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Decrease in employment of women taking care of children under three years old as a result of parenthood
Bartůsková, Lucia ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee) ; Šimek, Milan (referee)
The dissertation addresses the issue of the relationship of parenthood, employment and economic inactivity of childcare holders. It focuses on the mother's motivation to work (mothers taking care of children under 3 years of age) in the context of Czech social policy measures. The aim of the thesis is establish proposals for measures that would encourage the motivation of women with children up to 3 years to return to work and simultaneously quantify the impact of these measures on the state budget. This dissertation builds up on the underlying studies (Jahoda, Šinkyříková, 2011; Kalíšková, 2012). These studies deal mainly with examining implemented reforms in the view of their support to women's employment and their effects on household incomes. The decision making of mothers about their involvement in the labour market was analyzed by indicator of Effective cost of return to work. Negative net financial effect of returning to work was found independently of the region and the extent of the examined working time of women, taking care of children up to 2 years. For mothers taking care of children from 2 to 3 years old was this negative net financial effect detected only partly. This result clearly demonstrates that mothers, taking care of children below 3 years of age, entering the labour market are confronted with very high additional costs that would not be covered by their income from employment and other received benefits. Estimated amount of potential wages, which would encourage women to return to work, reach in some cases up to four times the median wage of women in the region. Given these findings, this dissertation proposes several specific social policy measures, which would support the mother's incentives to work return. Economic effects of the proposed measures were quantified, including the cancelation of conditional entitlement to parental benefit, introduction of tax relief for working mothers and 50% relief on employer's mandatory contributions, which employ parents part-time. Implementation of these measures, which would motivate more women to return to work, would bring an estimated net income effect for the state budget amounting to 9.5 billion crowns per year.
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Harmonization maternity and career current Czech women during parental leave
Pejchalová, Martina ; Prachař, Ondřej (advisor) ; Beránková, Hana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the possibility of harmonization maternity and career during parental leave in the Czech Republic. This thesis analyzes the current system of support for families with children and draws attention to its shortcomings. The practical section gives an assessment of the questionnaire survey, which shows the timeliness issue. Consequently, the measures are designed according to the analysis of the survey the experiences of women with harmonization in practice. Among the proposals include improving the availability of preschool facilities, increasing part-time work, reducing the maximum length of parental leave and compensation roles of men and women in a social kontext.
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Women and their return to work after parental leave
MICHALCOVÁ, Miroslava
The bachelor thesis focuses on the problematics of women and their return to work after parental leave. The theoretical part highlights the importance of both family and work, employment of women from both historical and modern points of view and family policy focusing especially on maternity and parental leave. System of care services for children up to the age of six is mentioned, as well as state measurements for keeping balance between family and career. The practical part appraises the results of the survey that has been conducted. Mothers whose children had joined kindergartens in the region of Strakonice were asked in it at the end of February and beginning of March 2013. They were asked about their return to work after finishing their parental leave, various aspects that can influence it and whether they would welcome the possibility of establishing state nursery schools.
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Policy of women's employment in Czechoslovakia in 1945-1948
Červenková, Linda ; Kozmanová, Irena (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyzes policy of women's employment in Czechoslovakia after the Second World War. It shows how the issue was handled at the level of legislation and analysis of issues (un)equal wages for men and women and profiling "female" professions notes significant differences between official proclamations and reality. On the example of the Communist Party and its Central Committee of women shows how the issue of female employment used in a political struggle of "Third Republic". The second part focuses on the analysis of social, family and population policies and their impact on women's employment and the sight of it. There is yet to conclude that the policy was adjusted to enable women to participate in the reconstruction of the national economy.
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STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE LABOUR MARKET IN CONTEXT OF HARMONIZATION OF FAMILY AND WORKING LIFE IN CZECH REPUBLIC
Tržilová, Monika ; Poláková, Olga (advisor) ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (referee)
This thesis focuses on the position of women in the labor market in a situation when the employed woman should simultaneously fulfill parental obligations. It is about achieving harmony in the areas of career and family of women returning to work after maternity or parental leave. The thesis deals with the changes of the family in terms of social development tendencies, characterizes the labor market of the Czech Republic, its structure and legislative regulations related to equal opportunities for men and women in the workplace (the question of gender equality), including the interpretation of EU law. Following are the main challenges that woman faces in seeking to combine family and professional sphere and the ways in which the state or employers engage in this sense. Analytical section provides an objective assessment of the situation on the labor market in the Czech Republic compared to foreign economies. In particular are explained current approaches of governments and companies to researched issues in the country, which should improve the situation.
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Harmonization of work and family life of families with small children in the Czech Republic
Prášková, Nikola ; Poláková, Olga (advisor) ; Szabová, Lucia (referee)
This thesis deals with status of women in the labour market, especially women with small children, and their disadvantaged position to men. The thesis focuses on women return from parental leave to the labour market, the harmonization of work and family life of families with small children and used strategies and measures that help to facilitate the current situation. By analyzing the situation of women with small children in the district Nymburk are identified the biggest problems with finding job and with harmonization of work and family. At the end there are suggested the measures to help to improve the situation.
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Position of women on the labor market during and after maternity leave in Czech Republic and Slovak Republic
Kuřinová, Gabriela ; Szabová, Lucia (advisor) ; Poláková, Olga (referee)
This thesis deals with the position of women during and after maternity leave on the labour market in Czech Republic and Slovakia. This position is compared and analyzed from the viewpoint of state and employers. Gaining the inspiration from other european countries there are suggestions made for improvement of the situation in Czech Republic and Slovakia. Alternative flexible job conditions and possibility of work from home would contribute to harmonization of job and family life. Another solution is an accessibility of institutional child care in form of nurseries and a support of corporate and private institutions for child care during working hours of mother.
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Standing of women in the labor market focused on the region of Liberec
Nováková, Veronika ; Szabová, Lucia (advisor) ; Poláková, Olga (referee)
This thesis is focused on the issue of gender inequality in the labor market. The issue of unequal status of women and men is an actual topic worldwide. The Czech Republic is obligated to make an effort to improve the status of women in the labor market because of the European Union membership. This thesis is specifically focused on the region of Liberec and the main point of this thesis is analysis of the labor market in the region in terms of gender inequalities. A sub-goal is to test the hypothesis whether the economic recession of 2009 has increased unemployment of women as high-risk group or men group. In the conclusion of this thesis the region of Liberec is evaluated within the Czech Republic.
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Current family policy and its effectiveness in the milieu of the Czech Republic and Sweden
Petrusová, Alena ; Poláková, Olga (advisor) ; Szabová, Lucia (referee)
The thesis deals with comparison of family policy systems in the Czech Republic and Sweden in order to assess the overall profamily environment in these countries. Thesis analyzes the specific tools to support families and evaluates their effectiveness in terms of whether they are able to secure the young generation with some financial resources and create conditions for reconciliation of family and work. Swedish family policy is in this regard considered successful, as evidenced here a relatively high birth rate due to adverse demographic trends in other countries, such as the Czech Republic. Work in fact seeks the causes of the family policy success in Sweden and its shortcomings in the Czech Republic, points out the differences in systems of family policies due to different historical development, which reflects the volume of financial funds for families with children, and indicates as a key variable in the success of family policy area of reconciling work and family lives, where the Czech Republic currently lags far behind.
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