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Specifics of nursing care in children before and after cardiac surgery.
NOVOTNÁ, Stanislava
Heart defects are classified into two types: critical and non-critical, with the vast majority of heart defects requiring immediate initiation of treatment or initiation of surgery. This bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of nursing care for children before and after such a cardiac surgery invasion. The first goal of this work was to find out what are the specifics of nursing care for children before heart surgery, the second goal was to find out what are the specifics of nursing care for children after heart surgery, and the third goal of the bachelor thesis was to map the issue of nursing care for children before and after cardiac surgery from the parents' point of view. In the bachelor thesis, two research questions and two hypotheses were set. The first research question concerned the specifics of nursing care for children before heart surgery. The second research question aimed to define the specifics of nursing care for children after heart surgery based on findings. In the first hypothesis, we were interested in whether the parents of children undergoing cardiac surgery are educated in the field of nursing care. The second hypothesis was to determine whether the parents of children undergoing heart surgery are satisfied with nursing care. The first part of the research was carried out using the method of qualitative research, in the form of a semi-structured interview with nurses who care for children before or after heart surgery. The second part of the research was carried out by the method of quantitative research, in the form of anonymous questionnaires with parents of children before and after cardiac surgery. Interviews in the qualitative survey showed that nurses have sufficient knowledge in the field of preoperative and postoperative care. They can independently determine what preoperative preparation is needed, which samples are important before surgery, what premedication is appropriate and how long before the procedure the child should be fasted, which is very important for new-borns. In postoperative care, their knowledge is above standard. They can evaluate complications after operations and, if necessary, are able to intervene independently. They are familiar with the area of sampling and examinations, which must be done immediately upon arrival from the hospital ward, and can evaluate how to load the digestive tract after surgery. A lot of knowledge also comes from communication with parents, where the sisters see great pitfalls that could be addressed in the form of seminars on communication. From the evaluation of the results of the quantitative survey, it was found that the parents of the children are sufficiently educated in the field of nursing care and are satisfied with the nursing care. Based on the results, it can be stated that in comparison with the theoretical knowledge, the nurses have essentially the same knowledge. Preoperative and postoperative care for children with heart defects is very demanding and burdensome not only for the child but also for nurses, and therefore it is very welcome that the parents of the children were satisfied with the education and nursing care.
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Nursing care for paediatric patient after orthopaedical surgeries
WEISSOVÁ, Eva
Abstract Current situation Current range of orthopaedics is not only surgery of musculoskeletal system, but it also deals with diagnostics of congenital defects, injuries, illnesses, metabolism disorders and their after-effects on musculoskeletal system. A paediatric nurse plays a key role in taking care of a paediatric patient after an orthopaedical surgery. She helps children to overcome an unpleasant situation and tries to minimize physical and psychological complications. Cooperation with child's family is essential. Child's pain, suffering and fear can be moderated by proper nursing care. Aim of the work We determined three aims in this diploma thesis. The first aim was to map children awareness before orthopaedical surgeries and during hospitalization. The second aim was to analyse satisfaction of parents during hospitalization. The third aim was to assess the importance of psychological pre-surgery preparation of children and hospitalization of parents in overall perception of child's hospitalization. Methodology A quantitative research by means of a paper and electronical survey was used for the empirical part. The research group was made up of 104 respondents, it means 52 parents and 52 children. Those were parents and children from two selected hospitals and from general public. The surveys were processed statistically afterwards. A descriptive analysis of all the questions was used and four determined hypotheses were tested. Results It was found out that most of the children felt sufficiently informed before and during the hospitalization. It could be claimed that better awareness of a nurse means better feeling of child's sufficient awareness. Furthermore, we found out from the results that most of the parents were sufficiently informed by the nurse and that their overall satisfaction depends on children awareness provided by the nurse. Based on results, nurse education in the area of children care and manipulation with children during hospitalization is very important and leads to satisfaction of both children and parents. Based on other results, a child's hospitalization with a parent is very important because 97% of children said that they were calmer because of the presence of a parent. We can claim this about parents as well, because the presence of a parent is perceived by parents themselves as a very important factor improving the perception of a stay at a hospital. Hospitalization of a parent with a child depends on the age of the child, in which case a child at the age of 5 and less was always hospitalized with a parent. Moreover, it was found that compared to the presence of a parent, parents claim the psychological preparation (talking in form of play or with the help of a therapist) has slightly more important point. That was confirmed by the children as well. We can obviously see from the response that they stand the hospitalization better if they are prepared for the surgery. Conclusion The research has shown that most of the children felt informed enough during the hospitalization and before the surgery. I find the psychological preparation of children for a surgery very important. That was also confirmed both by the children and parents, who consider the psychological preparation to be one of the most important factors. The hospitalization of a parent with a child depends on the age of the children. We trust that this work could serve as a study material for paediatric nurses working at corresponding postoperative departments, besides other things as a study material for students of medical subjects. This diploma thesis can describe given illness or the care of a child after an orthopaedic surgery to both parents and children.
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Postoperative care for patients with leg amputation caused by diabetes
Cardová, Lada ; Šolc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Půlpán, Rudolf (referee)
Title: Postoperative care for patients with leg amputation caused by diabetes. Objectives: The main aim of this work is to describe the matters of postoperative care for patients after leg amputation caused by diabetes and give possibilities of solutions from the aspects of prosthetics and physiotherapy. Methods: This work contains mainly references and documentary research. I used the method of data collecting mainly from medical resources such as scientific literature, magazines and other publications on the topic of postoperative care for patients with leg amputations. Results: The purpose of this work is the literature research that can be used as a source of information in the field of amputation surgery and postoperative care not only for diabetic patients. The text provides information for health professionals and also for the non-professional public. Keywords: leg amputation, amputation, diabetes mellitus, postoperative care, prosthetics, physical therapy, nordic walking
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Importance of enzymatic solutions (Enzymel) in postoperative treatment of upper respiratory tract wounds
Šimurdová, Marcela ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
Bakalářská práce Význam Enzymelu v pooperačním ošetřování ran v horních cestách dýchacích 1 Abstract Healing surgical wounds in upper respiratory tract is often difficult and painful due to constant presence of food (contamination), movements during talking and continuous presence of aggressive saliva. Most of the surgery clinics use natural solutions especially chamomile to accelerate healing and to remove patient's postoperative problems. Gel Enzymel parodont, which contains proteolytic enzymes and its application limits bacteria production and accelerates healing of the surgical wounds, hasn't been used in a clinical treatment in surgical ORL yet and its effects on healing haven't been studied. The theoretical part of this study is focused on a brief introduction of selected surgical procedures in upper respiratory tract and the corresponding nursing process including a summary of possible complications in the postoperative period. The empirical part of the thesis contains a summary of the results of non-standardized questionnaire survey, which was conducted on selected patients of the ORL (ENT) Clinic of Motol University Hospital. Using a surrogate survey of a selected group of patients (80 in total), data were obtained to compare the effectiveness of the investigated agents, especially in the area of...
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Role of nurses in postoperative care in patients with lung cancer.
PLECEROVÁ, Jana
The objectives of the work The objective of this work has been set as the mapping of degree of patient's contentment/ rate of patient's satisfaction in view of the nurse's approach within the scope of the post-thoracic operation care and the evaluation/ assessment whether the needs of the aforementioned patients have been satisfied. Another objective of the research enquiry has been set as finding out the level of the nurse's awareness regarding the ways and possibilities of the subsequent care. Methodology For the purpose of the research enquiry the form of qualitative research has been chosen and adopted, which has been applied and performed by means of using a method of interviewing i.e. putting questions which have been prepared beforehand, well in advance. Research array of patients consisted of 10 patients from one hospital (which is not going to be specified in this work) as well as 8 nurses whose job was to take care of the post-operative patients/ the post-thoracic operation patients. The results of the research have been processed by applying the method of open coding, pencil-paper method. Assets and Benefits of this Work The research enquiry has showed certain level of absence of desirable knowledge as well as ignorance of the staff taking care of the patients regarding the ways of subsequent care. Nurses should be educated about the possibilities of home care, hospice care as an integral part of their profession. The results gained by research enquiry process could be presented at seminars, conferences aimed at the subsequent care.
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Post-operative care of the patient after kidney transplant
Rebcová, Adéla ; Kordulová, Pavla (advisor) ; Chvojková, Kateřina (referee)
(v AJ) Transplantation medicine has undergone considerable development over the last twenty years. Organs Transplantation has become a routine part of treatment and often the only option for patients with severe kidney damage. Due to the development of immunosuppressive drugs and the improvement of surgical techniques, the outcomes of kidney transplants have greatly improved in recent years. The bachelor thesis describes the issue of nursing care for patients after kidney transplantation. In the theoretical part of the thesis I describe the issue of treatment of renal failure. I also focus on the period before the transplant itself and after the transplant. I can't forget to mention the professional organizations dealing with this issue, so I also provide a short overview of transplantation centres' in the Czech Republic. At the end of this section I present a very important part namely, patient education. Each patient needs to know what regimen in the homecare environment is to be followed so that transplantation is successful. The thesis I worked out on the basis of searching for relevant sources on the topic. I used resources from the National Medical Library, where I was made a literature search, through Medlain, from the Pub Med, Embase and Web of Science databases. The information were...
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Assessment of information knowledge for patients after cardiac surgery
Lomozová, Lenka ; Burišková, Klára (advisor) ; Pucholtová, Romana (referee)
Creating conditions for the effective healthcare provision in cooperation with the patient is one of the main missions of today's healthcare. A cardiac surgery is a difficult life situation for patients. Being informed, as the basic premise for the patient to become an active part of the entire healing process. The main aim of my thesis was to evaluate the awareness of patients who underwent a cardiac surgery, to map the problematic areas and to propose solutions. A combination of qualitative and quantitative method was used for the research. The qualitative part was carried out by means of semi-structured interviews with three interviewees. The quantitative part had the form of the questionnaire presented to 52 respondents. The results of both researches have been analyzed. The results show that the patients seem to have been provided with adequate information at the clinic. Impact of patients' awareness on their cooperation with healthcare professionals was proven, in particular in rehabilitation. A medical doctor remains the main source of information for patients, but they often seek to obtain additional information from other sources. The use of multiple sources and different forms of information seems to be advisable. I identified the groups of patients requiring a specific approach when...
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Nursig care about newborn within the perioperation care.
BENEŠOVÁ, Nikola
The topic of the thesis Nursing Care of Newborns in the Process of Perioperative Care deals with specific and distinct features of such care from the viewpoint of nursing. The main objective was to specify all tasks of nurses in the process of perioperative care and the procedures they use. Last but not least, we focused on how the nursing care differs with regard to the age of newborns. The selected research method was qualitative research using semi-structured interviews with nurses from perinatology centers. The research covered 10 respondents with various levels of education and lengths of practical experience. Nurses most frequently understand the term of perioperative care as the care provided before, during and after a surgery. Most of them actually perform preparation of the child before the surgery and then they provide postoperative care. Only 2 out of the 10 respondents are directly involved in the surgery procedure and thus accompany the newborns throughout the entire process of perioperative care. The care provided before the surgery most often includes identification of the child, checking of its vital functions, involvement in blood collection, including intravenous cannulation, administration of prescribed medication, preparation of the surgical site and communication with the parents. Children are most frequently accompanied by their mothers and nurses need to communicate with them. Nurses transport the child to the operating room, hand the child over and subsequently take it back after the surgery. They also record all those activities in the medical files and in some cases they check signed informed consents. Intraoperative care consists mainly of monitoring of the newborn, assisting to the physician in airway management - intubation and during the entire surgery procedure. The most common surgical procedures performed in children are hernia, bowel and heart surgeries. The nurses also generally mentioned surgeries of developmental disorders. After the surgery nurses usually move the child to the neonatology intensive care unit which is equipped with a ventilator, incubator and all types of medication. They regularly check and record child´s vital functions, monitor the surgical wound and its proximity, intake and excretion, they provide nutrition etc. Nurses also assess the pain, most frequently using the NIPS scale, and they educate the parents. Post-surgery complications occur only sporadically and they include infections, bleeding or abstinence syndrome after administration of opiates. The collected data have shown only one difference relating to the age of newborns who underwent a surgery. Specifically, certain surgeries, e.g. of necrotic enterocolitis, are performed more frequently on less mature newborns. In general, most of the surgeries are performed on prematurely born neonates and extremely immature neonates. When asked what they would like to change or improve in the perioperative care from the nursing point of view the nurses primarily mentioned more contacts between the mother and child and consistent compliance with aseptic procedures. The responding nurses were mostly content, they praised the highly specialized care and the good cooperation between the nursing team and the medical team which consists of pediatricians and specialists. Results of those teams thus contribute to continually decreasing mortality rate of high-risk and pathological newborns and to better quality of life of those children after the surgery.
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Specifics of education process in a patient with cataract
Čádová, Jana ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Křivková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis on a topic "Specifics of the education process in a patient with cataract" is focused on the educational activities of a nurse in patients after a cataract surgery. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part concerns cataract, history and types. It describes the educational process of nurses and nursing care for patients after cataract surgery. The practical part describes results of the exploratory questionnaire survey, which was held in five Prague hospitals. The exploratory involved two groups of respondents, ophthalmic nurses working in clinics/departments and patients who have undergone cataract surgery. Results of the questionnaire survey are summarised at the end of the thesis, in chapter discussion. They show that observed populations are similar, for example in the selected form of education. Furthermore, the different opinions were confirmed, such as the question of family member's presence during the education.
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Postoperative care for patients with leg amputation caused by diabetes
Cardová, Lada ; Šolc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Půlpán, Rudolf (referee)
Title: Postoperative care for patients with leg amputation caused by diabetes. Objectives: The main aim of this work is to describe the matters of postoperative care for patients after leg amputation caused by diabetes and give possibilities of solutions from the aspects of prosthetics and physiotherapy. Methods: This work contains mainly references and documentary research. I used the method of data collecting mainly from medical resources such as scientific literature, magazines and other publications on the topic of postoperative care for patients with leg amputations. Results: The purpose of this work is the literature research that can be used as a source of information in the field of amputation surgery and postoperative care not only for diabetic patients. The text provides information for health professionals and also for the non-professional public. Keywords: leg amputation, amputation, diabetes mellitus, postoperative care, prosthetics, physical therapy, nordic walking
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