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Coping with stress in women with alcohol abuse
Kotábová, Lenka ; Goldmann, Petr (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
Main theme of this work is generation of coping strategies by the women with alcohol dependence. Author is highlighting mounting society tolerance to stress and to alcohol abuse and she also shows this two phenomenon in mutual context. By the women side of population author particular describe dependence and border of society norm. Main goal is to bring to light and explore maladaptive strategies, by women with alcohol dependence, which are varied from ordinary population and the reason of such a behavior. To solve this issue author chose two methods. Firstly she uses data from TAT projective test, secondly verbal self examination test SVF. Inquire group of women author compare with control group of women, who embody no alcohol problem. Better success is expected from control group, because normal population should have better coping strategies. From result of research ensue, that women with alcohol dependence embody worse coping strategies indeed. But this difference is not such as strong as was expected. In declarative test SVF alcohol dependent women overestimate their strategies in comparison to TAT. On the base of this fact author offers hypothesis, that it can be only proclamation in presentation of coping strategies. Women from control group anticipate their strategies more accurately.
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Nursing care about women with multiple pregnancy
LINHARTOVÁ, Petra
ABSTRAKT Nowadays the occurrence of multiple pregnancy is connected with methods of artificial insemination that bring along many other complications. A multiple pregnancy requires greater attention, care of the obstetrician and the midwife. Because the attendance care for these woment keeps developing at the same time with new findings, it is necessary to provide a quality care, of which is mostly in charge an experienced midwife. Multiple pregnancy is a state when there is more than one fetus developed in the womb. Mostly we are speaking of twins (gemini), triplets (trigemini) and quadruplets (quadrigemini). A multiple pregnancy is a greater burden to the organism of the woman during the whole period of pregnancy. Speaking of multiple pregnancy we should count with occurrence of various complications, e.g. premature labour, placental insufficiency, or occurrence of toxaemia of pregnancy. Therefore an early and regular prenatal care is so important for women with multiple pregnancy. To find out whether the nursing care for woman with a multiple preganancy is carried out according to given nursing standards, we chose a quantitative survey and used the questionnaire form. There were 27 open questions, semi open and closed questions. Midwives could cross or fill in their answers. The questionnaires were distributed in Hospital České Budějovice a.s., Hospital Nymburk s.r.o. and in Hospital Český Krumlov s.r.o. and they showed that the nursing care, e.g. blood pressure measurement, pulse measurement, weighing pregnant women, fetal auscultation is fulfilled from 100%. It was further found out that the nursing standards are carried out from 83% and that the ultrasound examination of fetuses is carried out in 100% according to the recommendations of the Czech Gynecological and Obstetrical Society. 43% of midwives do not consider the care for women with multiple pregnancy more complicated than other hazardous pregnancies and 57% of midwives claim that the care for women with multiple pregnancy is not more complicated at all. The survey has shown that the nursing care for women with multiple pregnancy corresponds to nursing standards, which confirms the working hypothesis at the same time the goal of the paper concentrated on carrying out of nursing care according to nursing standards was fulfilled.
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Enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin
Zelenka, Jaroslav ; Vítek, Libor (advisor) ; Entlicher, Gustav (referee) ; Červinková, Zuzana (referee)
Bilirubin is a main physiological product of heme degradation possessing important antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. On the other hand, it could be neurotoxic during severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia combined with insufficiency of blood-brain barrier (neonatal jaundice). It is secreted from the body via bile and is further metabolized in the intestine. Part of the substance is reduced to urobilinoids, part is adsorbed to the intestinal content and some part could be reabsorbed back to the systemic circulation. This enterohepatically and enterosystemically circulating fraction varies in size depending on the rate of bilirubin secretion, solubility in the intestine and intensity of its intestinal metabolism. Under specific circumstances, EHC and ESC may significantly increase serum and bile bilirubin levels and influence physiological as well as pathological processes occuring in the body. Among the most important is the protective elevation of UCB levels in Gilbert syndrome subjects and dangerous increase in severity of neonatal jaundice. In the presented thesis, the mechanisms affecting EHC and ESC of bilirubin and tools for further research in BP metabolism were investigated. The solubility of intestinal UCB is strongly decreased by addition of divalent cations. However, such approach to...
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Educational policy towards Roma: an application of a theoretical approach social constructions of target populations on a problem of educating Roma pupils in the Czech schools
Jeráčková, Aneta ; Novotný, Vilém (advisor) ; Muhič Dizdarevič, Selma (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with educational policy towards Roma pupils in the Czech Republic. This problem is explored on the basis of theoretical approach called social constructions of target populations. Educational policy towards Roma pupils has a provable negative character, because it segregates many Roma pupils from the educational mainstream and thus it prevents them from achieving an adequate level of education. On the opposite side of this "double-track" education system there is a concept of inclusive education, which is considered on the EU level as more effective and beneficial for the whole society. However, there is a polemic in the Czech society, both professional and non-professional, with respect to reforming the education system into more open and inclusive form. Despite of the fact that the concept of inclusive education has been formally accepted as a guideline of the Czech education system, it hasn't brought any real change so far, neither of the system itself, nor of the situation of Roma pupils in it. With an application of theoretical knowledge of the social constructions of target populations approach, this diploma thesis tries to understand a present image of the educational policy towards Roma pupils, in order to answer a question: why it has prevailing negative character...
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The civil elites at the local level
Koutná, Gabriela ; Müller, Karel (advisor) ; Fleissner, Kamil (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is the identification and understanding of the mechanisms of recruiting local political elites and their role in the process of democratization of local politics, and in the process of strengthening local civil society on concrete example selected municipality. The case study concerns with the municipality Semily, which was chosen to work as a community with exemplary transparent and open manner of governance. In 2006 there was a significant change in political representation when recruiting new political elites was a top down process led by a particular person according to predetermined priorities.
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Community Aproach to the People with Mental Health Problems As Alternative to the Institucional Care
Strnadová, Dagmar ; Klimešová, Anna (advisor) ; Sivek, Vojtěch (referee)
In the history the care of people with a mental health problems was going through a lot of changes. Most of the people were accepted as a part of a society. The family and a local community had been taken care of them. Only a small part of people with a mental health problems had been banished or kept in prison. With the beginning of a modern period the people with a mental illness have devoted and segregated in a large extent. The psychiatri and care for disordered people occured rapid developement in 20th century. In the 50's the psychiatric institution had been closing down in a many advanced countries. Institutional care was replaced with a out-patient and comunity care services. The main target of a community care is to help to the people with a mental illness so they can live in a naturally neighbourhood. The Great Britain has ranked among countries with a along tradition of community care. The broad range of services in the domain of living, employment and a leisure time arised here. The attitude to disordered people was also changed. In the Czech republic the community work set up to apply in 90's. Since the time the big progress was reached. Nevertheless the institutional care is still being preferred. The community care concur at traditional community values and it is established on esteem to...
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Výběr a implementace open source nástroje pro řízení portfolia projektů
Marek, Jan ; Chlapek, Dušan (advisor) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
Methods and ways of implementation of changes and innovations in companies through project management are in today's society very well established. There exists methodologies, techniques and tools for the management of individual projects. However in a role of project manager, I very often faced the fact that companies are performing the project portfolio management in very intuitive way. This in itself leads to failed and prematurely terminated projects, initiation of the wrong projects or realisation of correct projects, but at the wrong time. Very often I have also recognized, that there is lack of awareness of fact, that there are also Open Source applications that can help with the organization's portfolio. This thesis deals with the definition of requirements, search and selection of proper OSS application and subsequent implementation. In the first part of this thesis I prepare a theoretical framework about PPM, and on that basis then identify and verify a set of requirements for selection of right OSS PPM application. The next section of thesis describes searching for suitable applications from a variety of sources, assessment against the requirements and the final selection. In the last part the implementation project is drafted, which aims to serve other colleagues in project management as one of the possible implementation paths. The outputs are then continuously confronted with experts in matter of projects and project management in the field of IT in order to maximize symbiosis between theory and real life experiences. Virtually every project management methodology defines the collection of already-proven techniques, best practices or lessons learned from the previous similar implementations. The main contribution of this thesis I see in fact that it contains not only the design of the project implementation, but also describes a logical path, what leads to the result. Therefore this thesis could be used as a base or discussed best practice, when a project of implementation of PPM application in place.
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ARTĚL - The Idea, Activities and Noteworthy Figures in the Association
Skopalová, Markéta ; Rakušanová, Marie (advisor) ; Novotná, Eva (referee)
Synopsis The thesis opens up by reviewing the situation in arts and crafts in the wake of the 20th century. Imperfectly managed transition to mass production caused lower quality. As a result, movements for raising quality arose in Europe. These arts and crafts societies are introduced. The British Arts and Crafts Movement, the Werkstätte in Dresden, the German Werkbund, and the Wiener Werkstätte influenced the Czech scene the most. They became models for the first Czech society of this kind, the Prague Artěl. The history of Artěl is discussed, in particular its creation, development, participation in exhibitions, and links to other organisations. In its final part, the thesis introduces Artěl's most important members and their works. Artel, Prague art group, Arts and crafts, Applied art, 1st half of 20th century
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Effect of Selected Substances on the Respiratory System of Rat in Vivo and in Vitro
Kottová, Martina ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee) ; Nosálová, Gabriela (referee)
BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which a number of cells and cellular elements play a role. It is a lifetime disease which is not completely curable. Many factors contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma, oxidative stress being an important one. In healthy humans, the toxicity of free radicals is inhibited by enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems. In asthmatics, the function of these endogenous systems is impaired. Despite treatment, asthma morbidity and mortality steadily increases. The search for new drugs can be based on the knowledge of the pathological changes associated with the disease, and can also be inspired by folk medicine. As regards the latter approach, new, more potent substances could be obtained by isolation and chemical modification of natural products. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to elucidate the effects of selected substances on the respiratory system of rats by in vivo and in vitro methods. We investigated the effects of orally administered α-tocopherol on the lung response in an in vivo rat model of allergic asthma. The second part of this thesis deals with natural quinazoline alkaloids (Justicia adhatoda standardized extract, vasicine, vasicinone) and their synthetic analogues, and their relaxant effects on an isolated rat trachea. The...
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The influence of negative parenting on preschool children.
PEKÁRKOVÁ, Jitka
This bachelor work deals with a topic of family and its backround influences for children . In the theoretical part I have outlined the historical development of the family. By the help of the literature I have read over, I have brought in a few definitions to realize the versatility in this case. I have focused on the family in the society context and by the help of a few characteristics I have showed the differences between a healthy and an unhealthy family. Then I have marked out some problem moments in the family backround, for example the unsuitable educational parents´ postures. In the practical part I have used two investigative methods. The first is a case study. It was caused by a long-lasting observation and it shows the negative and unfit backround which is obvious in the behaviour of children in nursery schools. The second is a questionare. It was given to the parents of the pre-school children and it shows how the parents raise their children and how they solve incidental problems.
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