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Solving of physics problems - development of particular skills
Homolová, Lenka ; Snětinová, Marie (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Irena (referee)
The aim of this work was to prepare activities and identify suitable physics problems that focus on students' abilities to solve physics problems and should help them develop their physical thinking. Four activities are described in this thesis. A teacher's methodical sheet that describes the activity and includes information about the type of developed problem solving skill as well as a worksheet with problems and solution of the worksheet were created for each activity. All worksheets were tested at upper secondary schools. The aim of the research was to find out if teachers and students consider the prepared activities, or more precisely the worksheets, as useful and usable. For the purposes of this research, a case study was chosen as a research method, in which participant observations and structured interviews with students and teachers were the main data for collection sources.
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Strategies of solving problems focusing on area of plane figures in elementary school
Patočková, Věra ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Tůmová, Veronika (referee)
The theme of the diploma work are pupil's strategies of solving selected problems focusing on area of plane figures. The theoretical part includes definitions of basic ideas - problem, area, problems of area, solving problems, solving strategies. Plane figures are classified into particular school classes. Every plane figure is presented by examples of types of the problems, which are most common in elementary schools. The practical part of the work begins with the preparation of an experiment, where the objektive of the experiment is introduced, selection of problems for this experiment, description of tested group and the way of getting data. Follows the description of realization of the experiment. It contains three problems of the area of plane figures which were solved by pupils of the eighth and the ninth class. Supposed strategies, expected mistakes and analysis of pupil's solutions are presented. Expected and obtained solving strategies are compared for every problems. The result of the experiment is summarised in the conclusion. Keywords: problem, area, problems of area, solving problems, solving strategies, heuristic strategy
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Quantitative physics tasks - solution process
Kučerová, Marie ; Koupilová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Houfková, Jitka (referee)
Solving of quantitative physics tasks makes out a considerable part of physics education. The goal of this work is to decide, whether the methods described in literature correspond in any way with the methods chosen by the students and teachers. For a better understanding of difference between two examined methods, eight physics task along with their detailed solution in term of both methods are presented in this work. The solution of seven high school students and eleven teachers with different length of teaching experience was examined. On the basis of this examination, the author came to conclusion that methods used by students and teachers when solving the given tasks correspond to those described in literature.
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Solving of problems dealing with volume and surface in the three-dimensional space by 15-16-year old pupils (9th grade)
Dlouhá, Michaela ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
The topic of my diploma thesis is the solution to exercises of volume and surface of 3D solids. The aim of the thesis is to make own didactic test and to analyse the methods of solution to math exercises in the 9th grade students of ZŠ Amálská. Also to compare the results of the tests in math and science orientated class to "normal1 " class and to find out the success rate of solutions in both classes. I focused only on pyramid and cone, because they are part of curriculum in 9th grade of basic schools after students are admitted to high schools, and after examination of educational programme of chosen school I realised that both classes had the same outputs of given schoolwork. I divided my thesis into two parts - theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part contains five chapters. In the first chapter I focus on didactic tests and their making. In the next chapter I deal with evaluation in general and school evaluation. In the third part there is the term of word exercise defined. In the fourth chapter there are solutions to the word exercises. And in the last chapter I define the term geometrical solid. In the practical part there are the aims and methods of survey, characteristic of research sample, making of didactic test, content of didactic test and analysis of students' solutions...
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Problem posing for limits of functions
Prskavcová, Pavla ; Pilous, Derek (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee)
Title: Problem posing for limits of functions Author: Pavla Prskavcová Department: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education Supervisor: Mgr. Derek Pilous, Ph.D. The aim of the thesis is to describe methods of limit problems solving and of posing new problems that are solvable by those methods. The first part of the thesis contains the necessary theory (definitions and theorems). In the second part of the thesis there are described the standard methods used for evaluating containing limits. The third part suggest ways of posing problems solvable by using elementary methods, based on the analysis of methods describes in the se- cond part of the thesis (without usage of the differential calculus). Keywords: limit, problem solving, problem posing, elementary function.
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Phenomena influencing learners' success when solving problems with algebraic expressions
Benešová, Jana ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
This thesis focuses on errors and difficulties that students face when solving problems with algebraic expressions in mathematics at secondary school. Its aim was to describe the factors that affect pupils' achievement while dealing with algebraic expressions, classify them on the basis of a classification of pupils' errors used in mathematics and identify the biggest pupils' difficulties. The thesis consists of theoretical and experimental parts. The theoretical part focuses on the factors that influence the success of pupils in their learning process. I present their summary based on information gained from literature and I complete them with my own teaching experience of mathematics at secondary school. Next I deal with the concept of error, error classification and one of the most important phases of learning process, which is a description of teacher's work with pupil's error (again on the basis of information gained from the literature). The theoretical part ends with definitions of basic concepts from specialized literature on algebraic expressions at the end of the theoretical part. In the experimental part I deal with my own experiment during teaching of mathematics at secondary school, which is based on individual written work of students in the first year of their study and on the...
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Financial literacy in mathematics
Lundáková, Naďa ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Tůmová, Veronika (referee)
Title: Financial Literacy in Mathematics Abstract Bachelor thesis Financial Literacy in Mathematics deals with the computational aspects of the financial literacy of grammar school pupils. The first part focuses on the general concepts of financial literacy and financial mathematics and their mutual relationship. The second part is devoted to compiling the examples and exercises that can be used to enhance the level of financial literacy of junior secondary school pupils. Examples and exercises listed here respect the current mathematical knowledge of students of the elementary grades. Most of them are devoted to work with the money. Key words Financial Literacy, Financial Math, Examples, Exercises, Grammar School, Money.
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Selected problems from Pythagoriáda
MENTLÍK, Jan
The main purpose of this bachelor thesis: "Selected tasks from Pythagoriads"includes lucid calculating of the examples, which occure in this mathematical competition and are dedicated for seventh class of basic schools or second class eight-year-old gymnazium. Examples are chosen from the local competition for schools. These solved examples are meant to help not only students in practising, but also for teachers in preparing students for the mathematical competition. Every Pythagoriad is devided to three categories according to the method of solving the problem and those are anallactic, geometric and logical.
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