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Puppies and young dogs nutritions
Šabatová, Kateřina ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Plachý, Vladimír (referee)
Puppies and young dogs nutritions Summary In this work I have attempted to summarize the most important aspects in nutrition of puppies and dogs in growth. The introduction describes the digestive tract and also the changes that have occurred due to domestication. Next is explained the importance of nutrition and water in nutritional requirements of a dog. Important are needs of nutrients and energy that are necessary to maintain the provision of the necessary vital functions. The basic components of food are proteins, saccharides, lipids, minerals and vitamins. I explain the necessary proportions, the amounts and the possible consequences of their lack in food. I focus on essential fatty acids, which in recent years are subject to frequent explorations and their pros and cons are not yet fully understood. I also mention ballast and significant specific active substances. Nutrition of pregnant and lactating females is often neglected, but for puppies it is a very crucial period. The influence of nutrition of pregnant females to the size and weight of newborn puppies has been proved. Further I deal with nutrition of puppies immediately after birth, I explain the composition of colostrum and its effect on the immunity system of the puppy. I also compare ratios of nutrients in the colostrum and milk. Further, I deal with the feeding of the individual at the time of weaning and in different growth periods. There are many possibilities of feeding puppies from after weaning until adulthood described in books. With the new knowledge about nutrition the ways of feeding our dogs have inevitably changed , but also the dogs' nutritional requirements have changed due to the conditions where and how they live and what their nutrient needs are according to their sport, breeding or other use. Currently, there is a possibility of a commercially produced complete nutritional diet or home-prepared fresh food - cooked or raw- barf. In the last chapter, I summarized possible aspects of malnutrition and its potential consequences. I described the most common problems associated with inadequate nutrition of growing dogs such as obesity as well as malnutrition, which also adversely affects the individual. The influence of proper nutrition of the puppy on its growth is clear. If we neglect the nutrition of the dog in the first two years of its life, the consequences are often irreversible.
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Population genetic analysis of Old Kladruber horse
Vostrá Vydrová, Hana ; Majzlík, Ivan (advisor) ; Karel, Karel (referee)
The Old Kladruber horse, along with the Lipizzaner horse, Andalusian horse and Lusitano horse, is of the original Italo-Spanish type. The Old Kladruber horse is kept in two colour varieties (grey and black). Because the population is closed, there is a concern about the loss of genetic variation. The genetic diversity and population structure were analysed in the Old Kladruber horse breed based on the pedigree information of animals that were registered in the Studbook to identify factors that may have affected the genetic variability of the breed. Pedigree records collected from 1729 to 2013 contained information on 7971 animals that were used in the analyses. The pedigree depth was up to 33 generations, with an average of 15.1 complete generations. The effective number of founders and ancestors contributing to the current genetic pool was 92.69 and 17.16, respectively. The average values of the inbreeding coefficient were as follows: 13% (with a maximum value of 29%) for the reference population (individuals that can currently take part in reproduction, n=612), 11% for the grey variety (with a maximum value of 25%) and 15% for the black variety (with a maximum value of 29%). The proportion of inbred animals was high (99%). The average rate of inbreeding in the reference population was 1%: 0.8% for the grey variety and 1.1% for the black variety, and the respective estimates of the effective population sizes were 52 for the reference population, 62 for the grey variety and 45 for the black variety. The estimated percentage of genetic diversity lost due to non-random mating within subpopulations and the reference population was 1.0, 1.0 and 1.2%, respectively. The total loss of genetic diversity in the reference population, in the grey variety and in the black variety was 11%, 13% and 17%, respectively.
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Test Application Methodology Based On the Identification of Testable blocks
Herrman, Tomáš ; Plíva, Zdeněk (referee) ; Racek, Stanislav (referee) ; Kotásek, Zdeněk (advisor)
The PhD thesis deals with the analysis of digital systems described on RT level. The methodology of data paths analysis is decribed, the data path controller analysis is not solved in the thesis. The methodology is built on the concept of Testable Block (TB) which allows to divide digital component to such segments which can be tested through their inputs/outputs, border registers and primary inputs/outputs are used for this purpose. As a result, lower number of registers is needed to be included into scan chain - border registers are the only ones which are scanned. The segmentation allows also to reduce the volume of test vectors, tests are generated for segments, not for the complete component. To identify TBs, two evolutionary algorithms are used, they operate on TB formal model which is also defined in the thesis.
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Measuring phonological awareness – blend phoneme test in the beginning of schooling: an comparison of classical test theory and item response theory
Gorčíková, M. ; Šafr, Jiří
The main purpose of this paper is to show dis/advantages of two approaches classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT) to assess the level of diagnostic tools for evaluating phonemic awareness among first-grade students using longitudinal survey of children during the first grade of primary school (25 schools in Prague and Central Bohemia, 439 pupils). Phonemic awareness (FA) was measured by the task blend phonemes into syllables and words. The advantage of IRT compared to CTT is primarily a concept of independence of the test items. The probability of a response is dependent on the level of latent ability and characteristics of items. So if we know the characteristic of items parameter (difficulty) it could be estimated from the pupil´s responses the level of language skill for diagnostics. The results showed the need for blend phoneme test modifications (in particular for the end of the first grade) so as to adequately measure the high growth of FA ability levels during the first grade.
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General Data Protection Regulation and its Impact on Grey Literature
Koščík, Michal
In April 2016, the European commission adopted a new General Data Protection Regulation. This regulation is based on fundamental principles of the existing legislation and elaborates it further into the set of rather detailed legal instructions. The suggested paper aims to summarize the parts of the new regulation that are most relevant for operators of gray literature repositories, who will have to adapt within the next two years. The paper will focus on the issues of consent to the processing of personal data, the legal regime of processing personal data without the consent of the data subjects, the data subject’s right to information as well as the legal regime of acquisition of personal data by third parties and exercise of the newly formulated right to be forgotten.
Fulltext: idr-1039_1 -  PDF
Slides: idr-1039_2 - PDF; idr-1039_3 - PDF
Video: idr-1039_4 -  MP4
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Business Plan of a Small Enterprise Providing Services
BOČANOVÁ, Eliška
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to develop a business plan for the establishment and the development of small enterprise providing services in the fashion industry. The thesis is divided into two parts the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part involves the basic terminology about business. It defines structure, contents and the principles of building development a business plan too. The practical part is completely prepared business plan for enterprise start-up. It is focused on the market analysis dealing with internal and external environment of the company, such as Porter five forces analysis and analysis of strenghts and weaknesses. Then a financial plan with initial costs, anticipated revenues and from the default operating result follows. The practical part includes opening balance sheet of corporate assets and liabilities. This business plan can eventually serve as a basic for real setting up a business.
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Effective study of musical piece
Růžičková, Michaela ; HAJÓSSYOVÁ, Magdaléna (advisor) ; BÁRTA, Martin (referee)
This bachelor´s thesis is targeted on finding the most effective way of working on a musical piece. It aims especially on the work of an opera singer, however, the author is operating with knowledge acquired by studying also two other classical specializations - piano and conducting. By combining of these three musical departments, this thesis tries to find the fastest and concurrently the most precise way of how to prepare a musical piece in the best possible quality. This thesis also deals with the issue of public performace, the question of stage fright and how to deal with it.
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Nové postupy biomonitoringu cizorodých látek ve vodním prostředí
ČERVENÝ, Daniel
Within the presented work, several approaches of biomonitoring were studied. A well-established method for human health risk assessment was applied to evaluate the quality of fish from open waters in the Czech Republic. As this work is targeted on sport fishermen, who frequently consume their own catches, besides the publication in scientific journal, a brochure with results of this study was distributed via the Czech Fishing Union. Health risks for consumers related to the consumption of wild fish were found strongly species and locality dependent. As there is no risks related with the consumption of carp (Cyprinus carpio) at all investigated sites, frequent consumption of predatory fish should be avoided at some fishing grounds. The use of passive samplers has become more and more attractive in the last two decades. As these devices are able to mimic the biological uptake of chemicals, their potential for replacing fish as bioindicators in routine biomonitoring programmes is evident. In our study, the comparison between analysis of fish tissues and POCIS extracts from selected sampling sites confirms this idea about interchangeability of these indicators in the case of PFASs as target pollutants. Moreover, no metabolic transformation of contaminants present in water take place in passive samplers contrary to living organisms, thus these reflect the actual contamination at the locality more precisely. The use of passive samplers completely fulfils the internationally accepted principles of Replacement, Reduction, Refinement (the three R´s). Another promising approach using YOY fish as bioindicators was evaluated within the present study. Multispecies samples of YOY fish homogenate was found as a better indicator for wide range of pollutants than muscle tissue of adult fish within one species from the same locality. As all inner organs and tissues are presented in analysed samples, more target pollutants in higher concentrations are detected compared to the muscle of adults. Besides the higher sensitivity in pollutants detection and quantification, practical and economic benefits are of concern in the case of the YOY fish approach. The YOY fish approach also particularly fulfil the three R´s strategy, as sampling of this age group of fish has a smaller impact on the environment than the sampling of adults. In case of mercury, that was found as a limiting contaminant for the consumption of fish from open waters in the Czech Republic, a nonlethal method of finclips sampling can be used for the monitoring of this compound in aquatic environments. Besides the monitoring, our optimised method for the estimation of muscle tissue concentrations could be used for human health risk assessment as well. The difference between real muscle concentrations and concentrations estimated using our method differs less than 10% in most of the investigated localities. Benthic organisms are an important part of the food web in aquatic environments, but insufficient information about its contamination is available. In another study included in this thesis, first evidence about bioaccumulation of certain pharmaceuticals in benthic organisms was described. Although, pharmaceuticals are generally considered to be not accumulative in organisms, our study proved that certain pharmaceuticals have bioaccumulation potential. From this finding, it is evident that not only the concentrations of pharmaceutical dissolved in water but also the diet represents an important exposure pathway of contamination by these compounds for organisms (fish) inhabiting aquatic environments.
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Effect of water deficit on the energy content of individual plant organs in selected species of leafy vegetables
Šimůnková, Petra ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Česká, Jana (referee)
This work presents the impact of water deficit on dry mass production and photosynthetic accumulation of energy on every single plant´s organs of selected plant species. As a chosen experimental material were taken plants of Spinacea oleracea "Matador" sort and Tetragonia tetragonioides.
Spinacea oleracea and Tetragonia tetragonioides plants were grown in containers 11x11cm large in mixture of garden substrate A with silicon sand (2:1) in 2 variations placed in FAPPZ greenhouses. One variation was for control and second was exposed to stress reaction. Control variation had been watered for whole time of experiment with 50ml of water 2 times per week. Stressed one had been watered after puncturing and 6. taking until the end of experiment.
During the plant´s ontogenetic evolution had been monitored dry mass´s weight on singular plant´s organs. With usage of burnt calorimetry method had been monitored capacity of photosynteticaly accumulated energy in dry mass. Quantity of netto energy had been found out by dry burning adiabatic calorimeter LAGEST MS 10A.
From the gained results emerge, that plants of Tetragonia tetragonioides have 2 times higher weight growth apart from Spinacea oleracea. Control plants of Tetragonia tetragonioides have higher weight by 25,5% (123 mg) compared to the plants growing in water deficit. Likewise higher weight of roots had been observed on control plants (41 mg) compared to the stressed plants (40 g). Control spinach plants had higher weight of above-ground biomass by 19,5% compared to the stressed ones (43 mg). Roots of control plants had lower weight compared to stressed variant by 2960 mg.
From the results emerge, that plants of Tetragonia tetragonioides have higher weight of roots dry mass and above-ground biomass compared to the Spinacea oleracea plants.
Burning heat without ashes was on above-ground biomass of control plants Tetragonia tetragonioide on 15,96 kJ.g-1 level and on stressed plants 14,93 kJ.g-1 . In case of Spinacea oleracea plants was amount of control plants energy 14,98 kJ.g-1 and on stressed 14,21 kJ.g-1.
Burnt heat without root ashes of Tetragonia tetragonioides control plants was higher by 1.11 kJ.g-1 then on stressed ones (13,19 kJ.g-1). In case of Spinacea oleracea plants was amount of roots energy on control plants 11,90 kJ.g-1 and on stressed 11,72 kJ.g-1 .
Based on measurement were verified differences between species in reaction on water deficit and observed characteristic. From measuring emerged, that Spinacea oleracea plants are more sensitive on effect of water deficit compared to the Tetragonia tetragonioides
plants, which is more tolerant. Next thing observed is, that there are differences in amount of dry mass and rate of burnt heat in relation on effect of water deficit.
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Analysis of biological features of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Med.
Schneebergerová, Tereza ; Hamouz, Pavel (advisor) ; Holec, Josef (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to determinate selected biological characteristics of shepherd´s-purse, which have impact on the establishment and expansion of its populations in field crops. In particular, development of primary dormancy was studied and the effect of factors that influence the dormancy and germination of seeds was determined.
Shepard´s purse is an annual or biennial herb of the cabbage family, which is classified as winter annual weeds. Primarily infest the winter and spring crops, rapeseeds, potatoes or forages. It appears from lowland to foothills, so biological features of individual population can be very different. The ways of control are shallow tillage or herbicidal treatment.
After harvesting of ripe seed the first experiment was set to define the primary dormancy. Remaining seeds were stored in two different types of environment. Part of seeds was stored in the dry at 20 °C. Others seeds were stratified at 5 °C. Effect of storage conditions on primary dormancy was tested every two weeks. Seeds were germinated for
1 week in grow chamber under the influence of various factors such as different light mode, type of water and type of media for germination.
The results were processed by multiple-factor analysis of variance. Fresh seeds showed a strong primary dormancy at constant temperatures of 10 °C and 20 °C. Treatment with fluctuating temperature (20/10 °C), filter paper, drinking water and stored in dark had the highest germination rate (10.75 %). Seeds stratified at 5 °C had increase in germination in first weeks, but lost it during storage. On the other hand, seeds stored in dry at 20 °C firstly were in dormancy, but they lost it gradually during storage.
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