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Preoperative physiotherapy in patients with planned cardiac surgery
KRONESOVÁ, Karolína
The bachelor thesis investigates preoperative physiotherapy options for patients with upcoming cardiac surgery. The thesis examines physiotherapeutic options before the cardiac surgery, which aim to be beneficial in the postoperative phase. The first goal is to map physiotherapeutic methods available for patients with upcoming cardiac surgery. The second goal is to compile educational material for patients who are planning to undergo a cardiac operation. I formulate two following research questions to achieve these goals: 1. Which physiotherapeutic methods are available for patients with upcoming cardiac surgery? 2. What effect has the educational material for patients with upcoming cardiac surgery? The theoretical part focuses on the following areas: anatomy of thorax and heart, physiology of bloodstream and heart, and on respiratory system. The next topic is a description of basic concepts of cardiac surgery and physiotherapeutic methods, which we can use in cardiac rehabilitation. The practical part of the work is based on qualitative research - case studies of four probands with planned cardiac surgery. Before the surgery, the input examination was performed to set starting values. The output examination took place right before the patient's release to home care for final evaluation. Probands were found thanks to the department of cardiac and chest surgery in České Budějovice hospital. The research was held during proband's hospitalization, and the whole therapy process was monitored. Based on kinesiological analysis input and output, I evaluated the effect of preoperative physiotherapy as positive for three out of four probands. Proband 1 had a significant extension of maximal respiratory mouth pressures; her thorax increased its volume and duration of inhaling and exhale. Despite lowered expectations, Proband 2 improved her maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures. Chest volume of Proband 3 increased during measurements. Due to the health condition of Proband 4, I could not perform her output examination.
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Physiotherapy treatment options in patients with unstable chest wall after cardiac surgery
KUBEŠOVÁ, Alžběta
This bachelor's thesis talks about complications after cardiac surgery, particularly unstable chest wall. The thesis describes what kind of complications occur in wound healing disorder and what kind of risk factors are connected to wound healing disorder. There are many precautionary measures that help to prevent the development of unwanted wound healing disorders. It is more than desired to treat patients with unstable chest wall using physiotherapy methods, as it shows the patient how to manage the wound, it helps with expectorating and increases the quality of life. The aim of the thesis is to describe physiotherapy treatment options and utilise them during the treatment sessions with patients. Theoretical part of my bachelor´s thesis is focused on sternotomy and it's healing, risk factors which represent higher possibility for development of postoperative complications and unstable chest wall. Thesis also talks about the current situation of postoperative complications and what are the possibilities of curing them. The text also talks about physiotherapy treatment options. The end of theoretical part describes different types of respiratory trainers. Some of them are therapeutical, some of them are diagnostic. It allows us to measure the strength of breathing muscles. The research part is carried out in the form of qualitative research, specifically as a case report method using two probanders with unstable chest walls after cardiac surgery conducted through median sternotomy. The patients were hospitalized in the cardiothoracic unit in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. Each proband was thoroughly examined, a kinesiological analysis was carried out and physiotherapy treatment started. Each proband was treated for a different time period, because their sternotomy wound healed in different pace. The positive effect of the therapy and the resulting profits for patients with unstable chest walls was recognised because of measurement of chest development by tailoring meter, measurement of breath strength using MicroRPM and by subjective sensations of the probands.
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Specifics of physiotherapy in patients with bronchial asthma
KONEČNÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of physiotherapy in patients with asthma bronchiale. The aim of the theoretical part of the thesis is to describe the problem of bronchial asthma and to describe the possibilities of physiotherapy for patients suffering from asthma. The theoretical part of the thesis includes a comprehensive description of the disease, specifically definition, prevalence, etiopathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, classification of the disease and treatment options. The anatomy of the respiratory system, respiratory muscles, a description of physiological breathing and its pathology in asthmatics is also included. A relatively large part of the theoretical part consists of physiotherapy options. Asthma bronchiale is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract manifested by symptoms of bronchial obstruction such as dyspnoea, cough, wheezing phenomena when breathing and chest pressure. The disease can be accompanied by asthma attacks of varying frequency and severity, which can be life-threatening. The cause of these difficulties is the presence of chronic inflammation in the bronchi together with their hyperreactivity. The prevalence of asthma continues to rise worldwide, along with the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases, which may be influenced by the worsening air quality. Asthma bronchiale is an incurable disease that affects people of all ages. With timely diagnosis and the use of pharmacological treatment, the symptoms of the disease can be eliminated and thus the disease can be controlled. Diseases of the respiratory system also have a negative effect on the musculoskeletal system, so physiotherapy has its place in the comprehensive treatment of asthma. Physiotherapy treatment focuses mainly on restoring the correct breathing pattern, correcting body posture, eliminating muscle imbalances and improving physical fitness. The aim of the practical part of the thesis is to propose physiotherapy procedures suitable for patients with bronchial asthma and to evaluate their effect. The form of qualitative research has been chosen for the practical part. The research includes 3 case studies of adult patients with asthma. Input and output kinesiology examinations have been performed, based on which comparison the results have been described
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The possibilities of using pulmonary telerehabilitation for post-Covid 19 patients
Stuchlíková, Anna ; Havlová, Martina (advisor) ; Nováková, Petra (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Name and surname: Anna Stuchlíková Thesis supervisor: Mgr. Martina Havlová Thesis consultant: MUDr. et Bc. Petra Sládková, Ph.D. Title: The possibilities of using pulmonary telerehabilitation for post-Covid 19 patients Abstract: This bachelor thesis deals with the issues related to Covid-19 and physiotherapeutic possibilities of influencing its effects. It focuces mainly on respiratory physiotherapy through telerehabilitation. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis gives a description of Covid-19 within its overall context, including pulmonary rehabilitation, the importance of early physiotherapy intervention and rehabilitation options in specific stages of the disease. In adition, the bachelor thesis describes a telerehabilitation and discusses its importance and connection with Covid-19. The practical part of the thesis presents an information brochure for post Covid-19 patients as well as case studies of three post Covid-19 patients. The information brochure contains the Covid-19 basics, complemented by the recommended procedures, treatment options and preventive measures. Using textual descriptions as well as simple images, the brochure also explains the respiratory physiotherapy techniques and movement...
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A case study of physiotherapeutic treatment of a patient after acute respiratory failure due to pneumonia combined with pulmonary oedema
Zdobinská, Nela ; Dvořáčková, Dominika (advisor) ; Sárazová, Daniela (referee)
Title: A case study of physiotherapeutic treatment of a patient after acute respiratory failure due to pneumonia combined with pulmonary oedema. Objectives: The aim of this bachelor thesis is to introduce the problematics of respiratory diseases including anatomical context, the possibilities of treatment and rehabilitation based on EBM. The practical part concerns case report of the patient diagnosed with acute respiratory failure due to pneumonia combined with pulmonary oedema. Methods: The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part consists of anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the respiratory system, introduction to the problem of acute respiratory failure, pneumonia and pulmonary oedema, as well as the most commonly used physiotherapeutic methods used to treat patients with this condition. The practical part is a case study of a patient after acute respiratory failure due to pneumonia combined with pulmonary oedema. The elaboration of the case study was made during continuous professional practice in Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague, in the period from 10 January 2022 to 4 February 2022 under the expert guidance of Mgr. Daniela Sárazová and Bc. Robert Charvát. The bachelor thesis includes kinesiological...
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Case study of physiotherapeutic treatment of a patient after proctocolectomy with temporary ileostomy.
Kulhavá, Klára ; Sohrová, Jana (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
Author: Klára Kulhavá Title: Case study of physiotherapeutic treatment of a patient after proctocolectomy with temporary ileostomy. Objectives: The aim of this bachelor thesis is a detailed elaboration of a case study of physiotherapeutic treatment of a patient after proctocolectomy with temporary ileostomy and summary of theoretical knowledge related to this diagnosis, its causes, consequences and rehabilitation treatment options. This thesis was created within a continuous professional practice at the Institute of Clinical and Experimental of Medicine in Prague at the KARIP Resuscitation Department in the period 14/01/2022 - 04/02/2022. Methods: The main division of this work is a theoretical part and a special part. The theoretical part will contain brief anatomical and physiological information on the small and large intestine. Next, I will briefly mention the types of intestinal polyposes and focus in detail on familial adenomatous polyposis. In the special part, there will be processed a case study of a physiotherapeutic treatment of the patient after proctocolectomy with temporary ileostomy together with records of individual therapies. The case study was prepared on the basis of a continuous professional practice at the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine on 14/01/2022 -...
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Case study of physiotherapeutic care of a patient diagnosed with pneumonia
Anzari, Mikoláš ; Chroustová, Kristina (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapeutic care of a patient diagnosed with pneumonia Aims: The aim of this thesis is to briefly summarize the basic theoretical knowledge of pneumonia from professional sources and to apply selected physiotherapeutic methods used in the diagnosis of pneumonia and to assess their effectiveness. Summary: In the first part of the theoretical part, the basic theoretical knowledge of pneumonia is briefly summarized and ARDS is also marginally described. The second part outlines how physiotherapists can contribute in the treatment of these conditions and what evidence-based medicine has to say about physiotherapeutic approaches in the ICU and in pneumonia. The special part of this bachelor thesis is based on a continuous professional practice at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care at the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague between 10 January 2022 and 4 February 2022 and is presented in the form of a case report of a patient with a diagnosis of pneumonia. Keywords: pneumonia, ARDS, pulmonary rehabilitation, respiratory physiotherapy
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Dynamics of thorax in patients with COPD, its influence through POWERbreathe
Chmelařová, Anna ; Smolíková, Libuše (advisor) ; Babková, Lenka (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its influence on the musculoskeletal system, lung transplantation and pulmonary rehabilitation. It discusses the role of POWERbreathe, a breathing training device, which is primarily used to strengthen the inspiratory muscles. The practical part was performed as a randomized control pilot study to assess the effect of POWERbreathe on the strength of the inspiratory muscles, the thorax dynamics and selected pulmonary function. The aim of the study is to determine the benefits of using the POWERbreathe for COPD patients during the pre-transplant period. In total, 18 patients with COPD IV. grade participated in the study (6 women and 12 men) with an average age of 59.8 ± 5.53 years. Probands were divided into two groups, only one of which used a POWERbreathe. Pulmonary functions (FEV1, VCin, FVC, PIF), muscle strength (SIndex), and chest dynamics (chest disturbances in the mezosternal and xiphosternal region with maximum inspiration and exhalation and respiratory amplitudes in these areas) were evaluated. The results did not show a significant inter-group difference in the strength of the inspiratory muscles. Within pulmonary function, this difference was evident in the FEV1 parameter and the chest dynamics increased...
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The significance of physiotherapy after the surgeries of tumoral processes through the thoracic way
Hrbáčková, Karolína ; Zadražilová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Smolíková, Libuše (referee)
Tumoral diseases of the lungs are one of the most frequent causes of hospitalization and necessary surgical interventions in the chest area. The most common is bronchogenic carcinoma, which is mentioned as the most common malignancy among men in incidence and mortality. In women it occupies the third place. Worldwide, it results in 20% of all deaths from oncological causes. The main theoretical part of this bachelor's thesis is focused on the possibilities of physiotherapy with patients after chest surgery emphasizing respiratory physiotherapy. Part of the practical section of this bachelor's thesis reviews questionnaires distributed to the patients with the aim of analyzing patient participation, the quality of and satisfaction with their preoperative and early postoperative rehabilitation and interest in outpatient rehabilitation. A case report of a patient who underwent chest surgery due to a lung cancer is added.
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Respiratory physiotherapy - part of a comprehensive treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients
Vargová, Zuzana ; Smolíková, Libuše (advisor) ; Slováčková, Lenka (referee)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a progressive muscular disease. This serious disease attacks not only the musculoskeletal system, but also the respiratory system. Respiratory system is one of the most influenced systems. The risks of respiratory problems increase with deteriorating condition of the patient due to muscle weakness. This work is focused on treatment of respiratory system. The aim of treatment is early prevention and solving of complications. These complications include not only scoliosis and cardial problems, but mainly inefficient cough, night hypoventilation, irregular night breathing and failure of respiratory system even during the day. The aim of the respiratory physiotherapy is to keep the right functionality of lungs for the longest time and to choose the correct method of the rehabilitation following the patient's condition deteriorating. Interventions suitable for the patients with the DMD are techniques that leads to increasing lung volume, manual and mechanical techniques of assisted coughing, and noninvasive ventilation. NIV is one of the preferred methods of treating nowadays. Another method is continual invasive ventilation and ventilation with tracheostomy. This treatment includes keeping hygiene of the airways, which is the basis for their throughput. The work also includes...
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