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The attitudes and knowledge of pre- and in - service teachers on the topic of plant role in human environment under the global climate changes
ŠEVČÍKOVÁ, Kristýna
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of mutual interactions between vegetation cover and the atmosphere in the period of global climate change. The aim of this work is to determine the level of knowledge of teachers and students of science teaching together with their views on the teaching of this topic in practice at primary school and in out-of-school education. The literary introduction outlines the issue of mutual interactions between vegetation and atmosphere, together with the anchoring of this topic in the framework educational program. The practical part of this work comments on the results of a questionnaire for students of science teaching and the results of a questionnaire designed for science teachers. Based on the results of this survey among students and teachers, a teaching unit was designed for use in out-of-school education at the primary school level.
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The effect of abiotic factors on house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae
Vacková, Tereza ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Zemek, Rostislav (referee)
House dust mites are one of the most important allergenic agents found in households worldwide. The biology of these mites is significantly affected by hygrothermal factors - especially by temperature and humidity. The study is focused on the influence of temperature and humidity to the behavior of Dermatophagoides farinae within a thermal gradient (simulating a vertical section of a mattress), on its metabolism (represented by respiration rate) and population growth. Within a constant thermal gradient (19-41 řC) run for 24 h D. farinae mites most often received food in the sector with a temperature range of 32-36 řC. In experiment with 5 days of alternating cycles of the same gradient (8 h / day) and room temperature (16 h / day) was the sector with a temperature range of 32-36 řC for mite's feeding also the most prefered. In contrast, in both variants of the experiment, non-feeding mites preferred the sector with a temperature range of 19-23 řC (or rather, the largest number of them were found in this sector during the evaluation). During the measurement of respiration, mites of this species showed significant CO2 production when were incubated at temperatures of 25- 30 řC. Out of the studied combinations of temperature and humidity, the highest respiration was measured when mites were incubated...
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Microbial communities of soils affected by long-term heavy metal contamination
Průchová, Pavla ; Kopecký, Jan (advisor) ; Matyska Lišková, Petra (referee)
This work is focused on microbial communities living in the soil affected by long-term exposure to heavy metals. The soil was sampled at two sites with different levels of contamination near Příbram. In the samples, respiration rate was measured in vitro after addition of carbon sources and at different levels of cadmium, one of the contaminating metals found in the soil. After the incubation with carbon sources, soil samples were collected for environmental DNA isolation. Gene coding for 16S rRNA in Actinobacteria was amplified from the environmental DNA samples and the amplicon composition was assessed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The resulting profiles were used to compare actinobacterial communities in both groups of soil samples and in individual treatments. The analysis showed a clear distinction between the two sites differing in the contamination level and shifts in the community composition of various intesity depending on the added substrate.
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The effect of temperature on plant growth: teaching protocols of model experiments
Máhrlová, Zuzana ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Mourek, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the creation of model tasks (by means of an experiment) for the study of biology at secondary schools and concerns the effects of temperature on plant growth. The selected tasks utilize the new didactic approach by means of the so called inquiry based education. This method of teaching contributes to the development of individual deduction reasoning and encourages the students to actively think about the subject matter. The thesis provides the necessary theoretical background for the topic together with the description of methods and material needed for the conducting the experiments. Furthermore, the thesis describes the necessary instructions and procedures to conduct the experiment and its use in the secondary school teaching practice and presents the requisite methodical guidelines and worksheets for them. Simultaneously, the thesis verifies the didactic applicability of the experiment and the worked out materials through a questionnaire survey and monitored application of the model tasks at secondary schools. The main result of this diploma thesis is a modern, functional and verified method of teaching for high school about the effects of temperature on plant growth in accordance with modern approaches to education, which include own experiments, their...
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Impact of litter quality on decomposition
Vicena, Jakub ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
The text of the thesis is divided into two parts. The literature overview discusses the importance of decomposition to carbon cycling in soils and evaluation of biological, physical and chemical factors that affect decomposition. To understand the factors affecting the soil respiration is essential to improve the global carbon balance. Decomposition affects also the release of nutrients, soil fertility and other soil processes and properties. The very project aims at the impact of leaf litter quality assessment (specifically, the C: N: P ratio) on the rate of decomposition. The assumption is that the low C:N ratio initially accelerates the decomposition which quickly reaches its minimum. Conversely, at a high C: N ratio the rate of decomposition is initially slower and subsequently reaches its minimum, and the average value of decomposition will be higher than in samples with low C:N ratio. For litter which has undergone leaching phase none of the significant differences in respiration of the individual samples with different C:N were statistically proved.
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Mitochondrial respiration of brown adipose tissue in development of cold acclimation
Galatík, František ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Holzerová, Kristýna (referee)
Historical experiments regarding the influence of low ambient temperatures were often accompanied with the development of detrimental effects. Our laboratory recently published a protocol of mild cold acclimation (5 weeks in 8 ± 1 řC) which induces cardioprotective phenotype in rats (Rattus norvegicus). An important mechanism of cold acclimation is the activation and increase of brown adipose tissue. Besides the nonshivering thermogenesis brown adipose tissue can produce a multitude of autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine factors which might positively influence whole-body metabolism and function of other important organs. The effect of cold acclimation on brown adipose tissue is not however explored very well. The aim of this work was to asses selected parameters of respiration of isolated brown adipose tissue mitochondria of control rats living in 24 ± 1 řC and compare it with that of rats exposed to 8 ± 1 řC for 1 day, 3 days, 10 days, and 5 weeks. Results of this works were 1) the increase in respiration occurs after the 1-day cold exposure and 2) the highest respiration per 1 mg of mitochondrial protein appears to be after the 10 days of cold exposure. Key-words: Brown adipose tissue, mitochondria, respiration, cold acclimation
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Biomechanical chracteristics of nonstationary respiration as possible identificator of tiredeness under hypokinetic loading
Lopotová, Martina ; Šorfová, Monika (advisor) ; Eck, Vladimír (referee) ; Smrčka, Pavel (referee)
The general topic of this work is to reveal the potential relationship between tiredness cause by hypokinetic monotonous loading and breathing. The aim was to determine if there are suitable respiratory parameters that would indicate this tirednes and, if so, then verify their validity for predicting the tiredness phenomena accompanying huge range of everyday human activities. The performed experiment was attended by five volunteers who absolved measurements of electrical activity of brain, of breathing and of chest volume changes. The course of the experiment and the behaviour of probands were recorded by a camera. In the first part of each maesuremnt, a specified monotonous task (Task Tracking) was performed. The probands have had to follow the target moving with pseudocasual direction and speed by the cursor on the monitor. This task currently reflected the level of reliability and quality of the performed aktivity. In the second part of measurement, the probands had just to relax and watch a movie. Both parts were measured in two conditions - alert and tired (after 24 hours of sleep deprivation) proband. The data were compared with each other and evaluated. The measurements and the results showed that the rate of the tiredness can be fairly reliably assessed by monitoring of the volume...
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Dopady přehnojení dusíkem na biologickou aktivitu půdy hnojené biologickým odpadem
Slezák, Marek
Findings that occurred during the practical part of the diploma thesis confirmed the working hypothesis that the application of biodegradable components to the soil has a positive influence on the activity of soil microorganisms. The greatest increase in microbial activity occurred with the use of manure, but in this application there was a greater degree of leaching of mineral nitrogen from the soil. Application of manure on arable land appears to be the best and most economical way to promote microbial acti-vity in soil.
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Design of Desktop Spirometer
Monsportová, Kateřina ; Buganská, Tamara (referee) ; Rubínová, Dana (advisor)
The theme of this bachelor thesis is a design of tabletop spirometer. The main goal is to design a device with innovative appearance and shaping, which will provide complex and professional pulmonary examination. The thesis is based on an analysis of the current market and was created with a regard to ergonomic and technical aspects. The final product finds its application in specialized consulting rooms and in general practitioner's office.
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