) Pre-operative psychological care before recent cardiothoracic surgical intervention reduces patient's distress in pre-operational and post-operational period. (3) Individual approach to problematic personalities can significantly improve cooperation with medical staff. (B) Specific psychological problems of cardiac out-patients involves: (1) Depressive disorder developes after the frustating exposure of medical problems. (2) Cardiologists are the most visited professionals by the patients suffering from panic anxiety disorder. The reason is, that the panic anxiety symptoms...
|
| |
guest ::
