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In vitro cultivation of tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta - 2
Jandura, Dominik ; Vokřál, Ivan (advisor) ; Raisová Stuchlíková, Lucie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Dominik Jandura Supervisor: PharmDr. Ivan Vokřál, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro cultivation of tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta - 2 Aim of this diploma thesis was to obtain cycticercoids of the rat tapeworm (Hymenolepis diminuta), excyst them and find out the conditions for the maximal in vitro incubation period. As the intermediate host mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) infected by the rat feces containing tapeworm eggs was used. Excystment was done using L-cystein and sodium tauroglycocholate. Excysted larvae were cultured in vitro (37 řC, 5 % CO2) in RPMI 1640 medium enriched with other substances chosen according previously published methods. Mainly sheep, mouse or rat liver extracts eventually in combination with yeast extract and sheep bile were used. The effect of tested substances on the cultivation was evaluated by measuring of the tapeworm's growth. The best effect on the grow of the tapeworms was observed using medium containing serum, yeast extract and sheep liver extract where tapeworms achieved length of 1561 µm after 16 days of incubation. The further growth was limited by appearance of pathologic formations.
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Tapeworm parasitic in the digestive tract rays Amblyraja radiata on Svalbard
PADALÍKOVÁ, Petra
This bachelor thesis is interested in tapeworms of the stingray Amblyraja radiata. These rays Ambyraja radiata living in Svalbard. It is known about 5000 species of parasitic tapeworms which are parasites on vertebrates. The highest number of tapeworms lives in cartilaginous fish, and fish. Adults are found in the digestive system of vertebrates. In obtained samples were found three genera of tapeworms: Grillotia, Pseudanthobothrium, Echeneneibothrium. My objective was to determine the species. My aim was to compare the results with the literature and characterize the community tapeworm rays Amblyraja radiata in Svalbard. Identification of tapeworms was based on morphological characters. Morphological features are (eg. strobili maximum width, length cirrus sac, testes number and shape of hooks.) These characters I visualized by means of staining, light microscopy and electron microscopy. I used a carmine staining into individual samples tapeworms. Thanks to this coloring I achieved better visibility of internal organs, particularly genitals. Thanks to scanning electron microscopy I was allowed to observe the specimen surface.
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Molekulárně-fylogenetická charakteristika izolátu Hymenolepis diminuta udržovaného v laboratorních podmínkáh
ŘEŽÁBKOVÁ, Lucie
The main goal of the present study was to confirm the possibility of cryptic diversity within Hymenolepis diminuta group of tapeworms. We used molecular-fylogenetic analyses for characterization of the intraspecific genetic diversity of five isolates of Hymenolepis diminuta. Further, we wanted to compare our isolate of H. diminuta that is tested for purposes of the helminth therapy with other isolates obtained from collaborative institutions. Our results showed no cryptic diversity within H. diminuta clade of the five isolates and confirmed that our isolate is really H. diminuta previously characterized only based on its morphology.
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Migration and pathogenicity of neurotropic helminths
Pech, Václav ; Chanová, Marta (referee) ; Horák, Petr (advisor)
A neurotropism of helminths can be observed in their intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts. Neurotropic helminths migrate through the nervous tissue, where maturation and reproduction can take place. The neurotropic helminths can be found in the family of trematodes (Diplostomum baeri, D. phoxini, Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus, Trichobilharzia regenti), cestodes (Taenia multiceps, T. solium) and nematodes (Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Elaphostrongylus cervi, Parelaphostronglus tenuis, Baylisascaris procyonis). Presence of these helminths in the nervous tissue can (usually with contribution of the immune system) lead to neurological or other pathological changes: the infected hosts can even die. Some of the neurotropic helminths (A. cantonensis, B. procyonis, T. solium, T. multiceps) can infect humans as well.
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Effect of tapeworm (Hymenolepis diminuta) on bioaccumulation of zinc in the host (Rattus norvegicus)
Sloup, Vladislav ; Jankovská, Ivana (advisor)
This research investigates the ability of rat tapeworm (Hymenolepis diminuta) to accumulate zinc in tissue and the influence of its intake and excretion by its host (laboratory rat). The host was fed by food with zinc in two forms: 1) a mixture of standard food ST1 with hyperaccumulator plant Arabidopsis halleri, 2) ST1 mixture with zinc lactate, which is ordinarily used as a feed supplement for increasing zinc content and it is often included in human diet supplements. Rat control group fed by ST1 only was included in the experiment for verification of the difference. Rats were divided to six groups (OO, OT, RT, RO, MO a MT). Three rat groups were infected by rat tapeworm (OT, RT, MT) and three rat groups were not infected (OO, RO, MO). The control groups OO and OT were fed by ST1 only. RO and RT groups were fed by ST1 with admixture of Arabidopsis halleri and groups MO and MT were fed by ST1 with zinc lactate. Urine and excrements of the rats were collected twice a week during the experiment and their amounts were measured every day. The rats were weighted every week. At the end of the balance phase of the experiment rats were euthanized and seven selected tissues were removed (liver, kidney, spleen, small intestine, testis, muscle and bone). Rat tapeworm was removed from the infected rats. Blood was drawn from the rats. The results show that rat groups infected by the rat tapeworm had lower concentration of zinc in almost all analyzed tissues except for spleen, where the concentration of zinc was the same as in groups without the rat tapeworm. Based on the results the rat tapeworm also has an influence on the excretion of feces and urine.
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Effect of anthelmintic baits on prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis at red fox in CR
Brožová, Adéla ; Jankovská, Ivana (advisor) ; Bejček, Vladimír (referee)
In 2012 the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis in naturally infected red fox were investigated in selected regions of Karlovy Vary. From January to December 2013, in areas with the highest prevalence, delivery baits containing the anthelmintic (80 g of fish flesh + 50 mg Praziquantel- Drontal plus flavour) in an amount of 50 baits per km2. In 2014 the inspection was carried out investigations and subsequent comparison prevalence of tapeworm in the monitored areas between 2012 and 2014, ie. before and after the delivery of anthelmintic baits. The observed prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in foxes before delivery baits was 80% (12/15), after delivery baits was 10.5% (2/19). Furthermore, an analysis of infected intestinal tissue foxes and foxes uninfected with Echinococcus multilocularis for determining the concentrations of selected elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn). Foxes with this tapeworm exhibited in the intestinal mucosa higher levels of the following elements: chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn). Conversely concentration primarily toxic elements (Cd and Pb) in the intestine infected foxes with Echinococcus multilocularis was lower than in the intestine foxes without this parasite.
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Oribatida as intermediates host of tapeworms
Farkašová, Lucie ; Jankovská, Ivana (advisor) ; Burešová, Eva (referee)
This Bachelor thesis "Oribatida as intermediates host of tapeworms" is focused on the presence of tapeworm and other helminths occurring mainly in sheep and goats, monitoring prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection as well as significance of these endoparasites livestock for humans. These parasites pose a problem for people worldwide, mainly an economic terms. There are described the most common family of Anoplocephalidae tapeworm that are the most common parasites of reptiles, birds and mammals. Adult tapeworms are found only in the small intestine of the definitive host. This family of parasites is a species-rich group with cosmopolitan occurrence. These tapeworms are still a significant group for veterinary parasitology, because they cause many health problems for their hosts. The best known of this family is a sheep tapeworm (Moniezia expansa). The only tapeworm family Anoplocephalidae occurring humans are two kinds: Bertiella studeri and Bertiella mucronata, each with a different geographic distribution. Bertiella mucronata is found in South America and Cuba, Bertiella studeri occurs in Africa and Asia.
Tapeworms have allways two hosts: one intermediate host and a final host. As intermediate hosts there are mites of order oribatida (Oribatida) but bark lice (Psocoptera) or springtails (Collembola) can not be excluded aswell. The infection occurs by ingesting intermediate host infected by cysticercoidy. In order to reduce the prevalence of these parasites is necessary to conduct regular worming by using anthelmintics or plant extracts and regular removaling of excrements which are a source of eggs for the infectious intermediate host, in this case oribatid. In oribatida arises cystycercoid, which is infective for the definitive host (sheep). To eliminate tapeworms genus Moniezia of sheep (goat), it is necessary to eliminate these intermediate hosts. Which is a big problem.
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Parasitic diseases of Australian parrot species
Rasochová, Karolína ; Jankovská, Ivana (advisor) ; Husák, Tomáš (referee)
Australian parrot species can host many species of parasites. Parasitic diseases affects both parrots kept in captivity and living wild. This work is compiled as a literary review and provides a summary of most parasites with confirmed presence at the Australian species of parrots. Many parasites species have been detected recently. The presence of new species is confirmed also for parrots kept in Central Europe (coccidia Sarcocystis
calchasi) including the Czech Republic (parasitic protozoa Leucocytozoon spp., roundworm Ascaridia platyceri).
Parasitic infections may be detected trough examining samples from living parrots (feces, blood, tissues) or trough necropsy of died individuals (histopatology). In psittacines, protozal infections have been described (phylum Metamonada and Apicomplexa). Giardiasis, coccidiosis, cryptosporidiosis and blood parasites (Plasmodium spp., Leucocytozoon spp., Haemoproteus spp.) are among the most frequent. Australian parrot species are among the most frequent hosts of nematodes roundworms (Ascaridia spp.) and capillaries (Capillaria spp.). Regarding the strain Fungi, presence of Encephalitozoon hellem which causes microsporidiosis which primarily occurs in humans with acquired immunodeficiency has also been identified in psittacines. This makes it a potentially zoonotic disease. As of the ectoparasites, those most important representatives from the variety of species of parasitic mites and insects are mentioned. The life cycle of the parasites, their pathogenicity, ways of transmission, clinical signs in affected individuals, diagnosis and treatment options have been described.
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Interaction between tapeworm infection and heavy metals accumulation in the host
Magdálek, Jan ; Jankovská, Ivana (advisor) ; Ivana, Ivana (referee)
Heavy metals in living organisms occur in trace amounts. While zinc is an essential element wich is indispensable for many physiological processes, cadmium in body acts
as atissue toxin, that can cause oxidative stress and contribute to cancer development. Recent studies suggest that some species of tapeworms (Cestoda) and Acantocephala are able
to absorb in their tissue higher quantity of heavy metals in comparsion with their hosts. Moreover it was observed that In connection with the increased accumulation of heavy metals in the tissue of tapeworm was decreased amounts of these metals in the organs of the host. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether the rat tapevorm (Hymenolepis diminuta) causes a decrease in the concentration of Cd and Zn in the organs of rats. A total of 24 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Groups PT and 0P take increased doses of kadmium (3,0 mg/week) and zinc (235,7 mg/week) for six weeks. This increased intake was achieved by adding Arabidopis halleri to feed. After six weeks rats were killed and concentrations in their tissues (bone, muscle, testes, spleen, intestine, liver kidney) were analyzed. Subsequent statistical tests confirmed lower levels of Cd and Zn in some organs
of rats infected with tapeworm compared to rats without infection. For example
in kidney, liver ant intestine of infected rats was detected 2,9; 2,5 and 1,8 times lower concentrations of cadmium and zinc in comparsion with uninfected rats. Tapeworm absorbed 1695 time higher amount of kadmium compared to the host muscle. The zinc content was lower in all organs (except spleen and testes) of infected rats in comparsion to uninfected.
In kidney, liver and intestine of infected rats was 1,2; 1,25 and 1,4 times lower average concentration of zinc in comparsion with uninfected rats. The tape worm absorb higher concentration of zinc compared to all organs of the host.
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