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Influence of salicylic acid on naproxene and diclofenac phytoextraction.
Vrtalová, Martina ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The influence of salicylic acid on the naproxene a diclofenac phytoextraction at different starting concentrations of tested substances has been investigated. The experiments were performed using in vitro sterile hydroponic cultivation of Helianthus annus, Pisum sativum, Brassica napus and Zea mays plants on the Murashige-Skoog cultivation medium supplemented with appropriate combinations of tested substances. The extraction of naproxene (15 or 17 mg/l) in the presence of salicylic acid (1 or 5 mg/l) was decreased at B. napus and P. sativum plants. In contrast to these results the phytoextraction by H. annuus plants was increased by the use of the same experimental conditions . At diclofenac/salicylic acid combinations and H. annuus plants the positive influence of salicylic acid in the concentration of 1 mg/l on diclofenac phytoextraction was found while the concentration of 5 mg/l diminished the phytoextraction efficiency. At other used plant species the extraction of diclofenac was concentration dependently decreased by salicylic acid. The obtained results clearly show that phytoextraction in multicomponent mixtures is complicated and in tested systems the salicylic acid moderately influenced phytoextraction of naproxene and diclofenac in dependence on the used plant species ad salicylic acid...
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Connection between Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and plant immunity
Kapr, Jan ; Burketová, Lenka (advisor) ; Vosolsobě, Stanislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with the specific pathway in a response to endoplasmic reticulum stress in plant cells - the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and its role in plant immunity signalling. The work summarizes the main recent knowledges of molecular components of plant immunity and response to plant pathogens, focusing on important molecules that are also connected to UPR. The role of salicylic acid as a molecule on a crossroad between UPR signalling pathways and local and systemic resistence, is highlighted in this work. Recently, the phospholipids have also been shown to be important component of signaling pathways in response to biotic stress in plants and their role is also mentioned.
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The characterisation of organ-specific phytohormone responses to nutrient deficiency and biotic stress
Kramná, Barbara ; Vaňková, Radomíra (advisor) ; Hronková, Marie (referee) ; Plíhalová, Lucie (referee)
Abiotic and biotic stresses lead to crop yield losses and ultimately negatively affect agriculture production. Elucidation of the mechanisms of plant stress responses and their regulation could help to understand plant defence and improve stress tolerance. Phytohormones stand behind both plant growth and developmental changes as well as stress signalling. This thesis summarises the results published in two articles focused on phytohormone dynamics in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, namely phosphate shortage and Plasmodiophora brassicae infection. A review article focuses in depth on strigolactones as master regulators of phosphate deficiency responses. The main emphasis is put on organ-specific reactions and exogenous phytohormone treatment with the potential to convey stress tolerance. In the case of phosphate shortage, the universal reaction in all organs was a decrease in active cytokinin trans-zeatin and gibberellin GA4 with a concurrent elevation of abscisic acid. Also, the high- affinity phosphate transporters (PHT1;4 and PHT1;7) exhibited increased gene expression within the whole plant. Shoot apical meristems showed numerous changes in gene expression and were the most affected organ during the lack of phosphate. Only in roots, we observed a substantial elevation of low active...
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Biodegradable solid dispersion for application to mucous membranes
Janáková, Gabriela ; Šnejdrová, Eva (advisor) ; Dittrich, Milan (referee)
1. ABSTRAKT CHARLES UNIVERSITY Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Name of the student: Mgr. Gabriela Janáková Title of diploma thesis: Biodegradable solid dispersion for application to mucous membranes Consultant: PharmDr. Eva Šnejdrová, Ph.D. The aim of this work was to formulate solid dispersions for application to the mucosa and the skin in the form of a thin film and to study their dissolution properties. Solid dispersions were comprised of biodegradable copolymers of lactic acid and glycolic branched using 3% (3P) or 5% (5P) of pentaerythriol. They were prepared by a melting method with the addition of ethyl salicylate (ES) as a prodrug and plasticizer and optionally incorporating salicylic acid. As a dissolution medium phosphate buffer pH 7.4 was used. The theoretical part focuses on biodegradable polymers and solid dispersions. A faster course of salicylate release was observed in case of the polyester with higher molecular weight, higher branching ratio, and higher glass transition temperature. Higher content of ethyl salicylate slowed down salicylate release. After the incorporation of 5% salicylic acid into the polyester plasticized by ethyl salicylate, there was no expected elongation of salicylate release. The solid dispersion based on polyester...
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Micropollutants in water resources and ways of their elimination
Lukášová, Daniela ; Látal,, Milan (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with micro-fuels in drinking water sources and their subsequent removal. In the thesis mainly pesticides and pharmaceuticals are described. The reader is first introduced to the most common pesticides occurring in water and their consumption. Drugs are described in a similar context. In addition, there are practical studies on the occurrence, degradation and removal of micro-pollutants from water. The final thesis is a laboratory experiment dealing with the removal of salicylic acid from water by filtration through the filtration material Bayoxide E33 and activated carbon. The thesis describes the procedure and results of the experiment.
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Transgenerational effect of nutrient treatment on progeny of an apomitic plant
Vlk, Lukáš ; Mráz, Patrik (advisor) ; Skálová, Hana (referee)
Environmental conditions can influence epigenetic variability of clonal organisms. These environmentally induced changes have potential to persist in following generations. In theory, this transgenerational memory could allow clonal (and especially apomictic) plants to partly compensate reduced genetic variability and could enhance adaptative ability of apomictic populations. According to Muller's ratchet model, asexual organisms amass deleterious mutations, which could lead to their extinction. Possible transgenerational memory could partly compensate for this. It could also account for longtime survivorship of asexual organisms in environment. This thesis deals with transgenerational memory of triploid apomictic populations of Hieracium alpinum, with completely missing sexuality and thus genetically uniform offspring. Transgenerational effect in Hieracium alpinum was studied on clonal lineages originated from 5 populations (Norway, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovakia). Seeds were planted in cultivation experiment I in 3 treatments (control, added nutrients, added salicylic acid) and vegetative and generative traits were measured. Plants responded to nutrient addition but not to salicylic acid. Treatment with nutrient addition increased biomass, number of leaves and SLA (specific leaf...
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Synthesis of antimicrobial compounds based on derivatives of salicylic acid
Tvrdý, Václav ; Krátký, Martin (advisor) ; Vinšová, Jarmila (referee)
Schiff bases are widely used both in technical practice and in the field of medicine. For their antimicrobial activities are studied as potential antimacterial and abtifungal drugs. With increasing level of resistence to currently drugs is the development of new substances very intense. Salicylanilides are a group of substances with antimicrobial activity and are also intensively studied. Based on that we were synthesized novel Schiff bases resulting from salicylic acid, respectively salicylanilides. It was concretely prepared five compounds: 5- chloro-N-{4-[phenyl(phenylimino)methyl]phenyl}-2-hydroxybenzamide, 5-bromo-N-{4-[ phenyl(phenylimino)methyl]phenyl}-2-hydroxybenzamide, 5-chloro-N-{4-[phenyl(3- chlorfenylimino)methyl]phenyl}-2-hydroxybenzamide, 5-chloro-N-{4-[phenyl(4- chlorfenylimino)methyl]phenyl}-2-hydroxybenzamide, 5-bromo-N-{4-[phenyl(4- chlorfenylimino)methyl]phenyl}-2-hydroxybenzamide. The reaction proceeded at the boiling point of the solvent, with catalytic amount of p-toluensulfonic acid. Most of the compounds were characterized by IR, H1 NMR, C13 NMR and melting point. The prepared compounds showed E/Z isomers on double bond, it is demonstrated on NMR specters.
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Experimental study on the release of active ingredients from gel matrices
Volhinava, Anastasiya ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with the characterization of hydrogels containing humic substances and salicylic acid. Experimental study of the transport of active substances was performed from the gel matrix over the skin and synthetic membranes. During this work was writing literature review focused on the use of gels with humic substances in cosmetic, medical and pharmaceutical industries. The model humic hydrogels was prepared with salicylic acid and their characterization by basic methods of material analysis. These basic methods were and visual assessment of consistency during the preparation and rheology. The study of the release of active and humic substances was performed due to the vertical diffusion cells. The amount of released humic substance was characterized by UV-VIS method and the amount of released salicylic acid from gel matrix was determined by HPLC.
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Influence of salicylic acid on naproxene and diclofenac phytoextraction.
Vrtalová, Martina ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The influence of salicylic acid on the naproxene a diclofenac phytoextraction at different starting concentrations of tested substances has been investigated. The experiments were performed using in vitro sterile hydroponic cultivation of Helianthus annus, Pisum sativum, Brassica napus and Zea mays plants on the Murashige-Skoog cultivation medium supplemented with appropriate combinations of tested substances. The extraction of naproxene (15 or 17 mg/l) in the presence of salicylic acid (1 or 5 mg/l) was decreased at B. napus and P. sativum plants. In contrast to these results the phytoextraction by H. annuus plants was increased by the use of the same experimental conditions . At diclofenac/salicylic acid combinations and H. annuus plants the positive influence of salicylic acid in the concentration of 1 mg/l on diclofenac phytoextraction was found while the concentration of 5 mg/l diminished the phytoextraction efficiency. At other used plant species the extraction of diclofenac was concentration dependently decreased by salicylic acid. The obtained results clearly show that phytoextraction in multicomponent mixtures is complicated and in tested systems the salicylic acid moderately influenced phytoextraction of naproxene and diclofenac in dependence on the used plant species ad salicylic acid...
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Use of Fenton Reaction for Drug Degradation in the Ecosystem
Tomešová, Lenka ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The elimination of unwanted substances from the ecosystem can be accomplished by advanced oxidation processes (AOP). AOPs are used preferably in treatment of wastewater. One of the AOP's methods is Fenton's reaction. The degradation of drug residues by this reaction was the aim the project. The experiments were focused on finding possible degradation products, which could be much more hazardous than parent compounds. The study was primarily concerned with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen and salicylic acid) and antiepileptic carbamazepine. The complete decomposition of tested compounds was not observed by using HPLC and MS analysis. The products of decomposition were found in reaction mixture, in case of diclofenac dechloration of aromatic ring occurred. In cases of most compounds with exception of acetoaminophen and salicylic acid the reaction led to the formation of more polar products than parent compounds. The results imply that even more advanced oxidation processes do not cause complete destruction of organic compounds. Key words: Fentons reaction, drug residues, acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, naproxen, salicylic acid.
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